Masterclass Part Test 2 - Class 12th Syllabus

1.

Apart from DDT, what else is known to undergo biological magnification in aquatic food chain?

1.	Nitrates	2.	Phosphates
3.	Mercury	4.	Calcium

2.

A cloning vector must:

1.	be able to maintain a very high copy numbers of their genome in the host cells
2.	contain elements such as promoter and ribosome binding sites
3.	be engineered to carry a large number of recognition sequences for common restriction enzymes
4.	be able to replicate within host cell independent of the control of chromosomal DNA

3.

In north India, a sugarcane farmer would be best advised to grow:

1.	Saccharum barberi
2.	Saccharum officinarum
3.	A hybrid of Saccharum barberi and Saccharum officinarum
4.	A hybrid of Saccharum officinarum and a grass Aegilops squarrosa

4.

Lactic Acid Bacteria can check the growth of disease causing:

1.	Bacillus clausii	2.	Helicobacter pylori
3.	Saccharomyces boulardii	4.	Clostridium butyricum

5.

Identify the option where all columns are correctly matched:

	Crop	Variety	Resistant to
1.	Rapeseed mustard	Pusa Sawani	Shoot and fruit borer
2.	Chilli	Himgiri	Chilli mosaic virus
3.	Cauliflower	Pusa Shubhra	Bacterial blight
4.	Flat bean	Pusa Sem 2	Aphids

6.

In breeding a new genetic variety of a crop, the immediate usual requirement after the superior recombinant has been selected is:
1. to create a pure line
2. evaluation in research fields
3. testing in farmer’s fields
4. applying for a patent

7.

Interferon alpha, used in the treatment of certain cancers, acts as:
1. Immunosuppressant
2. Biological response modifiers
3. Mitochondrial anti-oxidants
4. Monoclonal antibodies

8.

The microenvironment for the development and maturation of T lymphocytes is provided by:
I. Bone marrow
II. Thymus
III. Spleen

1.	Only II	2.	Only III
3.	Only I and II	4.	I, II and III

9.

Plasmid pUC18 carries lacZ gene that confers the host cells to convert white X-gal into blue indole. A gene is inserted within the lacZ gene of the plasmid. Bacterial cells transformed with this rDNA, if provided with X-gal in the medium, will produce:

1.	Blue colonies
2.	White colonies
3.	No colonies
4.	Orange colonies if seen through UV light

10.

The underlying basis of the Polymerase Chain Reaction is:

1.	DNA synthesis and hence amplification can occur in a template independent manner.
2.	DNA, being thermostable, can be amplified during the thermal cycle in PCR.
3.	DNA polymerase I can synthesize large amounts of DNA.
4.	PCR allows the direct amplification of DNA even if it is present in minute quantities.

11.

Modern catalytic converters in automobiles are capable of:

I:	Oxidation of carbon, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide
II:	Oxidation of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen (N₂)

1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

12.

Sacred groves, found in Khasi and Jaintia Hills, are located in the Indian state of:

1.	Arunachal Pradesh	2.	Chhattisgarh
3.	Meghalaya	4.	West Bengal

13.

David Tilman conducted long-term ecosystem experiments using outdoor plots. His findings include:

I:	Plots with more species showed less year-to-year variation in total biomass.
II:	Increased biodiversity contributed to higher productivity.

1.	Only I	2.	Only II
3.	Both I and II	4.	Neither I nor II

14.

The primary objective of the secondary treatment of sewage water is:

1.	the removal of coarse solids and other large materials often found in raw wastewater.
2.	the removal of settleable organic and inorganic solids by sedimentation, and the removal of materials that will float by skimming.
3.	production of biogas that can be used as an efficient fuel, especially in rural households.
4.	the removal of biodegradable dissolved and colloidal organic matter using aerobic biological treatment processes.

15.

Fleming first observed the antibiotic properties of the mould that makes penicillin. But the credit to develop it into a useful treatment goes to:

1.	Selman Waksman	2.	Florey and Chain
3.	Beadle and Tatum	4.	Zinder and Lederberg

16.

The ‘eyes’ [round holes] seen in Swiss cheese are due to:

1.	bubbles of carbon dioxide that are produced by bacteria in the cheese.
2.	the metabolisation of citrate by citrate-positive strains of lactococci.
3.	fermentation of lactose into lactic acid by bacteria.
4.	added rennet that causes precipitation of milk protein casein.

17.

Cyclosporin A is used in people who have received an organ graft because it primarily lowers the activity of:
1. Macrophages
2. B lymphocytes
3. T lymphocytes
4. Bone marrow

18.

DNA fragments digested by restriction endonucleases separate on agar gel electrophoresis according to their size because:

1.	they are forced to move towards cathode under an electric field
2.	agar gel provides a sieving effect
3.	larger fragments will have more negative charge and will move farther in the electric field
4.	chelation with ethidium bromide reduce the rate of transport of fragments

19.

A hybridization probe used in molecular diagnosis is commonly tagged with a radioactive isotope to allow for its visualization. A common such radioactive isotope that can be used is:

1.	⁶⁰Co	2.	³²P
3.	¹⁵N	4.	¹³¹I

20.

The main challenge for production of insulin using rDNA techniques was:

1.	to find a suitable host cell that can perform RNA splicing
2.	isolation of a copy of gene from the human DNA
3.	getting insulin assembled into a mature form
4.	downstream processing

21.

The abuse of which of the following is least likely to cause hallucinations?

1.	Cocaine	2.	Atropine
3.	Datura	4.	Benzodiazepine

22.

Metastasis shown by malignant tumors:

1.	is due to contact inhibition exhibited by cells.
2.	causes cells to remain undifferentiated.
3.	makes cancer cells susceptible to be killed by radiation.
4.	can start secondary tumors at distant sites in the body.

23.

After a few years of being diagnosed with HIV infection, a person develops tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, diarrhea, and significant weight loss. This is most likely due to:

1.	A cytokine storm in the body
2.	A decrease in B lymphocytes count
3.	A decrease in T helper cells count
4.	A side effect of anti-retroviral therapy given

24.

Regarding competence for bacterial cell transformation:

I:	Natural competence is not seen in bacterial cells as DNA is hydrophilic and a large molecule.
II:	Competence can be induced in bacterial cells with the help of divalent cations and brief heat shock.

1. Only I is correct.
2. Only II is correct.
3. Both I and II are correct.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.

25.

Agrobacterium mediation is least likely to be successful when used to create transgenic:

1.	Sugar cane	2.	Cotton
3.	Tobacco	4.	Tomato

26.

A mean annual temperature of 20 to 25⁰C and a mean annual precipitation of 150 to 410 cm are characteristics of the biome:
1. Tropical forest
2. Coniferous forest
3. Grassland
4. Temperate forest

27.

In the Verhulst-Pearl logistic model of population growth, the determinant which increases as the population increases towards the carrying capacity will be:

1.	r	2.	N
3.	K	4.	[K – N] / K

28.

In plants the most common morphological defense against herbivory is:

1.	Secondary metabolites	2.	Silica deposits in tissues
3.	Thorns	4.	Trichomes

29.

The distribution of a species is found to expand dramatically when the competitive superior species is removed from the area. This is called as:

1.	Competitive exclusion	2.	Competitive release
3.	Interference competition	4.	Exploitative competition

30.

Two intermediate hosts used by human liver fluke to complete its life cycle are:
1. a snail and a fish
2. an arthropod and a mollusk
3. a fish and a reptile
4. a nematode and a flatworm

31.

Symptoms of allergy in a person can be reduced with the help of the following except:

1.	Adrenaline	2.	Steroids
3.	Anti-histamines	4.	Antibiotics

32.

In the human body, the malaria parasite first multiplies in:

1.	RBC
2.	Hepatocytes
3.	Hepatic sinusoids
4.	Lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs

33.

Non-specific response to microbes that enter the human body involves the response of all the following except:

1.	T lymphocyte	2.	Neutrophil
3.	Macrophage	4.	Natural Killer cell

34.

Recombinant vaccine used to prevent Hepatitis B contains:
1. killed hepatitis B virus
2. live attenuated hepatitis B virus
3. antigenic polypeptide of hepatitis B virus
4. messenger RNA of yeast

35.

A person has a contaminated wound after a road traffic accident. He has not received tetanus toxoid in his life and was given tetanus immunoglobulin. The type of immunity that will be conferred to this person will be:
1. passive natural immunity.
2. active natural immunity.
3. active artificial immunity.
4. passive artificial immunity.

36.

Fecal-oral route is not involved in the transmission of:

1.	Polio	2.	Amoebic dysentery
3.	Ascariasis	4.	Filariasis

37.

Provided it is carried out in an environmentally friendly manner, the only solution for the treatment of e-waste is:
1. Recycling
2. Incineration
3. Sanitary landfills
4. Burying deep in earth

38.

What is common to Lates niloticus, Lantana Camara, and Parthenium hysterophorus?

1.	They all have caused the extinction of a large number of indigenous species in India.
2.	They have been extinct in the wild in the past 200 years.
3.	Transgenic varieties of these organisms are used to harvest therapeutic products.
4.	They are all examples of alien species that have become invasive in some environments where they were introduced.

39.

Exploring molecular, genetic, and species-level diversity for products of economic importance unethically appropriated and without fair compensation to indigenous people is called:

1.	Bioprospecting	2.	Bioremediation
3.	Biopiracy	4.	Biofortification

40.

Human interference in the phosphorus cycle by overuse or careless use of phosphorus fertilizers can most commonly lead to:
1. increased soil salinity
2. accelerated eutrophication of water bodies
3. desertification
4. soil erosion and nutrient depletion

41.

An example of chemosynthetic based ecosystems where primary productivity is fuelled by chemical compounds as energy sources instead of light will be:
1. Benthic region in an ocean
2. Permafrost
3. Hydrothermal vents
4. Mangroves

42.

Which of the following ‘flows’ through an ecosystem and does not ‘cycle’?

1.	Water	2.	Nitrogen
3.	Energy	4.	Carbon

43.

Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of polio vaccine. They could replace the use of:

1.	Monkeys	2.	Rabbits
3.	Fowl	4.	Frogs

44.

In animal breeding, an outcross is performed for all the following except:
1. Creating pure lines
2. Overcoming inbreeding depression
3. Increasing milk production
4. Increasing growth rate in beef cattle

45.

A plant disease not caused by a fungal pathogen will be:

1.	Brown rust of wheat	2.	Black rot of crucifers
3.	Red rot of sugarcane	4.	Late blight of potato

46.

Atlas 66 is:

1.	a variety of maize with abundant lysine and tryptophan
2.	a variety of wheat having a high protein content
3.	vitamin C-enriched bitter gourd
4.	an iron-fortified rice variety

47.

Microorganism used as source of single cell protein have many advantages over the traditional methods for producing proteins for food which includes all the following except:
1. Microorganisms have a much higher growth rate
2. Microorganisms usually have a much higher protein content of 30–70% in the dry mass than vegetables or grains.
3. Some microorganisms can build vitamins and nutrients which eukaryotic organisms such as plants cannot produce.
4. Fast growing microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast have a high concentration of nucleic acid, notably RNA.

48.

Consider the given two statements:

I:	Humus has the ability to store nutrients.
II:	Humus is a colloidal substance and increases the cation-exchange capacity of the soil.

1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct but II is incorrect.
4. I is incorrect but II is correct.

49.

On the land, almost all primary production is performed by:

1.	Phytoplanktons	2.	Algae
3.	Mosses and Liverworts	4.	Vascular plants

50.

Consider the given two statements:

I:	Human burning of fossil fuels today is creating large contemporary imbalances in the carbon cycle.
II:	It has significantly increased the rate of release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

1.	Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2.	Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3.	I is correct but II is incorrect.
4.	I is incorrect but II is correct.

51.

If we put a price tag on nature’s life-support services, about 50 % of the total cost will be accounted for by:
1. Recreation and nutrient cycling
2. Soil formation
3. Climate regulation
4. Habitat for wildlife

52.

Secondary productivity in an ecosystem can be defined as:

1.	The amount of chemical energy, typically expressed as carbon biomass, that primary producers create in a given length of time.
2.	The rate at which all the autotrophs in an ecosystem produce net useful chemical energy.
3.	The rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers.
4.	The amount of energy released by the action of detritivores and decomposers in an ecosystem.

53.

Golden rice was created by:

1.	hybridization of institutional rice varieties with wild varieties
2.	mutation breeding using gamma rays
3.	by transforming rice with two beta-carotene biosynthesis genes, one from a eukaryote and another from a prokaryote
4.	by transforming rice with two beta-carotene biosynthesis genes from two different prokaryotes

54.

A good candidate for a possible gene therapy treatment will include all the following diseases except:

1.	SCID ADA deficiency	2.	Sickle cell anemia
3.	Down’s syndrome	4.	Cystic fibrosis

55.

Nematode [Meloidogyne incognita] specific genes were transferred to tobacco plant using:

1.	Retroviral vectors	2.	Gene gun
3.	Agrobacterium mediation	4.	Micro-injection

56.

Corn borer can be controlled by the proteins encoded by Bacillus thuringiensis gene:

1.	cryIAb	2.	cryIAc
3.	cryIIAb	4.	cryIIIAc

57.

The first step to achieve somatic hybridization in plants will be:

1.	growing individual cells into callus
2.	fusion of two cells in the presence of polyethylene glycol
3.	converting plant cells into protoplast by cellulase
4.	growing plant cells in cytokinin

58.

If you want to regenerate virus-free plants in micropropagation, the best explants to choose will be:

1.	Embryo	2.	Meristem
3.	Anther	4.	Carpel

59.

Resistance to the yellow mosaic virus:

1.	was induced in mung bean and bhindi by mutation breeding
2.	was transferred in mung bean and bhindi from a wild variety
3.	was transferred in mung bean from a wild variety and induced in bhindi by mutation breeding
4.	was transferred in bhindi from a wild variety and induced in mung bean by mutation breeding

60.

Kalyan Sona and Sonalika are:
1. semi-dwarf varieties of wheat developed in India
2. semi-dwarf varieties of wheat introduced in India
3. semi-dwarf varieties of rice developed in India
4. semi-dwarf varieties of rice introduced in India

61.

Which of the following is not an example of a marine fish eaten in India?

1.	Common carp	2.	Mackerel
3.	Hilsa	4.	Sardines

62.

Biodiversity hotspots are characterized by:

1.	High number of endemic species and low threat of extinction
2.	Low number of endemic species and low threat of extinction
3.	Low number of endemic species and high threat of extinction
4.	High number of endemic species and high threat of extinction

63.

Consider the given two statements:

I:	Fragmentation of habitat is an important cause of extinction of species.
II:	Minor fluctuations in climate, resources or other factors can be catastrophic in small, isolated populations.

1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct but II is incorrect.
4. I is incorrect but II is correct.

64.

Ex-situ conservation will be most applicable to the animals placed in which of the following IUCN categories?
1. Vulnerable
2. Endangered
3. Threatened
4. Extinct in wild/Critically endangered

65.

Given below are the characteristics used in explaining higher biodiversity in tropics. Identify the one/s that is/are correctly matched:

I.	More speciation	Less seasonal, constant environment
II.	Niche specialization	Latitudes undisturbed for millions of years
III.	Higher productivity	More solar energy is available

1.	Only III	2.	Only I and III
3.	II only	4.	None are correctly matched

66.

On a logarithmic scale, the species-area relationship turns out to be a:

1.	Straight line	2.	Rectangular hyperbola
3.	Bell shaped	4.	U shaped

67.

Amongst the vertebrates, the maximum species number is found in:
1. Mammals
2. Birds
3. Fishes
4. Amphibians

68.

Match each item in Column I with one in column II and select the correct answer from the codes given:

	COLUMN I		COLUMN II
A	Dodo	P	Bird
B	Thylacine	Q	Zebra
C	Quagga	R	Marsupial
D	Steller’s sea cow	S	Aquatic mammal

Codes:

	A	B	C	D
1.	P	Q	R	S
2.	P	Q	S	R
3.	P	R	Q	S
4.	S	R	Q	P

69.

Of the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the Earth's surface, more than 95% is:
1. UV A
2. UV B
3. UV C
4. UV radiation reaching Earth has an equal percentage of UV A, UV B, and UV C

70.

El Nino, characterized by the warming of surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, is associated with:

1.	Lower than normal monsoons in India
2.	Higher than normal monsoons in India
3.	Near normal monsoons in India
4.	No effect on monsoons in India

71.

Since the pre-industrial period, global average land temperatures have increased almost twice as fast as global average surface temperatures. This may primarily be due to:

1.	Higher ocean area than land area receiving more incident solar radiation
2.	High heat capacity of water
3.	Industries being located on land
4.	Burning of fossil fuels by automobiles on the land

72.

EcoSan is a practical, hygienic, efficient, and cost-effective solution for the disposal of:
1. Radioactive wastes
2. Solid wastes
3. Plastic wastes
4. Human wastes

73. A therapeutic product that is used to prevent the risk of coronary artery disease by its effect on one of the risk factors is obtained from the microbe:
1. Trichoderma polysporum
2. Streptococcus pyogenes
3. Pseudomonas putida
4. Monascus purpureus

74.

Commercially citric acid can be produced with the help of:

1.	Aspergillus niger	2.	Tolypocladium inflatum
3.	Lactic Acid Bacillus	4.	Xanthomonas citri

75.

Baculoviruses can play an important role in overall Integrated Pest Management in an ecologically sensitive area because:

1.	They are effective against a large number of insects
2.	Their use can help in the conservation of beneficial insects
3.	They do not have any adverse effects on human health
4.	They are cost-effective and can be easily applied as sprays by the farmer

76.

Important biofertilizers in paddy fields are:
1. Cyanobacteria
2. Rhizobia
3. Frankia
4. Nitrobacter and Nitrosomanas

77.

Long-term steroid abuse in human males does not cause a decrease in:
1. size of testicles
2. sperm production
3. kidney and liver function
4. size of the prostate gland

78.

In the RT-PCR test used for diagnosing Covid-19, a higher cycle threshold [Ct] value indicates:

1.	a higher viral load in the sample
2.	a lower viral load in the sample
3.	time after which vaccine needs to be given
4.	the effectiveness of the antiviral medicines

79.

Downstream processing involves all the following except:

1.	Separation of the product	2.	Purification of the product
3.	Testing for quality	4.	Biosynthesis

80.

The name Genetic Engineering Approval Committee [GEAC] has been changed to:

1.	Genetic Engineering Advisory Committee
2.	Genetic Engineering Appellate Committee
3.	Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee
4.	Genetic Engineering Arbitration Committee

81.

An endoparasite in the human alimentary canal is expected to possess:

I:	Well-developed locomotion
II:	A means to protect itself against the digestive juices of humans
III:	A high reproductive capacity

1.	Only II	2.	Only I and II
3.	Only II and III	4.	I, II and III

82.

An apex predator feeding on five different species is experimentally removed. The expected effect on the area will be:

1.	An increase in the number of all the five species
2.	A decrease in the biodiversity
3.	One of the five species becomes the apex predator
4.	All five species die

83.

Abingdon tortoise got extinct from the Galapagos Islands because of:

1.	pollution caused by frequent visits by humans
2.	a volcanic eruption causing deposition of lava
3.	better browsing efficiency of introduced goats outcompeting them
4.	invasion by a predator from the nearby mainland

84.

A country is experiencing a mass exodus of its population due to an ongoing civil war. The growth rate of its population in the present scenario will primarily be decided by:

1.	Natality	2.	Mortality
3.	Emigration	4.	Immigration

85.

Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time called as the:
1. Standing crop
2. Standing state
3. Stratification
4. Ecosystem production

86.

Suppose in an area, the energy present in total incident sunlight falling on primary producers is 10,00,000 J and about 10,000 J is converted by them into biomass. What percent of PAR have the primary producers been able to convert?

1.	1 %	2.	2 %
3.	10 %	4.	20 %

87.

In primary ecological succession in water, the pioneers are:
1. Mosses
2. Lichens
3. Phytoplankton
4. Free floating hydrophytes

88.

Water [Prevention and Control of Pollution] Act was passed by the Government of India in:

1.	1974	2.	1981
3.	1987	4.	1992

89.

Noted environmentalist Sunder Lal Bahuguna died on 21st May 2021. His name is associated with:
1. Narmada Bachao movement
2. Bishnoi movement
3. Chipko movement
4. Silent valley movement

90.

ELISA is based on the principle of:

1.	Complementary hybridization of nucleic acids
2.	Antigen-antibody interaction
3.	Clonal selection
4.	Southern blot

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