Super Live Session: Unit 9

1.

A limitation associated with traditional hybridization procedures used in plant and animal breeding overcome by genetic engineering is:

1.	Traditional hybridization is difficult to practice
2.	Traditional hybridization is labor and cost-intensive
3.	Traditional hybridization may lead to the inclusion and multiplication of non-desirable genes
4.	The progeny generated by traditional hybridization have lower reproductive potential

2.

To ensure that an alien piece of DNA replicates and multiplies itself in the host organism, it is important that it:
1. is single-stranded
2. is linked with an ori
3. is heterochromatic
4. is not associated with any proteins

3.

The scientists who cloned DNA from the Salmonella typhimurium streptomycin resistance plasmid into the Escherichia coli plasmid, observed tolerance to streptomycin among the transformants and thus laying the foundations of genetic engineering were:

1.	Cohen and Boyer	2.	Millstein and Kohler
3.	Bolivar and Rodriguez	4.	Fire and Mello

4.

Bioprocessing engineering deals with:

1.	the search for plant and animal species from which medicinal drugs and other commercially valuable compounds can be obtained.
2.	developing methods and software tools for understanding biological data.
3.	production of active pharmaceutical substances in genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
4.	maintenance of sterile ambience in chemical engineering processes.

5.

Identify the incorrect statement regarding restriction endonucleases:

1.	They mostly cut dsDNA at specific base sequences.
2.	They are produced by bacterial cells as a mechanism of self-defence.
3.	They digest DNA by removing nucleotides from a free 3' end.
4.	They often generate short single-stranded sequences at the ends of the resultant fragments.

6.

The enzyme DNA ligase, important in rDNA procedures, catalyzes the formation of:

1.	N- Glycosidic	2.	Hydrogen
3.	Phosphodiester	4.	Ester

7.

A donor DNA and plasmid vector DNA of E. coli are cut by EcoRI. The plasmid contains genes for resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. The ECoRI recognition sequence lies within the gene for tetracycline resistance. Ligase is used, and the recombinant DNA is produced. The plasmids are transferred to E.coli with the help of electroporation. Samples of the bacterial colonies are then grown in four different media: nutrient medium plus ampicillin, nutrient medium plus tetracycline, nutrient medium plus ampicillin and tetracycline, and nutrient medium without antibiotics. Non-recombinant transformants will grow on:

1.	the nutrient medium plus ampicillin, but not on the medium containing tetracycline.
2.	only on the medium containing both antibiotics.
3.	on the medium containing tetracycline, but not on the medium containing ampicillin.
4.	on all four types of mediums.

8.

A gene of interest is inserted into the lac Z gene in a plasmid also containing a tetracycline-resistant gene. If the transformed bacteria are plated on a medium containing tetracycline and X-gal, the recombinant plasmids will be shown as:
1. a colony which did not grow on the tetracycline plates
2. a white colony on the tetracycline plates
3. a blue colony on the tetracycline plates
4. a black colony on the tetracycline plates

9.

DNA fragments resulting from restriction enzyme digestion are moved through agar gel during electrophoresis. Which of the following modifications to the fragments will not affect the rate of their movement?
1. Neutralizing the negative charge
2. Increasing length
3. Changing the base composition
4. Decreasing length

10.

If we are able to link an alien piece of DNA with bacteriophage or plasmid DNA, we can multiply its number:

1.	more than the number of copy number of bacteriophages in the cells and equal to the copy number of plasmid in the cell.
2.	equal to the number of copy number of bacteriophages in the cells and equal to the copy number of plasmid in the cell.
3.	equal to the number of copy number of bacteriophages in the cells and less than the copy number of plasmid in the cell.
4.	less than the number of copy number of bacteriophages in the cells and more than the copy number of plasmid in the cell.

11.

Restriction enzymes do not act on the DNA of the Host cell in which they are produced because:

1.	Host DNA is packed into chromosomes
2.	Restriction enzymes are ineffective on host DNA
3.	Host DNA does not have the restriction site for the Restriction enzymes
4.	Restriction site of host DNA is methylated

12.

The Ti plasmid, used in transformation of plant cells, is found in:

1.	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	2.	Escherichia coli
3.	Bacillus thuringiensis	4.	Xanthomonas citri

13.

Which of the following can be used to induce competence for getting a bacterial cell transformed during rDNA procedures?

1.	A divalent cation	2.	Ethidium bromide
3.	Polyethylene glycol	4.	Anionic proteins

14.

In microinjection, the rDNA :

1.	coats the micropellets and is used in biolistics to transform plant cells
2.	is directly injected into the cytoplasm of a plant or an animal cell
3.	is delivered in the vicinity of the plasma membrane of the cell (to be transformed)
4.	is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell

15.

To isolate DNA in pure form from a bacterial cell, it should initially be treated with:

1.	Proteases and RNase but not DNase	2.	Lysozyme
3.	Restriction endonuclease	4.	DNA ligase

16.

The enzyme used for DNA amplification in PCR procedures is:
1. Polynucleotide phosphorylase
2. Reverse transcriptase
3. Taq polymerase
4. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

17.

The downstream processing stage of rDNA does not involve:

1.	Biosynthesis	2.	Separation
3.	Purification	4.	Preservation

18.

Consider the two statements:

I:	Use of genetically modified crops can be a possible solution for minimizing the use of chemicals and fertilizers that are detrimental for the environment.
II:	Genetically modified crops do not require any fertilizers.

1.	Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2.	Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3.	I is correct but II is incorrect.
4.	Both I and II are incorrect.

19.

Why does the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis not affected by the toxins produced by it that can kill arthropods?

1.	The toxin inactivated by proteins in the bacterial cells.
2.	The bacterial cell does not have organelles and thus it is harmless.
3.	It is produced as a pro-toxin by the bacterium.
4.	The protein needs post-transcriptional modification possible only in eukaryotic cells.

20.

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the use of RNAi for creating transgenic tobacco plants resistant to Meloidogyne incognita:

1.	Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to transform the plant cells
2.	Double-stranded RNA was introduced into the plant cells
3.	Double-stranded RNA was formed in the plant cells that initiated RNAi
4.	A specific mRNA of the nematode was silenced with the help of dsRNA

21.

The first therapeutic protein approved for therapeutic purposes that was produced by rDNA technology was:
1. Human insulin
2. Human growth hormone
3. Alpha interferon
4. Erythropoietin

22.

Gene therapy for ADA deficiency has been tried with the help of which of the following vectors?

1.	Microinjection	2.	Liposome
3.	A bacterium	4.	A retrovirus

23.

ELISA is based on the principle of:

1.	Complementary base pairing between nucleic acid strands
2.	Antigen-antibody interaction
3.	Movement of different proteins under an electric field
4.	Amplification of DNA in a sample

24.

More than 95% of all transgenic animals are:
1. Mice
2. Pigs
3. Cattle
4. Fish

25.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin was produced in a transgenic sheep, Tracy. This enzyme is used in the treatment of:

1.	Emphysema	2.	Rheumatoid arthritis
3.	Ovarian cancer	4.	Pancreatitis

26.

A single-stranded DNA or RNA fragment used in genetic engineering to search for a particular gene or other DNA sequence is called as a :

1.	probe	2.	vector
3.	restriction sequence	4.	retrovirus

27.

Which of the following correctly describes ‘Golden Rice’?
1. A variety of rice grown along the yellow river in China
2. Long stored rice having yellow colour tint
3. A transgenic rice having gene for β - carotene
4. Wild variety of rice with yellow coloured grains

28.

Recombinant therapeutic [used for treatment] products are available for all the following disorders except:
1. Hemophilia A
2. Pituitary dwarfism
3. Diabetes insipidus
4. Anemia due to renal failure

29.

Plants genetically engineered to make them resistant to glyphosate was an important achievement because:

1.	glyphosate promotes frost damage
2.	glyphosate encourages the production of fruit that is lower in protein
3.	glyphosate is the active ingredient in herbicides
4.	glyphosate prevents the transfer of genes into the plants

30.

Production of transgenic plants is easier than the production of transgenic animals mainly because:

1.	Plant cells can grow in cell culture.
2.	Plant cells have a lower number of potentially lethal genes.
3.	Plant cells are totipotent.
4.	Plants do have cancers.

31.

Which of the following is not a salient feature of the human genome?

1.	The actual total number of genes is much higher than what was previously estimated.
2.	Less than 2 percent of the genome codes for proteins.
3.	The functions are unknown for over 50 percent of the discovered genes.
4.	Repeated sequences make up a very large portion of the human genome.

32.

The chain termination method using Dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates was given by:

1.	Paul Berg	2.	Fred Sanger
3.	Marshall Nirenberg	4.	George Gamow

33.

A procedure for identifying specific sequences of DNA, in which fragments separated on a gel are transferred directly to a second medium on which assay by hybridization may be carried out is called as:
1. Radioassay
2. Gel electrophoresis
3. Ultracentrifugation
4. Southern blot

34.

A tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from 10–60 base pairs) are typically repeated 5-50 times is called:

1.	Satellite chromosome	2.	Satellite DNA
3.	Minisatellite	4.	Microsatellite

35.

A circular plasmid of 10000 bp is digested with two restriction enzymes A and B, to produce 3000 bp and 2000 bp bands when visualized on an agarose gel. When digested with one enzyme at a time, only one band is visible at 5000 bp. If the first site for enzyme A [A1] is present at the 100th base, the order in which the remaining sites [A2, B1 and B2] are present is:

1.	5100, 3100, 8100	2.	3100, 5100, 8100
3.	8100, 5100, 3100	4.	8100, 3100, 5100

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