Respiratory Organs
1. In humans, the process of respiration involves the following steps:
| A. |
Diffusion of gases across alveolar membrane |
| B. |
Diffusion of gases between blood and tissues |
| C. |
Transport of gases by blood |
| D. |
Utilisation of \(O_2\) by the cells for catabolic reactions |
| E. |
Breathing or pulmonary ventilation |
Choose the correct sequence of steps from the options given below:
| 1. |
A →E→B→C→D |
2. |
C →E→A→B→D |
| 3. |
B →D→C→E→A |
4. |
E →A→C→B→D |
2. Select the sequence of steps in respiration.
| (A) |
Diffusion of gases (O2 and CO2) across alveolar membrane |
| (B) |
Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues |
| (C) |
Transport of gases by the blood |
| (D) |
Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and CO2 rich alveolar air is released out |
| (E) |
Utilisation of O2 by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO2 |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| 1. |
(D), (A), (C), (B), (E) |
2. |
(C), (B), (A), (E), (D) |
| 3. |
(B), (C), (E), (D), (A) |
4. |
(A), (C), (B), (E), (D) |
3. Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because?
| 1. |
there is a negative pressure in the lungs |
| 2. |
there is a negative intrapleural pressure pulling at the lung walls |
| 3. |
there is a positive intrapleural pressure |
| 4. |
pressure in the lungs is higher than the atmospheric pressure |
4. The figure shows a diagrammatic view of the human respiratory system with labels A, B, C, and D. Select the option that gives the correct identification, main function, and/or characteristics:
| 1. |
B-pleural membrane- surrounds ribs on both sides to provide cushion against rubbing. |
| 2. |
C-alveoli-thin walled vascular bag-like structures for the exchange of gases. |
| 3. |
D-lower end of the lungs-diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration. |
| 4. |
A trachea-long tube supported by complete cartilaginous rings for conducting inspired air. |
Mechanism of Breathing
5. Match
List-I with
List-II:
|
List-I |
|
List-II |
| A. |
Residual volume |
I. |
Maximum volume of air that can be breathed in after forced expiration |
| B. |
Vital capacity |
II. |
Volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration |
| C. |
Expiratory capacity |
III. |
Volume of air remaining in lungs after forcible expiration |
| D. |
Tidal Volume |
IV. |
Total volume of air expired after normal inspiration |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-IV,B-III,C-II,D-I
2. A-II,B-IV,C-I,D-III
3. A-III,B-I,C-IV,D-II
4. A-I,B-II,C-III,D-IV
6. Match
List-I with
List-II:
|
List-I |
|
List-II |
| A. |
Expiratory capacity |
I. |
Expiratory reserve volume + Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume |
| B. |
Functional residual capacity |
II. |
Tidal volume + Expiratory reserve volume |
| C. |
Vital capacity |
III. |
Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume |
| D. |
Inspiratory capacity |
IV. |
Expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
2. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
3. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
4. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
7. Vital capacity of lung is
1. IRV + ERV + TV
2. IRV + ERV
3. IRV + ERV + TV + RV
4. IRV + ERV + TV - RV
8. Which of the following statements are correct with respect to vital capacity?
| (a) |
It includes ERV, TV and IRV |
| (b) |
Total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration |
| (c) |
The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after forced expiration |
| (d) |
It includes ERV, RV and IRV. |
| (e) |
The maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration. |
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
| 1. |
(b), (d) and (e) |
2. |
(a), (c) and (d) |
| 3. |
(a), (c) and (e) |
4. |
(a) and (e) |
9. The Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of forced inspiration.
This includes:
| 1. |
RV; IC (Inspiratory Capacity); EC (Expiratory Capacity); and ERV |
| 2. |
RV; ERV; IC and EC |
| 3. |
RV; ERV; VC (Vital Capacity) and FRC (Functional Residual Capacity) |
| 4. |
RV (Residual Volume); ERV (Expiratory Reserve Volume); TV (Tidal Volume); and IRV (Inspiratory Reserve Volume) |
10. Select the correct events that occur during inspiration.
(a) Contraction of diaphragm
(b) Contraction of external inter-costal muscles
(c) Pulmonary volume decreases
(d) Intra pulmonary pressure increases
| 1. |
(c) and (d) |
2. |
(a), (b) and (d) |
| 3. |
only (d) |
4. |
(a) and (b) |
11. Select the correct statement:
| 1. |
Expiration occurs due to external intercostal muscles. |
| 2. |
Intrapulmonary pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure during inspiration. |
| 3. |
Inspiration occurs when atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure. |
| 4. |
Expiration is initiated due to the contraction of the diaphragm. |
12. The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration is known as:
1. Expiratory Capacity
2. Vital Capacity
3. Inspiratory Capacity
4. Total Lung Capacity
13. Tidal Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume of an athlete is 500 mL and 1000 mL respectively. What will be his Expiratory Capacity if the Residual Volume is 1200 mL?
| 1. |
2700 mL |
2. |
1500 mL |
| 3. |
1700 mL |
4. |
2200 mL |
14. Match the items given
Column-I with those in
Column-II and select the correct option given below:
|
Column-I |
|
Column-II |
| (a) |
Tidal volume |
(i) |
2500-3000 mL |
| (b) |
Inspiratory Reserve |
(ii) |
1100-1200 mL volume |
| (c) |
Expiratory Reserve |
(iii) |
500-550 mL volume |
| (d) |
Residual volume |
(iv) |
1000-1100 mL |
| Options: |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
| 1. |
(iii) |
(ii) |
(i) |
(iv) |
| 2. |
(iii) |
(i) |
(iv) |
(ii) |
| 3. |
(i) |
(iv) |
(ii) |
(iii) |
| 4. |
(iv) |
(iii) |
(ii) |
(i) |
15. Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs, the alveoli. They do not collapse even after forceful expiration, because of:
1. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
2. Tidal Volume
3. Expiratory Reserve Volume
4. Residual Volume
Exchange of Gases
16. The partial pressures (in mm Hg) of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at alveoli (the site of diffusion) are :
1. pO2 = 95 and pCO2 = 40
2. pO2 = 159 and pCO2 = 0.3
3. pO2 = 104 and pCO2 = 40
4. pO2 = 40 and pCO2 = 45
17. Match the following columns and select the correct option:
|
Column-I |
|
Column-II |
| (a) |
Pneumotaxic Centre |
(i) |
Alveoli |
| (b) |
O2 Dissociation curve |
(ii) |
Pons region of the brain |
| (c) |
Carbonic Anhydrase |
(iii) |
Haemoglobin |
| (d) |
Primary site of exchange of gases |
(iv) |
R.B.C. |
| Options: |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
| 1. |
(i) |
(iii) |
(ii) |
(iv) |
| 2. |
(ii) |
(iii) |
(iv) |
(i) |
| 3. |
(iii) |
(ii) |
(iv) |
(i) |
| 4. |
(iv) |
(i) |
(iii) |
(ii) |
18. The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs is:
1. equal to that in the blood
2. more than that in the blood
3. less than that in the blood
4. less than that of carbon dioxide
Transport of Gases
19. Given below are two statements: One is labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as
Reason (R).
| Assertion (A): |
During the transporation of gases, about 20-25 percent of CO2 is carried by haemoglobin as carbamino-haemoglobin. |
| Reason (R): |
This binding is related to high pCO2 and low pO2 in the tissues |
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
| 1. |
(A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 2. |
(A) is False but (R) is True. |
| 3. |
Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 4. |
Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
20. Which of the following factors are favourable for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin in alveoli?
1. High \(\mathrm{pO}_2\) and Lesser \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) concentration
2. Low \(\mathrm{pCO}_2\) and High \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) concentration
3. Low \(\mathrm{pCO}_2\) and High temperature
4. High \(\mathrm{pO}_2\) and High \(\mathrm{pCO}_2\)
21. Under normal physiological conditions in human being every 100 ml of oxygenated blood can deliver _____________ml of O2 to the tissues.
1. 10 ml
2. 2 ml
3. 5 ml
4. 4 ml
22. Which of the following is not the function of conducting part of respiratory system?
| 1. |
Provides surface for diffusion of O2 and CO2 |
| 2. |
It clears inhaled air from foreign particles |
| 3. |
Inhaled air is humidified |
| 4. |
Temperature of inhaled air is brought to body temperature |
23. Select the favorable conditions required for the formation of oxyhemoglobin at the alveoli.
1. High pO2, high pCO2, less H+, higher temperature
2. Low pO2, low pCO2, more H+, higher temperature
3. High pO2, low pCO2, less H+, lower temperature
4. Low pO2 high pCO2 more H+, higher temperature
24. Identify the wrong statement with reference to transport of oxygen:
| 1. |
Partial pressure of CO2 can interfere with O2 binding with haemoglobin. |
| 2. |
Higher H+ concentration in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin. |
| 3. |
Low pCO2 in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin. |
| 4. |
Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is mainly related to partial pressure of O2. |
25. Reduction in pH of blood will?
| 1. |
reduce the blood supply to the brain |
| 2. |
decrease the affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen |
| 3. |
lead to release of bicarbonate ions by the liver |
| 4. |
reduce the rate of heartbeat |
26. Approximately seventy percent of carbon dioxide absorbed by the blood will be transported to the lungs:
| 1. |
as bicarbonate ions |
| 2. |
in the form of dissolved gas molecules |
| 3. |
by binding to R.B.C |
| 4. |
as carbamino-haemoglobin |
Regulation of respiration
27. Identify the region of human brain which has pneumotaxic centre that alters respiratory rate by reducing the duration of inspiration.
| 1. |
Medulla |
2. |
Pons |
| 3. |
Thalamus |
4. |
Cerebrum |
28. In the regulation of respiration, a chemosensitive area adjacent to the rhythm centre in the medulla region of the brain, is highly sensitive to:
1. \(HCO^-_3\)
2. \(CO_2\)
3. \(O_2\)
4. \(N_2\)
Disorders of Respiratory System
29. Which of the following disorders represents decrease in respiratory surface due to damaged alveolar walls?
1. Hypocapnia
2. Bronchitis
3. Asthma
4. Emphysema
30. Due to increasing air-borne allergens and pollutants, many people in urban areas are suffering from respiratory disorder causing wheezing due to:
| 1. |
reduction in the secretion of surfactants by pneumocytes |
| 2. |
benign growth on mucous lining of nasal cavity |
| 3. |
inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles |
| 4. |
proliferation of fibrous tissues and damage of the alveolar walls |
31. Which of the following options correctly represents the lung conditions in asthma and emphysema, respectively?
| 1. |
Inflammation of bronchioles; decreased respiratory surface |
| 2. |
Increased number of bronchioles; increased respiratory surface |
| 3. |
Increased respiratory surface; inflammation of bronchioles |
| 4. |
Decreased respiratory surface; inflammation of bronchioles |
32. Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking?
1. asthma
2. respiratory acidosis
3. respiratory alkalosis
4. emphysema
33. Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls.
| 1. |
Pleurisky |
2. |
Emphysema |
| 3. |
Pneumonia |
4. |
Asthma |
34. Which one of the following is the correct statement for respiration in humans?
| 1. |
Cigarette smoking may lead to inflammation of the bronchi |
| 2. |
Neural signals from the pneumotaxic centre in the pons region of the brain can increase the duration of inspiration |
| 3. |
Workers in grinding and stone-breaking industries may suffer from lung fibrosis |
| 4. |
About 90% of carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried by haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin |
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