Selected Qs - Cell: The Unit of Life - NCERT Exemplar Converted to MCQs

1. Natural membranes are selectively permeable because:
1. They have uniform pore size
2. They allow all molecules to pass through
3. They have specific transport proteins and lipid bilayer
4. They are completely impermeable

2. The main function of vacuoles in plant cells is:

1.	Protein synthesis
2.	Storage and maintenance of cell turgor
3.	Lipid synthesis
4.	Cell division

3. In ribosomes, the 'S' in 70S and 80S refers to:

1.	Size of the ribosome
2.	Sedimentation coefficient
3.	Structural component
4.	Synthesis rate

4. Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is single membrane-bound?
1. Golgi body
2. Mitochondria
3. Lysosome
4. Peroxisome

5. Polysomes are formed when:

1.	Multiple mRNA attach to one ribosome
2.	Multiple ribosomes attach to one mRNA
3.	Multiple tRNA attach to one ribosome
4.	Multiple DNA strands attach to ribosomes

6. A metacentric chromosome has:

1.	Centromere at the terminal end
2.	Centromere near the terminal end
3.	Centromere at the middle
4.	No centromere

7. Satellite chromosomes are characterized by:

1.	Secondary constriction at terminal end
2.	Primary constriction at middle
3.	No constriction
4.	Multiple constrictions throughout

8. The cell envelope in prokaryotes consists of:

1.	Only cell wall
2.	Only plasma membrane
3.	Cell wall and plasma membrane
4.	Glycocalyx, cell wall and plasma membrane

9. Which of these is unique to prokaryotic cells?

1.	Ribosomes	2.	Mesosomes
3.	Cell membrane	4.	DNA

10. The genetic material in prokaryotes is:

1.	Present within nuclear membrane
2.	Naked and circular DNA
3.	Linear DNA with histone proteins
4.	Multiple chromosomes

11. The largest cell is:
1. Nerve cell
2. Bacterial cell
3. Ostrich egg
4. Human egg

12. Cell theory was finally established by:
1. Schleiden
2. Schwann
3. Virchow
4. Leeuwenhoek

13. The primary function of nucleolus in protein synthesis is:

1.	Direct protein synthesis
2.	Production of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosomes
3.	Storage of amino acids
4.	Synthesis of transfer RNA

14. Which carbohydrate is commonly associated with plasma membrane?
1. Cellulose
2. Glycogen
3. Glycocalyx
4. Starch

15. The centriole's cartwheel structure consists of:

1.	7 triplet microtubules arranged radially
2.	9 triplet microtubules arranged radially
3.	9 pairs of microtubules in a wheel pattern
4.	8 triplet microtubules with spokes

16. Who modified the cell theory to include the concept "Omnis cellula-e cellula"?
1. Schleiden
2. Schwann
3. Rudolf Virchow
4. Robert Brown

17. Which of these is NOT a difference between RER and SER?

1.	Presence of ribosomes
2.	Role in protein synthesis
3.	Basic membrane structure
4.	Location in cell

18. The fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane was proposed by:

1.	Davson and Danielli	2.	Singer and Nicolson
3.	Robert Brown	4.	Schleiden and Schwann

19. Plasmids are:

1.	Membrane-bound organelles
2.	Extra-chromosomal circular DNA molecules
3.	Bacterial cell walls
4.	Protein complexes

20. Which component gives fluidity to the plasma membrane?
1. Cholesterol
2. Glycolipids
3. Glycoproteins
4. Phospholipids

21. The main function of mesosome in prokaryotic cells is:

1.	Protein synthesis
2.	Lipid synthesis
3.	Cell wall formation and DNA replication
4.	ATP production

22. Cell wall is absent in:
1. Fungi
2. Bacteria
3. Mycoplasma
4. Blue-green algae

23. The genomic DNA in prokaryotes is:

1.	Linear and associated with histones
2.	Circular and naked
3.	Within nuclear membrane
4.	Associated with membrane

24. Inclusion bodies in prokaryotes are:

1.	Membrane-bound organelles
2.	Non-membrane bound storage structures
3.	Part of the cell wall
4.	Genetic material

25. Which scientist's contribution to cell theory explained how new cells are formed?
1. Matthias Schleiden
2. Theodore Schwann
3. Rudolf Virchow
4. Anton von Leeuwenhoek

26. Which of these organelles is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
1. Mitochondria
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Ribosomes
4. Golgi apparatus

27. Extra genomic DNA in prokaryotes is present in the form of:
1. Nuclear DNA
2. Plasmids
3. Chromosomes
4. Chromatin

28. The fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane explains its:

1.	Rigidity and impermeability
2.	Flexibility and selective permeability
3.	Fixed composition
4.	Static nature

29. Which organelle is bound by a double membrane?

1.	Lysosome	2.	Golgi apparatus
3.	Mitochondria	4.	Endoplasmic reticulum

30. Mitochondria are called powerhouses of the cell because they:
1. Store proteins
2. Synthesize ATP
3. Break down glucose
4. Transport nutrients

31. Which type of plastid conversion occurs when a fruit ripens from green to red?

1.	Leucoplast to chromoplast
2.	Chloroplast to chromoplast
3.	Chromoplast to chloroplast
4.	Amyloplast to chloroplast

32. The centromere is responsible for:

1.	Protein synthesis
2.	Chromosome movement during cell division
3.	Formation of cell wall
4.	Energy production

33. Which of these is unique to prokaryotic cells?
1. Cell wall
2. Plasma membrane
3. Mesosome
4. Ribosomes

34. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in:
1. Protein synthesis
2. Lipid synthesis
3. Glucose storage
4. Photosynthesis

35. Which cellular component determines the shape of bacterial cells?
1. Plasma membrane
2. Cell wall
3. Glycocalyx
4. Mesosome

36. The main difference between plant and animal cells is:

1.	Presence of mitochondria
2.	Presence of cell wall
3.	Presence of ribosomes
4.	Presence of plasma membrane

37. In prokaryotes, the 70S ribosome consists of:
1. 40S and 30S subunits
2. 50S and 30S subunits
3. 60S and 40S subunits
4. 60S and 50S subunits

38. The Golgi apparatus primarily functions in:

1.	Energy production
2.	Protein synthesis
3.	Packaging and secretion
4.	Lipid breakdown

39. Which of these is a non-membrane bound organelle?
1. Mitochondria
2. Centriole
3. Lysosome
4. Golgi apparatus

40. Gas vacuoles are primarily found in:

1.	Plant cells only
2.	Animal cells only
3.	Aquatic bacteria and blue-green algae
4.	Fungal cells only

41. What is the significance of carbohydrates on plasma membrane?

1.	Energy storage only
2.	Cell recognition, adhesion and receptor functions
3.	Structural support only
4.	Transportation of molecules

42. What are plasmids?

1.	Large chromosomal DNA in bacteria
2.	Small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria
3.	Proteins in bacterial cytoplasm
4.	Ribosomes in bacteria

43. What is the role of plasmids in bacteria?

1.	Primary genetic material
2.	Carry genes for antibiotic resistance and special metabolic functions
3.	Form cell wall
4.	Protein synthesis only

44. What are histones?

1.	DNA molecules
2.	Basic proteins associated with DNA in eukaryotes
3.	Acidic proteins in cytoplasm
4.	Enzymes for DNA replication

45. What are the functions of histones?

1.	DNA packaging and gene regulation
2.	Protein synthesis only
3.	Cell division only
4.	Energy production

46. What is the biochemical composition of plasma membrane?

1.	Only proteins
2.	Only lipids
3.	Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
4.	Only carbohydrates

47. How are lipid molecules arranged in the plasma membrane?

1.	Single layer
2.	Bilayer with hydrophilic heads outside and hydrophobic tails inside
3.	Random arrangement
4.	Triple layer

48. The minimal structural organization required for a living cell must include:

1.	Plasma membrane for compartmentalization and nucleus for information storage
2.	Boundary membrane, hereditary material, and catalytic machinery for metabolism
3.	Cell wall for protection and chloroplasts for energy production
4.	Cytoskeleton for shape and ribosomes for protein synthesis

49. What functional attributes must a cell have to be called living?

1.	Only growth
2.	Metabolism, reproduction, response to stimuli, and homeostasis
3.	Only movement
4.	Only respiration

50. What was Robert Virchow's contribution to cell theory?

1.	All living things are made of cells
2.	Cell is the basic unit of life
3.	All cells arise from pre-existing cells
4.	Cells contain nucleus

51. What was Schleiden and Schwann's contribution to cell theory?

1.	All cells arise from pre-existing cells
2.	All living things are composed of cells and cell is basic unit of life
3.	Cells contain genetic material
4.	Cells can divide

52. Where is extra genomic DNA located in prokaryotes?

1.	In the nucleus
2.	In cytoplasm as plasmids
3.	In ribosomes
4.	In cell wall

53. How does plasma membrane structure correlate with its function?

1.	Rigid structure allows selective permeability
2.	Fluid mosaic structure allows selective permeability and flexibility
3.	Single layer provides strength
4.	Protein-only structure allows transport

54. What makes plasma membrane selectively permeable?

1.	Only lipid bilayer
2.	Combination of lipid bilayer and embedded proteins
3.	Only proteins
4.	Only carbohydrates

55. Which organelles are bound by a single membrane?

1.	Nucleus and mitochondria
2.	ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles
3.	Ribosomes and centrosome
4.	Only nucleus

56. Which organelles are bound by a double membrane?

1.	ER and Golgi apparatus
2.	Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
3.	Lysosomes and peroxisomes
4.	Ribosomes and vacuoles

57. Why is genomic content of nucleus constant for a species?

1.	Nucleus cannot change
2.	Nuclear DNA is inherited and determines species characteristics
3.	Nucleus is protected by membrane
4.	Nuclear DNA is not involved in heredity

58. Mitochondria are termed cellular powerhouses because they:

1.	Store large amounts of glucose for immediate energy release
2.	House the electron transport chain and ATP synthase for oxidative phosphorylation
3.	Produce all the enzymes required for glycolysis
4.	Synthesize lipids that store potential energy

59. What process in mitochondria produces energy?

1.	Photosynthesis
2.	Cellular respiration and ATP synthesis
3.	Protein synthesis
4.	DNA replication

60. Are plastids species-specific?

1.	Yes, each species has unique plastids
2.	No, plastids are similar across species but vary in number and type
3.	Yes, plastids determine species
4.	No, all plastids are identica

61. How do we distinguish different types of plastids?

1.	By their location only
2.	By their pigments, internal structure, and function
3.	By their size only
4.	By their shape only

62. What is the function of centromere?

1.	Protein synthesis
2.	Attachment point for spindle fibers during cell division
3.	DNA replication
4.	Energy production

63. What is the function of smooth ER?

1.	Protein synthesis only
2.	Lipid synthesis and detoxification
3.	DNA replication only
4.	ATP production only

64. What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

1.	Protein synthesis only
2.	Modification, packaging, and shipping of proteins
3.	DNA storage only
4.	Energy production only

65. What is the function of centrioles?
1. Protein synthesis
3. Organization of spindle fibers during cell division
3. DNA replication
4. Energy storage

66. Are different types of plastids interchangeable?

1.	No, they are permanently differentiated
2.	Yes, they can convert from one type to another
3.	Only chloroplasts can change
4.	Only leucoplasts can change

67. Give an example of plastid interconversion:

1.	Chloroplasts cannot change
2.	Leucoplasts can develop into chloroplasts when exposed to light
3.	Chromoplasts are permanent
4.	Plastids never change

68. What happens when potato tubers are exposed to light?

1.	They remain white
2.	Leucoplasts convert to chloroplasts, turning green
3.	They become sweeter
4.	Nothing happens

69. What happens to chloroplasts during fruit ripening?

1.	They remain green
2.	They convert to chromoplasts, causing color change
3.	They disappear completely
4.	They multiply rapidly

70. Which organelles show similar DNA inheritance pattern as plastids?

1.	Nucleus and ribosomes
2.	Mitochondria
3.	Golgi apparatus and ER
4.	Lysosomes and peroxisomes

71. What type of inheritance do plastids show?

1.	Biparental inheritance
2.	Maternal inheritance
3.	Paternal inheritance
4.	Random inheritance

72. What evidence supports the endosymbiotic origin of plastids?

1.	They have no DNA
2.	They have circular DNA, 70S ribosomes, and double membrane
3.	They are always found in nucleus
4.	They cannot reproduce

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