In the given diagram, which numbers depict Cystic duct [CD], Hepatic duct [HD], Common bile duct [CBD], Pancreatic duct [PD] and Sphincter of Oddi [SoD]?
CD | HD | CBD | PD | SoD | |
1. | 9 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 |
2. | 3 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 7 |
3. | 4 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 7 |
4. | 3 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 6 |
The ion, critical in absorption of nutrients like amino acids and glucose in the human alimentary canal, is:
1. Na+
2. H+
3. K+
4. Ca++
To facilitate absorption of end products of fat digestion, bile salts combine with fatty acids to form complexes called:
1. chylomicrons
2. micelles
3. globules
4. lipoproteins
The gross calorific value for carbohydrates is:
1. 4.0 kcal/g
2. 4.1 kcal/g
3. 5.65 kcal/g
4. 9.45 kcal/g
Identify the incorrect comparison of Kwashiorkor and Marasmus:
|
|
Kwashiorkor |
Marasmus |
1. |
Cause |
Protein deficiency with adequate energy intake |
Inadequate energy intake in all forms, including protein |
2. |
Age incidence |
Increases after 18 months |
Prior to age 1 |
3. |
Main clinical sign |
Muscular wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat |
Edema and ascites [abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen] |
4. |
Fatty infiltration in liver |
Common |
Not common |
Maximum amount of water in the human alimentary canal is absorbed in:
1. Large intestine
2. Small intestine
3. Stomach
4. Buccal cavity
What types of digestive hydrolytic enzymes are commonly secreted as zymogens [inactive precursors]?
1. Proteolytic
2. Carbohydrases
3. Lipases
4. Nucleases
What prevents the back flow of faeces from caecum into the small intestine?
1. ileo-caecal valve
2. ileo-caecal sphincter
3. vermiform appendix
4. taenia coli muscle
Trypsinogen is activated by
1. an enzyme enterogastrone
2. a hormone enterogastrone
3. an enzyme, enterokinase
4. a hormone, enterokinase
The egestion of faeces to the outside through the anal opening (defaecation) is:
1. a voluntary process and is carried out by a mass peristaltic movement.
2. an involuntary process and is carried out by a mass peristaltic movement.
3. a voluntary process and is carried out by an anteperistaltic movement.
4. a voluntary process and is carried out by a peristaltic movement.