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1.

Which of the following is correct?

1.	The ES complex formation is a transient phenomenon.
2.	The structure of the substrate gets transformed into the structure of product.
3.	All the structures formed between substrate and product are called intermediates.
4.	All of these

2. Nearly ____A____ percent of \(CO_2\) is transported by RBCs whereas ____B____ percent of it is carried as bicarbonates 
Choose the option which fills the blanks A and B correctly 

	A		B
1.	97	:	7
2.	3	:	7
3.	20-25	:	70
4.	70	:	20-25

3.

During muscle contraction, the length of all the following gets reduced except:
1. H-Zone
2. A-Band
3. I-Band
4. Sacromere

4. Match column I with column II w.r.t. respiratory volumes and their average values

	Column I		Column II
a.	Residual volume (RV)	(i)	1100-1200 mL
b.	Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)	(ii)	1000-1100 mL
c.	Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)	(iii)	2500-3000 mL
d.	Tidal volume (TV)	(iv)	500 mL

Choose the correct option
1. a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
2. a(ii), b(iii), c(iv), d(i)
3. a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii)
4. a(iv), b(i), c(ii), d(iii)

5.

Besides cAMP, which one of the following molecules acts as a “secondary messenger” in the biological system?
1. Ca⁺²
2. ATP
3. cDNA
4. CGTP

6.

In the following diagram, A, B, C, D and E respectively are:

(1) Salivary ducts, crop, gizzard, malpighian tubules, ileum
(2) Salivary reservoir, gizzard, hepatic caeca, malpighian tubules, ileum
(3) Salivary reservoir, gizzard, ileum, malpighian tubules, hepatic caeca
(4) Salivary duct, midgut, hepatic caeca, malpighian tubules, ileum

7.

Assertion (A):	Smooth muscles are called striated muscles.
Reason (R):	Striated muscles have a striped appearance under the microscope.

 

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true, but (R) is false.
4.	(A) is false, but (R) is true.

8. If the R group in a proteinaceous amino acid is called hydroxy methyl, the amino acid must be:
1. phenylalanine
2. serine
3. alanine
4. tyrosine

9. Select the option in which heart structure and their locations are incorrectly matched 

1.	Semilunar valve	-	At the opening of pulmonary artery
2.	Bicuspid valve	-	Between right atrium and left ventricle
3.	Tricuspid valve	-	Between right atrium and right ventricle
4.	Sino-atrial node	-	In the upper right corner of the right atrinum

10.

Which of the following animals is not viviparous?
1. Flying fox (bat)               
2. Elephant
3. Platypus
4. Whale

11.

Which one of the following is correctly matched with its one characteristic and the taxon?

	Animals	Characteristic	Taxon
1.	Millipede	Ventral nerve cord	Arachnida
2.	Duckbill platypus	Oviparous	Mammalia
3.	Silverfish	Pectoral and pelvic fins	Chordata
4.	Sea anemone	Triploblastic	Cnidaria

12.

Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of 
1. Earthworm
2. Cockroach
3. Frog
4. Man

13.

The animals belonging to all the following groups are exclusively marine except: 
1. Ctenophora
2. Porifera
3. Protochordata
4. Echinodermata

14.

Identify structures A to D –

	A	B	C	D
1.	Gizzard	Crop	Hepatic caecae	Malpighian tubules
2.	Crop	Gizzard	Hepatic caecae	Malpighian tubules
3.	Crop	Gizzard	Malpighian tubules	Hepatic caecae
4.	Gizzard	Crop	Malpighian tubules	Hepatic caecae

15.

The cells lining the blood vessels belong to the category of:
(1) Columnar epithelium
(2) Connective tissue
(3) Smooth muscle tissue
(4) Squamous epithelium

16. Which of the following could be a consequence of a reduction in pituitary function in an otherwise healthy human?
(i) more urine produced in a male or female
(ii) infertility in a female
(iii) infertility in a male
1. (i) and (ii) only
2. (ii) and (iii) only
3. (ii) only
4. (i), (ii) and (iii)

17. The function of the pineal body is to: 
1. lighten the skin colors
2. control sexual behavior 
3. regulate the period of puberty 
4. All of the above 

18.

Which of the following is not true of connective tissue?
I. Connective tissues are most abundant and widely distributed in the body of complex animals
II. They connect and support other tissues
III. They include such diverse tissues as bone. cartilage, tendons, adipose and loose connective tissues
IV. They form the internal and external lining of many organs
V. In all connective tissues except blood, the cells secrete fibres of structural proteins called collagen or elastin
(1) Only IV
(2) Only V
(3) Only I and II
(4) Only III and V

19.

In response to decrease in blood volume and blood pressure which of the following
do not occur?
1. Secretion of renin
2. Secretion of aldosterone
3. Secretion of vassopressin
4. Secretion of ANF

20. Which feature is common to all compounds found in the acid soluble pool?

1.	They are all lipids.
2.	They have molecular weights ranging from 18 to around 800 daltons.
3.	They are all proteins.
4.	They have molecular weights above 10,000 daltons.

21.

Choose the correct statements.

1.	All mammals are viviparous
2.	All cyclostomes do not possess jaws and paired fins
3.	All reptiles have a three-chambered heart
4.	All Pisces have gills covered by an operculum

22.

Three of the following statements about enzymes are correct and one is wrong. Which
one is wrong?
(1) Enzymes require optimum pH for maximal activity
(2) Enzymes are denatured at high temperature but in certain exceptional organisms
they are effective even at temperatures 80°-90°C
(3) Enzymes are highly specific
(4) Most enzymes are proteins but some are lipids

23.

Characteristics of epithelial tissues include:

I.	They cover the external surface of the body and internal free surface of many organs.
II.	Cells are arranged very close to each other and are held together by gap junctions.
III.	It has high vascular supply.

1. I, II, III
2. II, III
3. I, II
4. I, III

24.  Match the following columns and select the correct match:

Column-I		Column-II
(a)	Heart attack	(I)	Heart stops beating
(b)	Cardiac arrest	(II)	Not enough oxygen is reaching heart muscles leading to chest pain
(c)	Heart failure	(III)	Heart is not pumping blood effectively to meet the body's demand
(d)	Angina	(IV)	Heart muscles suddenly damaged by the inadequate blood supply

Options:

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(IV)	(I)	(II)	(III)
2.	(IV)	(I)	(III)	(II)
3.	(I)	(IV)	(III)	(II)
4.	(I)	(III)	(II)	(IV)

25.

The functions of glucagon do not include:
1. Glycogenolysis
2. Gluconeogenesis
3. Increased cellular glucose uptake
4. Decreased cellular glucose utilization

26.

One example of animals having a single opening to the outside that serves both as mouth as well as anus is
(1) Octopus
(2) Asterias
(3) Ascidia
(4) Fasciola

27. Match the blood groups in column I with their antibodies present in plasma in column II and select the correct option: 

	Column I		Column II
(i)	A	(a)	Anti-B
(ii)	AB	(b)	Anti-A
(iii)	O	(c)	Nil
(iv)	B	(d)	Anti-A, B

1. (i)-(a), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(d)
2. (i)-(a), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(b)
3. (i)-(b), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(a)
4. (i)-(a), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(c), (iv)-(b)

28.

Each limb has …. Bones and human body has ……

29. Which of the following represents an amino-sugar?
1. Ascorbic acid
2. Mannitol
3. Glucuronic acid
4. Glucosamine 

30. Match the blood vessels of human heart listed under Column-I with the functions given under Column-II. Choose the answer Which gives the correct combination of the alphabets of the two columns. 

	Column-I  (Blood vessel)		Column-II (Function)
i.	Superior vena cava	p.	Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs.
ii.	Inferior vena cava	q.	Carries oxygenated blood to lungs.
iii.	Pulmonary artery	r.	Brings deoxygenated blood from lower parts of the body into the right atrium.
iv.	Pulmonary vein	s.	Brings oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
		t.	Brings deoxygenated blood from upper parts of the body into the right atrium.

1. i=t, ii=p, iii=r, iv=q
2. i=t, ii=r, iii=p, iv=s
3. i=s, ii=t, iii=r, iv=p
4. i=t, ii=p, iii=q, iv=r

31.

Which of the following statement is correct with reference to the cockroach eye?
1. Both eyes together consist of about 2000 hexagonal ommatidia
2. Its vision has more sensitivity but less resolution
3. Mosaic vision is not found due to diurnal habit
4. Compound eyes are situated at the vertex region of the head

32.

Adrenal medullary hormones:
(a) Like epinephrine and nor-adrenaline are secreted in response to stress due to emergency
(b) Can increase the heart beat
(c) Can increase cardiac output
(d) Are related to all of the above

33.

In humans the number of carpal bones is ________, while the number of tarsal bones is _____________.
(1) 7, 8
(2) 5, 4
(3) 4, 5
(4) 8, 7

34.

Which of the following is true about Islet of Langerhans

35. Match column-I  with column-II and select the correct option: 

	Column-I		Column-II
a.	Adhering junctions	(i)	Prevent the leaking of substances across the tissue
b.	Gap junctions	(ii)	Rapid transfer of ions, small molecules between adjoining cells
c.	Synapse	(iii)	Perform cementing to keep neighboring cells together
d.	Tight junctions	(iv)	Transmit information through chemicals to other cells

1. a(iii), b(iv), c(ii), d(i) 
2. a(ii), b(iii), c(iv), d(i)
3. a(iii), b(ii), c(i), d(iv)
4. a(iii), b(ii), c(iv), d(i)   

36.

The human skull has 22 bones with ..................cranial bones and ............................ facial bones
1. 10,12                           
2. 14,8
3. 12,10                           
4. 8,14

37. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): 

Assertion (A):	Dietary proteins are the source of essential amino acids.
Reason (R):	All essential amino acids are aromatic.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is True but (R) is False.
4.	Both (A) and (R) are False.

38. Identify the given nitrogenous base:

1.	Thymine	2.	Uracil
3.	Adenine	4.	Guanine

39.

Parathyroid hormone works antagonistic with

40.

Which of the following is true about Glycerol
1.It is trihydroxy propane
2.Fatty acids are esterified with glycerol
3.It forms the backbone of phospholipids
4.All of these

41.

Which of the following hormone acts on the smooth muscles of our body and regulates its contraction?
1. vasopressin
2. Oxytocin
3. Gonadotrophins
4. Gulcocorticoids

42.

Assertion (A):	Insects are called uricotelic.
Reason (R):	They absorb nitrogenous waste products and convert them into urea.

 

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true, but (R) is false.
4.	(A) is false, but (R) is true.

43. A patient is suffering from autoimmune disorder affecting neuromusular junction lading to fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle. He is suffering from 
1. Tetany 
2. Myasthenia gravis 
3. Muscular dystrophy 
4. Muscular spasm

44.

Which of the following class of enzymes helps in catalysing a transfer of a group (other than hydrogen) between a pair of substrates?
1. Ligases
2. Lyases
3. Transferases
4. Hydrolases

45.

During muscle contraction, the length of which of the following remains the same?
1. I-Band
2. H-Zone
3. Sarcomere
4. A-Band

46.

Long protein chain folded upon itself like a hollow woolen ball and gives us a 3-dimensional view of a protein belongs to

1.	Primary structure	2.	Secondary structure
3.	Tertiary structure	4.	Quaternary structure

47. The total volume of air present in the lungs after maximum inspiration is 
1. ERV + TV + IRV 
2. RV + ERV + TV + IRV 
3. IC - FRC 
4. IC + ERV

48. Trachea divides into right and left 
1. Secondary bronchi 
2. Tertiary bronchi 
3. Bronchioles 
4. Primary bronchi

49.

Cell junctions- which option is wrong according to your knowledge about cell junctions?

1.	Provide structural link
2.	Provide functional link
3.	Loose junctions, a type of junctions to facilitate transport
4.	Three types of cell junctions in epithelium and other tissue

50.

Which of the following is an accumulation and release centre of neurohormones?
1. Posterior pituitary lobe
2. Intermediate lobe of the pituitary
3. Hypothalamus 
4. Anterior pituitary lobe

51.

The monomer of nucleic acid is
(1)nucleotides
(2)nucleosides
(3)nucleus
(4)Both 1 and 2 

52.

The development of secondary sexual characters in females is primarily controlled by:
1. Estrogen
2. Progesterone
3. LH
4. FSH

53.

Given below are four statements (a-d) regarding human blood circulatory system:
a). Arteries are thick-walled and have narrow lumen as compared to veins
b). Angina is acute chest pain when the blood circulation to the brain is reduced
c). Persons with blood group AB can donate blood to any person with any blood group under ABO system
d). Calcium ions play a very important role in blood clotting
Which two of the above statements are correct? 
1. (a) & (d) 
2. (a) & (b) 
3. (b) & (c) 
4. (c) & (d)

54.

Chondrichthyes differ from osteichthyes as former possess
(1) Operculum
(2) Air bladder
(3) Placoid scales
(4) Two-chambered heart

55.

When the co-factor is removed from the enzyme, the catalytic activity:
1. is lost.
2. is reduced.
3. is increased.
4. is unaffected.

56. Assertion (A): Red fibers can also be called aerobic muscles.
Reason (R): They undergo an anaerobic process for energy production.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

57. Match the disorders in Column-I with their correct causes in Column-II:

	Column-I		Column-II
a.	Diabetes insipidus	(i)	Hyperthyroidism
b.	Graves’ disease	(ii)	Deficiency of vasopressin
c.	Addison’s disease	(iii)	Hyposecretion of hormones of the adrenal medulla
		(iv)	Hyposecretion of corticoids

Select the correct option:
1. a(ii), b(iii), c(i)
2. a(iii), b(i), c(iv)
3. a(ii), b(i), c(iv)
4. a(ii), b(i), c(iii)

58. Match the items listed in column-I with column-II.

	Column -I		Column-II
a.	Cellulose	(i)	Storehouse of energy in plants
b.	Inulin	(ii)	Exoskeleton of arthropods
c.	Starch	(iii)	Polymer of fructose
d.	Chitin	(iv)	Structural element of plant cell wall

Choose the correct option.
1. a(iii), b(iv), c(i), d(ii)
2. a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i)
3. a(iv), b(ii), c(iii), d(i)
4. a(iv), b(iii), c(i), d(ii)

59.

Fibres of muscle tissue are composed of :
(1) Chondrocytes
(2) Myofibrils
(3) Fibroblasts
(4) lacunae

60.

Appendicular skeleton does not carry

61.

Which one of the following pairs of nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids, is wrongly matched
with the category mentioned against it?
1. Thymine, Uracil         - Pyrimidines
2. Uracil, Cytosine         - Pyrimidines
3. Guanine, Adenine      - Purines
4. Adenine, Thymine     - Purines

62.

Adenine and guanine are:
1. Substituted purines
2. Substituted pyrimidines
3. Deoxyribonucleosides
4. Ribonucleotides

63. The type of epithelium normally found at the ‘diffusion boundary’ in human body is:
1. Simple squamous
2. Simple cuboidal
3. Simple columnar
4. Ciliated columnar

64.

The "sodium-potassium pump" pumps ______.
1. sodium ions out and potassium ions in
2. sodium ions in and potassium ions out
3. sodium and potassium ions in
4. sodium and potassium ions out

65.

The polarity of the membrane at site A is reversed ie inside of the membrane becomes changed from negative to positive

66.

GnRH, a hypothalamic hormone, needed in reproduction, acts on

1.	anterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of LH and oxytocin
2.	anterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of LH and FSH
3.	posterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of oxytocin and FSH
4.	posterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of LH and relaxin

67. Identify the correct statements:

a:	Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
b:	Fungal cell walls are made of chitin.
c:	True bacterial cell walls are made of lipopolysaccharides.
d:	Archaeal cell walls are made of sporopollenin.

1. Only a and b
2. Only a and c
3. Only b and c
4. Only c and d

68. Given below are the pathways for control of a body function by two hormones to maintain homeostasis. Identify the correct ones:
A: A decrease in blood calcium leads to secretion of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland that causes an increase in blood calcium level; an increase in blood calcium level leads to secretion of thyrocalcitonin by thyroid gland that causes a decrease in blood calcium level.
B: A decrease in GFR blood flow/blood pressure causes release of rennin and formation of angiotensin II that causes vasodilation correcting GFR; an increase in blood flow to atria/blood pressure causes release of ANF that causes vasoconstriction.
C: A decrease in blood glucose leads to secretion of glucagon which retards the uptake of blood glucose by body cells; an increase in blood glucose leads to secretion of insulin that promotes the uptake of glucose by body cells.
1. Only A and B
2. Only A and C
3. Only B and C
4. A, B and C

69. For conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, which of the following is required? 
1. Fibrinogen 
2. Vitamin K 
3. Proconvertin 
4. Thrombokinase

70.

Which of the following is a mismatch?

1.	Amphibia	: Moist skin without scales, eyes have eyelids, sexes are separate and external fertilization
2.	Osteichthyes	: 4 pair of gills; skin covered with cycloid/ctenoid scales, air bladder is present
3.	Cyclostomata	: Elongated body bearing 6-15 pairs of gill slits, closed type circulation; have paired fins
4.	Reptilia	: Body covered by dry and cornified scales, internal fertilization and direct development

71.

The clitellum is a distinct part in the body of earthworm, it is found in
1.  segment 13-14-15
2.  segment 14-15-16
3.  segment 12-13-14
4.  segment 15-16-17

72.

Read the statement and choose the option that correctly fills the blank. Main nitrogenous waste excreted by land snails is___________.
1. Urea
2. Ammonia
3. TMAO
4. Uric acid

73.

About _____ % of the body is the skeletal muscle and about _____ % is the smooth and cardiac muscle.
(1) 20, 10
(2) 40, 10
(3) 50, 05
(4) 30, 20

74. The respiratory system consists of a conducting part and an exchange part. What is the primary function of the conducting part?

1.	It facilitates diffusion of gases between the blood and alveoli.
2.	It transports air to the alveoli while filtering, humidifying, and warming it.
3.	It actively absorbs oxygen from inhaled air and expels carbon dioxide.
4.	It directly participates in gas exchange at the tissue level.

75. Which one of the following statements is correct?

1.	Increased ventricular pressure causes closing of the semilunar valves.
2.	The atrio-ventricular node (AVN) generates an action potential to stimulate atrial contraction.
3.	The tricuspid and the bicuspid valves open due to the pressure exerted by the simultaneous contraction of the atria.
4.	Blood moves freely from atrium to the ventricle during joint diastole.

76.

Cotton fibres mainly contain:
1. cellulose           
2. glycogen
3. protein             
4. lipid

77.

ATP is hydrolysed by:-
1. Myosin head
2. Myosin tail
3. Tropomyosin
4. Troponin

78.

The macromolecules from cytoplasm and organelles become the
(1)Acid insoluble bool
(2)Acid soluble pool
(3)Both A and B
(4)Basic Soluble pool

79.

The organism in which organ system level of body organization is found are

80.

Which one of the following hormones is not involved in sugar metabolism?
1. Cortisone
2. Aldosterone
3. Insulin
4. Glucagon

81.

The useful purpose served by lactate fermentation is:

1.	Make lactose available for gluconeogenesis
2.	Production of additional ATP in anaerobic conditions
3.	Regeneration of NAD+
4.	Increased availability of oxygen for the skeletal muscle

82.

Maturation of lymphocytes takes place in

83. Identify the group where all given animals are warm blooded [homoiothermous]:

1.	Aptenodytes, Struthio, Pteropus, Macaca
2.	Neophron, Columba, Crocodilus, Testudo
3.	Balaeonoptera, Equus, Psittacula, Salamandra
4.	Corvus, Marcopus, Naja, Hyla

84.

Antiparallel strands of a DNA molecule means that:
1. one strand turns anti-clockwise
2. the phosphate groups of two DNA strands, at their ends, share the same position
3. the phosphate groups at the start of two DNA strands are in opposite position (pole)
4. one strand turns clockwise

85.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is released by

86. Specific receptors of the vestibular apparatus responsible for maintenance of balance of the body and posture are called:
1. Utricle and Saccule
2. Crista and Macula
3. Macula and Fovea
4. Organ of Corti and Sterocilia

87.

Ammonia is converted into urea in which of the following organs of Ureotelic organisms?
1.Liver
2.Kidney
3.Urinary bladder
4.Gut
अमोनिया यूरिया उत्सर्जी जीवों के निम्नलिखित अंगों में से किसमें अमोनिया यूरिया में परिवर्तित होता है?
1.यकृत
2.वृक्क
3.मूत्राशय 
4. आहारनाल
  

88.

Example of addition polymer is:
1. Buna-S
2. Bakelite
3. Nylon-6
4. Melmac

89.

Which of the following is not associated with epithelium?

1.	Cells are compactly packed with little intercellular space
2.	It is highly vascularized
3.	It forms covering or lining of external and internal surfaces
4.	It helps in protection, secretion, absorption, respiration, etc.

90.

The value of ${\mathrm{pO}}_2$ in deoxygenated blood is equal to the value of
(1) ${\mathrm{pCO}}_2$ in atmospheric air
(2) ${\mathrm{pO}}_2$in alveoli
(3) ${\mathrm{pCO}}_2$in deoxygenated blood
(4) ${\mathrm{pCO}}_2$in oxygenated blood

91. Read the following statements 

A.	All chordates and a few non-chordates have a closed circulatory system
B.	SAN sets the pace of activities of the heart
C.	The cardiac cycle is formed by sequential events in the heart which is cyclically repeated
D.	The electrical activity of the heart can be recorded from the body surface by using an electrocardiogram and the recording is called electrocardiography

Choose the option representing correct statements only 
1. (a) and (b) 
2. (b) and (c) 
3. (c) and (d) 
4. (a) and (d) 

92. Type of joint where flat skull bones fuse end to end with the help of dense fibrous connective tissue is called 

1.	Synovial joint
2.	Cartilaginous joint
3.	Gliding joint
4.	Fibrous joint

93. K_m value of an enzyme signifies the substrate concentration at which the enzyme catalyzed reaction:
1. achieves Vmax
2. achieves ½ Vmax
3. is not affected by the presence of a competitive inhibitor
4. stops

94.

Which of the following is a temporary endocrine gland in the human body?
1. pineal gland   
2. corpus cardiacum
3. corpus Luteum
4. corpus allatum

95.

Choose the wrong statement

1.	CO2 is the harmful molecule and released during catabolic reactions
2.	respiration will always require O2
3.	Breathing is a part of respiration
4.	All of the above

96. Consider the given two statements:

Assertion (A):	Flatworms have a dorso-ventrally flattened body.
Reason (R):	They are mostly endoparasites.

 

1.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A).
3.	(A) is True; (R) is False
4.	Both (A) and (R) are False

97.

In sea urchin DNA, which is double stranded 17% of the bases were shown to be cytosine.
The percentages of the other three bases expected to be present in this DNA are
(1) G 8.5%, A 50%, T 24.5%
(2) G 34%, A 24.5%, T 24.5%
(3) G 17%, A 16.5%, T 32.5%
(4) G 17%, A 33%, T 33%

98.

Selective secretion of which of the following ions does not take place in PCT?
1.Hydrogen ions
2.Ammonia
3.Potassium ions
4.Chloride ions

99.

The reflex arc ends at:
1. sensory neuron
2. motor neuron
3. effector
4. receptor

100.

Cockroaches are