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1. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding Archaea?

1.	Archaea have a similar cell wall structure to bacteria.
2.	Archaea are known for their ability to survive in extreme conditions.
3.	Archaea contain peptidoglycan in their cell wall composition.
4.	Archaea have membrane bound organelles.

2. Consider the given two statements:

Statement I:	Categories like species, genus and families are based on the aggregates of characters.
Statement II:	Order and other higher taxonomic categories are identified based on a number of similar characters.

1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect   
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct

3.

Which one of the following belongs to the family Muscidae?

1.	Cockroach	2.	House fly
3.	Fire fly	4.	Grasshopper

4. Regarding scapula and its articulations:

1.	The scapula is a small, irregular bone located in the anterior part of the thorax.
2.	The spine of the scapula projects as the acromion, which articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.
3.	The clavicle articulates with the acromion process of the scapula, while the glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus.
4.	The scapula is a flat bone situated between the second and twelfth ribs.

5.

The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70-80%) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?
1. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
2. Distal convoluted tubule
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Descending limb of the loop of Henle

6. Which of the following ranks in the taxonomic hierarchy is immediately above the genus?

1.	Family	2.	Order
3.	Species	4.	Class

7. Identify the correct statements regarding nephrons in human kidney:

I:	There are nearly one million nephrons in each kidney.
II:	The Malpighian corpuscle, PCT and DCT of the nephron are located in the renal medulla.

1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

8. A collagenous connective tissue on the surface of muscles holding together the fasciles is known as:

1.	fascia	2.	perimysium
3.	endomysium	4.	sarcolemma

9. Match each item in Column-I with one item in Column-II and select the best match from the codes given:

	Column-I		Column-II
A.	Ball and Socket Joint	P.	Knee
B.	Hinge Joint	Q.	Shoulder
C.	Pivot Joint	R.	Thumb
D.	Saddle Joint	S.	Neck

Codes:

	A	B	C	D
1.	P	Q	R	S
2.	Q	P	R	S
3.	Q	P	S	R
4.	P	Q	S	R

10. The taxonomic category - Order Primata – includes all of the following animals except:
1. Monkey
2. Gorilla
3. Gibbon
4. Tiger

11. The glomerular filtration rate:

I:	is the volume of plasma that is filtered by the glomeruli per unit of time.
II:	is estimated to be about 125 ml/day.

1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Neither I nor II are correct
4. Both I and II are correct

12. In the hierarchical classification, as we go higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics among organisms:

1.	Increases	2.	Fluctuates
3.	Remains constant	4.	Decreases

13. In the given figure showing taxonomic hierarchy for living organisms:      

I:	A would be Solanum for potato.
II:	B would be Muscidae for housefly.
III:	C would be Primata for humans.
IV:	D would be phylum for animals and division for plants.

1. Only I, II and III are incorrect
2. Only I, III and IV are incorrect
3. Only II, III and IV are incorrect
4. I, II, III and IV are incorrect

14. Match each item in Column I with the one in Column II and select the correct match from the codes given:

	Column-I [Kingdom]		Column-II [Cell wall]
A.	Monera	P.	Absent
B.	Fungi	Q.	Chitinous
C.	Plantae	R.	Polysaccharide + amino acid
D.	Animalia	S.	Cellulosic

Codes:

	A	B	C	D
1.	R	S	Q	P
2.	R	Q	S	P
3.	Q	S	R	P
4.	P	Q	R	S

15. The average pH of human urine is approximately:
1. 8
2. 7
3. 6
4. 7.5

16.

"Canis sp." means:
1. an unspecified species of the genus Canis
2. two or more species of the genus Canis
3. an unspecified sub-species of the genus Canis
4. two or more sub-species of the genus Canis

17.

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
1. Production of erythrocytes
2. Storage of minerals
3. Production of body heat
4. Locomotion

18. Consider the given two statements:

Statement I:	ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the nephron.
Statement II:	ADH secretion is stimulated when blood osmolarity decreases.

 

1.	Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct.
2.	Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect.
3.	Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct.
4.	Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect.

19. Consider the given two statements:

Statement I:	Vertebral column in a human adult is formed by 33 serially arranged units called vertebrae and is dorsally placed.
Statement II:	Each vertebra has a central hollow portion (neural canal) through which the spinal cord passes.

1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
2. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
3. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect

20. Consider the given statements:

I:	The human skeletal system consists of 206 bones.
II:	The femur is the longest bone in the human body.
III:	Cartilaginous joints are immovable.

1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct

21. Urine formation involves three main processes, including all of the following, except:
1. Glomerular filtration
2. Reabsorption
3. Tubular secretion
4. Synthesis of urea by JG cells

22.

Select the correct statement:

1.	Atrial Natriuretic Factor increases the blood pressure.
2.	Angiotensin II is a powerful vasodilator.
3.	Counter current pattern of blood flow is not observed in vasa recta.
4.	Reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate activates JG cells to release renin.

23. Consider the given statements:

I:	Lion, leopard and tiger belong to the same species
II:	Lion, leopard, tiger and cats belong to same genus
III:	Lion, leopard, tiger, cats and dogs belong to same family

 

1.	Only III is correct	2.	Only II is correct
3.	Only I is incorrect	4.	I, II and III are incorrect

24. The H-zone within a sarcomere can be best described as:

1.	The entire length of myosin filaments
2.	The region lacking overlap between actin and myosin filaments
3.	The region where Z-lines and M-lines overlap
4.	The boundary of each sarcomere

25.

	Column-I		Column-II
A.	Family	(i)	Diptera
B.	Order	(ii)	Arthropoda
C.	Class	(iii)	Muscidae
D.	Phylum	(iv)	Insecta

26. In the systematic organization and classification of living organisms, the hierarchical structure known as the taxonomic hierarchy includes various levels of classification. Which among the following taxonomic ranks, positioned between the class and family, plays a crucial role in the precise identification and naming of species within the Linnaean system?
1. Phylum
2. Order
3. Genus
4. Species

27. Juxta glomerular apparatus is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:

1.	proximal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at the point of their contact.
2.	distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at the point of their contact.
3.	proximal convoluted tubule and the efferent arteriole at the point of their contact.
4.	distal convoluted tubule and the efferent arteriole at the point of their contact.

28. In a healthy adult human being, on an average:

1.	about 25 – 30 mg of urea is excreted out per day
2.	125 ml per minute urine is produced
3.	about 200 L carbon dioxide is removed by the lungs per minute
4.	1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute

29. Consider the given two statements:

Statement I:	Archaebacteria can survive in extreme conditions.
Statement II:	Methanogens are archaebacteria.

 

1.	Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
2.	Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
3.	Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
4.	Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect

30. Which of the following organisms is not matched with the correct nature of the cell wall present in their cell/cells?

	Organism	Nature of cell wall
1.	True bacterium	Polysaccharide + Amino acid
2.	Fungus	With chitin
3.	Euglenoids	Cellulosic
4.	Diatoms	Embedded with silica

31.

Slime molds:

1.	form plasmodium that differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips during unfavourable conditions.
2.	form plasmodium that differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips during favourable conditions.
3.	form plasmodium under favourable conditions and the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips during unfavourable conditions.
4.	form plasmodium under unfavourable conditions and the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips during favourable conditions.

32. Consider the given two statements regarding the cycle of events taking place during skeletal muscle contraction:

Statement I:	The myosin, hydrolysing ATP into ADP and Pi goes back to its relaxed state.
Statement II:	Cross bridge is broken when myosin releases ADP and Pi.

1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
2. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
3. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect

33. Fungal cell walls are distinct from plant and bacterial cell walls because they are composed of:

1.	Chitin, which provides structural strength.
2.	Cellulose, similar to plants.
3.	Peptidoglycan, like bacterial cell walls.
4.	Keratin, which makes them resistant to degradation.

34. The two-kingdom classification system was primarily challenged because it did not account for:
1. Microorganisms
2. Aquatic and terrestrial plants
3. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
4. Autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms

35. Match List I with List II: 

	List I		List II
A.	Fibrous joints	I.	Adjacent vertebrae, limited movement
B.	Cartilaginous joints	II.	Humerus and Pectoral girdle, rotational movement
C.	Hinge joints	III.	Skull, don't allow any movement
D.	Ball and socket joints	IV.	Knee, help in locomotion

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
2. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
4. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I

36. Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by:
1. Vasa recta
2. Peritubular capillary network
3. Efferent arteriole
4. Afferent arteriole

37. During muscle contraction, the energy required for the process is derived from ATP hydrolysis. Which component of the sarcomere is directly responsible for utilizing this energy for contraction?
1. Actin
2. Myosin
3. Tropomyosin
4. Troponin

38.

Five kingdom system of classification suggested by R.H. Whittaker is based on:
1. Complexity of body organisation
2. Mode of reproduction
3. Mode of nutrition
4. All of the above

39. Nostoc:

I:	is a cyanobacterium.
II:	is photosynthetic autotroph.
III:	is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen.

1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct

40.

Which of the following statements is correct?
1. Lichens do not grow in polluted areas.
2. Algal component of lichens is called mycobiont
3. Fungal component of lichens is called phycobiont
4. Lichens are not good pollution indicators.