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Warming ammonium chloride with sodium hydroxide in a test tube is an example of:
1. closed system
2. Isolated system
3. open system
4. None of these
 

In the following reaction
${\mathrm{HC}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4^{-} + {\mathrm{PO}}_4^{3-} \rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{HPO}}_4^{2-} + {\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4^{2-}$ 
Which are the two Bronsted bases ?
1. ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4^{-} \mathrm{and} {\mathrm{PO}}_4^{3-}$
2. ${\mathrm{HPO}}_4^{2-} \mathrm{and} {\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4^{2-}$
3. ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4^{-} \mathrm{and} {\mathrm{HPO}}_4^{-2}$
4. ${\mathrm{PO}}_4^{3-} \mathrm{and} {\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4^{2-}$

Percentage ionisation of water at certain temperature is 3.6 X 10^-7%, Calculate K_w and pH of water.
1. 10^-14, pH = 6.7
2. 4 X 10^-14, pH=6.7
3. 2X 10^-14, pH=7
4. 10^-14, pH=7

A 50 ml solution of strong acid of pH = 1 is mixed with a 50 ml solution of strong acid of pH=2. The pH of the mixture will be nearly:                                                     
(log 5.5 = 0.74)
1. 0.74                   
2. 1.26
3. 3.76                 
4. 4.50

1 litre solution of pH =4 (solution of a strong acid) is added to the 7/3 litre of water. What is the pH of resulting solution. (Log 3 = 0.48)
1. 4
2. 4.48
3. 4.52
4. 5

The pH of a solution obtained by mixing 50ml of 0.4N HCl and 50ml of 0.2M NaOH is:
1. 13
2. 12
3. 1.0
4. 2.0

K_b for a monoacidic base whose 0.10 M solution has a pH of 10.48
1. 9 X 10^-6
2. 9 X 10^-9
3. 9 X 10^-7
4. 3 X 10^-7

Entropy decreases in which of the following reactions?
1. Boiling of egg
2. Combustion of benzene at 127$°$C
3. Stretching of rubber band
4. Dissolution of sugar in water

In an acidic Buffer solution (CH₃COOH + CH₃COONa), the species mainly present in the solution are:
(Ignore negligible amount)
1. CH₃COOH, CH₃COO^-, CH₃COONa, H⁺
2. CH₃COO^-, Na⁺, CH₃COOH
3. CH₃COONa, CH₃COO-, H⁺
4. CH₃COO^-, Na⁺, H⁺, CH₃COONa

When NH₄Cl is added in NH₄OH solution, then pH of the solution
1. Increases
2. Decreases
3. Remains unchanged
4. Firstly decreases and more than decreases

The most hydrolyzed salt among the following is-
(Assume that K_b of all weak bases is the same)
1. NH₄Cl
2. CuSO₄
3. AlCl₃
4. All are equally hydrolyzed.

The pH of 10^-6 M CH₃COOH (K_a = 1.8 X 10^-5) is:
1. 5.37
2. In between 6 & 7
3. 7
4. 8.63

60 ml 1M CH₃COOH is mixed with 20 ml 1 M NaOH then pH of resulting solution will be
(K_a = 1.8 X 10^-5, log1.8 = 0.25)
1. 8.55
2. 4.95
3. 4.45
4. 7.45

In which solvent, solubility of AgCl is maximum ?
1. 0.01 M NaCl
2. Pure Water
3. 0.01 M NH₄OH
4. 0.05 M AgNO₃

For the following reaction at 250$°$C
PCl₃(g) +Cl₂(g) $\rightleftharpoons$PCl₅(g) the value of K_c is 26 then the value of K_p at  same temperature will be:
1. 0.57                   2. 0.61
3. 0.83                   4. 0.91

In which of the following reaction the value of K_p will be equal to K_c ?
$1. {\mathrm{N}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) + {\mathrm{O}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) \rightleftharpoons 2\mathrm{NO}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$
$2. {\mathrm{PCl}}_5\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{PCl}}_3\left(\mathrm{g}\right) + {\mathrm{Cl}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$
$3. 2{\mathrm{NH}}_3\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{N}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) +3{\mathrm{H}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$
$4. 2{\mathrm{SO}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) + {\mathrm{O}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right) \rightleftharpoons 2{\mathrm{SO}}_3\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$

$\frac{{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{p}}}{{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{c}}}$ for the gaseous reaction:
$\mathrm{I}. 2\mathrm{A} + 3\mathrm{B} \rightleftharpoons 2\mathrm{C}$
$\mathrm{II}. 2\mathrm{A}\rightleftharpoons 4\mathrm{B}$
$\mathrm{III}. \mathrm{A}+\mathrm{B}+2\mathrm{C} \rightleftharpoons 4\mathrm{D}$
Would be respectively:
1. (RT)^-3, (RT)², (RT)⁰ 
2. (RT)^-3, (RT)-², (RT)^-1 
3. (RT)^-3, (RT)², (RT) 
4. None of the above

 
N₂O₄ dissociates as ${\mathrm{N}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\rightleftharpoons 2{\mathrm{NO}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$ at 273 K and 2 atm pressure. The equilibrium mixture has a vapour density of 41. What will be the percentage degree of dissociation ?
1. 14.2%
2. 16.2%
3. 12.2%
4. 87.8%

Inert gas is added to the equilibrium ${\mathrm{PCl}}_5(\mathrm{g}) \rightleftharpoons {\mathrm{PCl}}_3(\mathrm{g})$ $+$ ${\mathrm{Cl}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$ at constant pressure. The degree of dissociation will :
1. Remain unchanged
2. Decrease
3. Increase
4. Decrease or increase but cannot be predicted with certainty

Dissociation of phosphorus pentachloride is favoured by:
1. High temperature and high pressure
2. High temperature and low pressure
3. Low temperature and low pressure
4. Low temperature and high pressure

${\mathrm{N}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4\rightleftharpoons 2{\mathrm{NO}}_2, {\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{c}}=4.$ This reversible reaction is studied graphically as shown in figure. Select the correct statement out of I, II and III.

I. Reaction quotient has maximum value at point A
II. Reaction proceeds left to right at a point when
     $\left[{\mathrm{N}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_4\right]=\left[{\mathrm{NO}}_2\right]=0.1M$
III. K_c=Q where point E or G is reached
1. I,II
2. II,III
3. I,III
4. I,II,III

The stability product constant K_sp of Mg(OH)₂ is 9.0 X 10^-12. If a solution is 0.010 M with respect to Mg²⁺ ion, what is the maximum hydroxide ion concentration which could be present without causing the precipitation of Mg(OH)₂ ?
1. 1.5 X 10^-7 M
2. 3.0 X 10^-7 M
3. 1.5 X 10^-5 M
4. 3.0 X 10^-5 M

The amount of CaC₂O₄ (molecular weight =128) will dissolve in distilled water to make 1 liter of a saturated solution is: 
[K_sp (CaC₂O₄) = 2.5 x 10^-9 ]
1. 0.0064 g             
2. 0.1280 g
3. 0.0128 g           
4. 1.2800 g

What substance could be added to one liter of water to serve as a buffer?
1. One mole of ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CO}}_2\mathrm{H}$ and 0.5 moles of NaOH
2. One mole of NH₄Cl and one mole of HCl
3. One mole of NH₄OH and one mole of NaOH
4. One mole of ${\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CO}}_2\mathrm{H}$ and one mole of HCl

The oxidation number of sulphur in S₈, S₂F₂ and H₂S respectively are :
1. 0, +1 and -2
2. +2, +1 and -2
3. 0, +1 and +2
4. -2. +1 and -2

Which of the following is a redox reaction :
1. NaCl + KNO₃ $\to$NaNO₃ + KCl
2. CaC₂O₄ + 2HCl $\to$CaCl₂ + H₂C₂O₄
3. Mg(OH)₂ + 2NH₄Cl $\to$ MgCl₂ + $2\mathrm{N}\stackrel{+}{{\mathrm{H}}_4}\stackrel{-}{\mathrm{OH}}$
4. Zn + 2AgCN $\to$ 2Ag + [Zn(CN)₂]

What will happen if the solution of potassium chromate reacts with excess amount of nitric acid
1. Cr reduces in the oxidation state +3 from ${\mathrm{Cro}}_4^{2-}$
2. Cr oxidises in the oxidation state +7 from ${\mathrm{Cro}}_4^{2-}$
3. ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{+3}$ and ${\mathrm{Cr}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7^{2-}$ will be formed
4. ${\mathrm{Cr}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7^{2-}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$ will be formed

Acoording to Bronsted-Lowry concept, the correct order of relative strength of bases follows the order
1. CH₃COO^- > Cl^- > OH^-
2. CH₃COO^- > OH^- > Cl^-
3. OH^- > CH₃COO^- > Cl^-
4. OH^- > Cl^-> CH₃COO^-
 

When Cl₂ is converted into Cl^- & Cl${\mathrm{O}}_3^{-}$ then n-factor of Cl₂ will be:
1. 3/5
2. 5/3
3. 7/2
4. 2

If an open container is heated from 300 K to 400 K, then the % of gas that remains in the container is-
1. 25%
2. 50%
3. 75%
4. 100%

The correct statement regarding the van der Waal constant of  N₂ & NH₃ is -
1. ${\mathrm{a}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3}> {\mathrm{a}}_{{\mathrm{N}}_2}, {\mathrm{b}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3}< {\mathrm{b}}_{{\mathrm{N}}_2}$
2. ${\mathrm{a}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3}< {\mathrm{a}}_{{\mathrm{N}}_2}, {\mathrm{b}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3}< {\mathrm{b}}_{{\mathrm{N}}_2}$
3. ${\mathrm{a}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3}> {\mathrm{a}}_{{\mathrm{N}}_2}, {\mathrm{b}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3}> {\mathrm{b}}_{{\mathrm{N}}_2}$
4. ${\mathrm{a}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3} < {\mathrm{a}}_{{\mathrm{N}}_2}, {\mathrm{b}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3}> {\mathrm{b}}_{{\mathrm{N}}_2}$

MnO₂ + 4HCl $\to$MnCl₂+2H₂O+Cl₂, the equivalent wt. of HCl will be (M$\equiv$Mol wt of HCl)
1. M
2. M/2
3. 2M
4. M/4

In Na₂S₂O₃, the oxidation number of S is
1. +2
2. +4 & zero
3. +6 & -2
4. +3

Which acts as a reducing agent only?
1. SO₂
2. HNO₃
3. MnO₂
4. H₂S

Intercalary meristems are called primary meristems because:
I. They appear early in life of a plant.
II. They contribute to the formation of the primary plant body.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect.

Identify the correct statement regarding collenchymas in plants:-

What is the number of correct statements amongst the following regarding the phloem tissue of plants?

1. 0
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

In dicot roots, the initiation of the lateral roots and the vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in:
1. Pericycle
2. Endodermis
3. Conjuctive tissue
4. Epidermis

In dicot stem the vascular bundle is:-
1. Conjoint, open and with exarch protoxylem.
2. Conjoint, open and with endarch protoxylem.
3. Conjoint and closed.
4. Scattered, each surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath.

Bulliform cells:
1. Are found in dorsiventral leaves and help in photosynthesis.
2. Are found in dorsiventral leaves and help in minimizing water loss.
3. Are found in isobilatetral leaves and help in minimizing water loss.
4. Are found in isobilatetral leaves and help in photosynthesis.

During secondary growth in the stem:-
1. The amount of secondary xylem produced is more than the secondary phloem as the
cambium is generally more active on the inner side than the outer.
2. the amount of secondary phloem produced is more than the secondary xylem as the cambium is generally more active on the inner side than the outer.
3. the amount of secondary xylem produced is more than the secondary phloem as the cambium is generally more active on the outer side than the inner.
4. the amount of secondary phloem produced is more than the secondary xylem as the cambium is generally more active on the outer side than the inner.

In temperate region plants, the wood with fewer xylary elements and narrow vessels, is termed as:-
1. Spring wood
2. Autumn wood
3. Sap wood
4. Heart wood

G.N. Ramachandran discovered the structure of collagen which is a/an:
1. Alpha helix
2. Beta pleated sheet
3. Triple helix
4. Icosahederon

Cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms because:

Prokaryotic mesosomes do not help in:
1. Cell wall formation
2. DNA replication
3. Respiration
4. Photosynthesis

The endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell does not include:
1. Endoplasmic reticulum
2. Lysosome
3. Vacuole
4. Peroxisome

The cis and trans faces of the Golgi Apparatus are:
1. Similar but not interconnected
2. Similar and interconnected
3. Entirely different but interconnected
4. Entirely different and not interconnected

Plastids used in storing proteins are called as:
1. Amyloplasts
2. Aleuroplasts
3. Elaioplasts
4. Chromoplasts

A centriole-like structure, from which the cilium and the flagellum emerge, is the:
1. Centrosome
2. Basal body
3. Axoneme
4. Vimentin

The outer membrane of the nucleus:
I. is continuous with the Endoplasmic reticulum
II. does not bear ribosomes.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

Which of the following elements is present in higher proportion [% weight of the total] in Earth's crust with respect to the average composition of a human body?
1. Carbon
2. Nitrogen
3. Sulfur
4. Magnesium

Identify the amino acid with hydroxymethyl as its R group:
1. Glycine
2. Alanine
3. Serine
4. Phenylalanine

All of the following are nucleosides, except:

Which of the following secondary metabolites is an anticancer drug?
1.  Vinblastin
2.  Concanavalin A
3.  Abrin
4.  Ricin

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the structure of proteins:

At each step of its ascent, the DNA strand turns:
1. 3.4$°$
2. 34$°$
3. 3.6$°$
4. 36$°$

The blood concentration [in mM] of glucose in a normal healthy individual is:
1.  4.2$-$6.1
2.  5.0$-$5.5
3.  5.5$-$6.0
4.  6.0$-$6.5

The substrate has to go through a much higher energy state or transition state in case of:
1. Exothermic reactions only
2. Endothermic reactions only
3. Both exothermic and endothermic reactions
4. Neither exothermic nor endothermic reactions

Name the enzymes that catalyze removal of groups from substrates by mechanism other than hydrolysis leaving double bonds:
1. Transferases
2. Lyases
3. Isomerases
4. Ligases

When the co-factor is removed from the enzyme, the catalytic activity:
1. is lost.
2. is reduced.
3. is increased.
4. is unaffected.

The centrioles replicate during:
1. G₁ phase
2. S phase
3. G₂ phase
4. Early prophase

Bivalent chromosomes clearly appear as tetrads during:
1. Zygotene
2. Pachytene
3. Diplotene
4. Diakinesis

The beginning of diplotene is recognized by:
1. appearance of recombination nodules
2. crossing over
3. dissolution of synaptonemal complex
4. appearance of chiasmata

Diffusion is very important to plants since:
1. The cells have a permeable cell wall
2. It is the only means for gaseous movement within the plant body.
3. Plants cannot transport material by active transport.
4. They are unable to move towards the source of the nutrients.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of facilitated transport in plants?
1. Requirement of special membrane proteins
2. Being non-selective
3. Transport saturates
4. It is a downhill transport 

If a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is applied to a solution, its water potential:
1. Increases
2. Decreases
3. Remains the same
4. Becomes zero

For imbibition to occur the pre-requisites is/are:
i. Water potential gradient between the adsorbent and the liquid imbibed.
ii. Affinity between the adsorbent and the liquid imbibed.
1. Only i
2. Only ii
3. Both i and ii
4. Neither i nor ii

Water movement in plants is:
1. Down a potential gradient in apoplast and up the potential gradient in symplast
2. Down a potential gradient in symplast and up the potential gradient in apoplast
3. Up the potential gradient in both apoplast and symplast 
4. Down the potential gradient in both apoplast and symplast 

What percent of water reaching them is used by leaves in photosynthesis?
1. Less than 1%
2. About 5 %
3. About 5 % in warm conditions and about 10 % in cold conditions
4. About 50 %

Attraction of water molecules to polar surfaces [such as the surface of tracheary elements] is called as:
1. Connation
2. Adnation
3. Cohesion
4. Adhesion

What are the control points where a plant adjusts the quantity and types of solutes that reach the xylem?
1. Cellulose deposited casparian strips
2. Transport proteins of endodermal cell
3. Sclerenchyma around the pericycle
4. The root hairs themselves

Consider the following two statements:
I. The direction of movement in the phloem is bi-directional.
II. The source-sink relationship in plants is variable.
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct but II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect 

During translocation of sugars in plants from source to sink:
1. The loading of sugar at source is by active transport and unloading at the sink is by passive transport.
2. The loading of sugar at source is by passive transport and unloading at the sink is by active transport.
3. Both loading at the source and unloading at the sink are by active transport.
4. Both loading at the source and unloading at the sink are by passive transport.

Which of the following is an activator for both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase?
1. Zinc
2. Magnesium
3. Manganese
4. Molybdenum

Identify a micronutrient for plants amongst the following:
1. Potassium
2. Phosphorus
3. Iron
4. Sulphur

Which element is required by the plants for uptake and utilization of calcium and carbohydrate translocation ?
1. Manganese
2. Boron
3. Chlorine
4. Selenium

During nitrogen fixation, nitrite is oxidized to nitrate with the help of the bacterium:
1. Nitrosomanas
2. Pseudomonas
3. Nitrobacter
4. Thiobacillus
 

Nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of non-leguminous plants like Alnus are produced by
1. Rhizobium
2. Beijernickia
3. Azotobacter
4. Frankia

For each molecule of ammonia produced by nitrogenase, the number of ATP molecules required are:
1. 4
2. 8
3. 12
4. 16

The portion of human stomach into which the oesophagus opens is the:-
1. Cardiac
2. Fundus
3. Corpus
4. Pylorus

Muscularis layer of the wall of the alimentary canal is formed by:-
1. Smooth muscle arranged into an inner longitudinal and an outer circular layer
2. Smooth muscle arranged into an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer
3. Skeletal muscle arranged into an inner longitudinal and an outer circular layer
4. Skeletal muscle arranged into an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer

The structural and functional units of the human liver are:-
1. Glisson capsules
2. Hepatic lobes
3. Hepatic Iobules
4. Hepatic sinusoids

The optimum pH for the enzyme salivary amylase is:
(1) 4.5
(2) 6.8
(3) 7.3
(4) 8.2

Intrinsic factor is secreted by the_cells of the human stomach.
1. Mucus neck cells
2. Chief cells
3. Oxyntic cells
4. G-cells

Lipases can be activated by: 
1. Enterokinase
2. Enterogastrone
3. Chyme
4. Bile

Which of the following is a sub-mucosal gland?
1. Oxyntic glands of stomach
2. Crypts of Lieberkuhn of small intestine
3. Brunner's glands of the duodenum
4. Goblet cells

To move into the intestinal mucosa, fatty acids and glycerol are first incorporated into:
(1) Chyle
(2) Micelles
(3) Chylomicroms
(4) Lipoproteins

A mass peristaltic movement is responsible for:-
1. Release of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum
2. Passage of chyme from stomach to duodenum
3. Vomiting
4. Defecation

Which of the following is entirely made of cartilage?
1. Nasal septum
2. Larynx
3. Glottis
4. Trachea

Trachea divides into two right and left primary bronchi at the level of:
1. Seventh cervical vertebra
2. Third thoracic vertebra
3. Fifth thoracic vertebra
4. Seventh thoracic vertebra

Contraction of diaphragm:

Volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal expiration is about:
1. 1200 ml
2. 2300 ml
3. 4600 ml
4. 5800 ml

The partial pressure of oxygen is equal in
1. Atmospheric air and Alveoli
2. Alveoli and Oxygenated blood
3. Alveoli and Deoxygenated blood
4. Deoxygenated blood and Tissues

The solubility of carbon dioxide is about _____ times higher than that of oxygen across the respiratory membrane.
1. 20-25
2. 25-50
3. 125-150
4. 200-250

What amount of carbon dioxide is delivered by every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood to the alveoli?
1. 4 ml
2. 5 ml
3. 15 ml
4. 20 ml

A center that moderates the functions of the respiratory rhythm center is located in:
1. Dorsal medulla oblongata
2. Ventral medulla oblongata
3. Pons Varolii
4. Pre-central gyrus of the cerebrum

The endodermis is absent or indistinct in the:-
1. Roots of all plants
2. Leaves of pteridophytes
3. Leaves of gymnosperms
4. Stems of woody plants

Secondary growth in monocotyledons is rather rare. An exceptionally large amount of secondary thickness is seen in most species of which of the following monocots?
1. Palms
2. Dracaena
3. Amaranthus
4. Bignonia

What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?
1. ubiquitin
2. chaperonin
3. vimentins
4. cyclins

It is a common observation that CAM plants are not tall. The reason most likely is:
1. They would be unable to move water and minerals to the top of the plant during the day.
2. They would be unable to supply sufficient sucrose for active transport of minerals into the roots during the day or night
3. Transpiration occurs only at night, and this would cause a highly negative $\mathrm{\psi }$ in the roots of a tall plant during the day.
4. Since the stomata are closed in the leaves, the Casparian strip is closed in the endodermis strip is closed in the endodermis of the root.

Pine seedings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than seeding grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because
1. the sterilization process kills the root hairs as they emerge from the seedling
2. the normal symbiotic fungi are present in the sterilized soil
3. sterilization removes essential nutrients from the soil
4. water and mineral uptake is faster when mycorrhizae are present

Water logging or over-watering a plant is dangerous and may kill the plant. Why is this so?
1. Water does not have all the necessary minerals a plant needs to grow.
2. Water neutralizes the pH of the soil.
3. The roots are deprived of oxygen.
4. Water lowers the water potential of the roots.

Locomotion is a very important feature in animals. Considering the frequent need for locomotion in animals, an animal would obtain the greatest benefit from storing its energy as:
1. proteins
2. minerals
3. carbohydrates
4. fats

Populations subsisting primarily on corn would likely to suffer from:
1. PEM
2. Pellagra
3. Bleeding disorders
4. Beri beri

Premature infants may develop respiratory distress and can land up in respiratory failure sometimes needing an intensive care for such infants. This may be due to:
1. the sudden change from the uterine environment to the air
2. the incomplete development of the lung surface
3. inadequate production of surfactant
4. mutations in the genes involved in lung formation

Which of the following glandular secretions involved in digestion would be most likely released initially as inactive precursors ?
(1) protein-digesting enzymes
(2) fat-solublizing bile salts
(3) acid-neutralising bicarbonate
(4) hormones such as gastrin

What keeps the lungs inflated even during expiration?
1. The smooth muscles of the lung
2. The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles alone
3. The visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs
4. Surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity

Oxygen is mainly transported as oxyhaemoglobin in the blood. Identify the correct statement regarding oxygen transport in blood:
1. During normal activity, a molecule of hemoglobin returning to the lungs carries one molecule of O₂
2. During conditions of acidosis, hemoglobin is able to carry oxygen more efficiently.
3. Increased BPG levels in the red blood cells enhance oxygen-carrying capacity.
4. A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal.

$\mathrm{A} \mathrm{body} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{mass} \mathrm{m} \mathrm{is} \mathrm{projected} \mathrm{at} \mathrm{a} \mathrm{velocity} {\mathrm{v}}_0$
$\mathrm{with} \mathrm{an} \mathrm{angle} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{projection} \mathrm{\theta }. \mathrm{Angular} \mathrm{momentum}$
$\mathrm{L} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{body} \mathrm{after} \mathrm{time} \mathrm{t} \mathrm{w}.\mathrm{r}.\mathrm{to} \mathrm{origin} \mathrm{is} \mathrm{proportional} \mathrm{to}:$
$1. \mathrm{L}\propto \mathrm{t} 2. \mathrm{L}\propto {\mathrm{t}}^2$
$3. \mathrm{L}\propto {\mathrm{t}}^0 4. \mathrm{L}\propto \sqrt{\mathrm{t}}$

A mass M is moving with constant velocity parallel to the X-axis. Its angular momentum with respect to origin is:
1.  Zero
2.  Remains constant
3.  goes on increasing
4.  goes on decreasing

A pulley of mass m & radius R is free to rotate about its axis which is horizontal. A string is wound around it and mass m is attached to its free end. When mass m falls through a distance h, its speed at that instant is:
                                               
1.  proportional to R
2.  proportional to 1/R
3.  proportional to 1/R²
4.  independent of R

If I is the moment of inertia of a solid sphere about an axis parallel to diameter of a shpere and at a distance x from it. Which of the following graph represents the variation of I with X?

A particle is rotating under the central force, in which one of the following quantities is constant:
1.  torque
2.  angular momentum
3.  linear momentum
4.  none of these

A small object of uniform density rolls up a curved surface with an initial velocity \(v.\) It is reached upto a maximum height of \(\frac{3v^{2}}{4g}\) with respect to the initial position. The object is:
           
1. ring
2. solid sphere
3. hollow sphere
4. disc

A point is at (x, y, z). What is its moment of inertia about x-axis:
                       
1.  $\mathrm{m}\left({\mathrm{x}}^2+{\mathrm{y}}^2+{\mathrm{z}}^2\right)$
2.  $\mathrm{m}\left({\mathrm{x}}^2+{\mathrm{y}}^2\right)$
3.  $\mathrm{m}\left({\mathrm{y}}^2+{\mathrm{z}}^2\right)$
4.  $\mathrm{m}\left({\mathrm{x}}^2+{\mathrm{z}}^2\right)$

A satellite is moving very close to a planet of density $\mathrm{\rho }$. The time period of the satellite is:
1.  $\sqrt{\frac{3\mathrm{\pi }}{\mathrm{\rho G}}}$
2.  ${\left(\frac{3\mathrm{\pi }}{\mathrm{\rho G}}\right)}^{3/2}$
3.  $\sqrt{\frac{3\mathrm{\pi }}{2\mathrm{\rho G}}}$
4.  ${\left(\frac{3\mathrm{\pi }}{2\mathrm{\rho G}}\right)}^{3/2}$

A projectile is fired upwards from the surface of the earth with a velocity ${\mathrm{kv}}_{\mathrm{e}}$ where ${\mathrm{v}}_{\mathrm{e}}$ is the escape velocity and k < 1. If r is the maximum distance from the center of the earth to which it rises and R is the radius of the earth, then r equals:
1. \(\frac{R}{k^2}\)
2. \(\frac{R}{1-k^2}\)
3. \(\frac{2R}{1-k^2}\)
4. \(\frac{2R}{1+k^2}\)

The gravitational potential difference between the surface of a planet and 10 m above is 5 J/kg. If the gravitational field is supposed to be uniform, the work done in moving a 2 kg mass from the surface of the planet to a height of 8 m is
1.  2J
2.  4J
3.  6J
4.  8J

A planet is moving in an elliptical orbit. If T, V, E, and L stand, respectively, for its kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, total energy and angular momentum about the center of the orbit, then:

Suppose the gravitational force varies inversely as the nth power of distance. Then the time period of revolution of a planet in a circular orbit of radius R around the sun will be proportional to
1. $R^{\left(\frac{n-1}{2}\right)}$
2. $R^{\left(\frac{n+1}{2}\right)}$
3. Rⁿ
4. $R^{\frac{(n-2)}{2}}$

An articifical satellite moving in a circular orbit around the earth has a total (kinetic +potential) energy $E_0$. Its potential energy is
1. $-E_0$
2. $1.5E_0$
3. $2E_0$
4. $E_0$

Two satellites of masses $m_1 and m_2 (m_1>m_2)$ are revolving round the earth in circular orbits of radii $r_1 and r_2 (r_1>r_2)$, respectively. Which of the following statements is true regarding their speeds $V_1 and V_2$
1. $V_1=V_2$
2. $V_1>V_2$
3. $V_1<V_2$
4. $\frac{V_1}{r_1}=\frac{V_2}{r_2}$

In planetary motion, the areal velocity of the position vector of a planet depends on the angular velocity ($\omega$) and the distance of the planet from the sun (r). The correct relation for areal velocity is:
1. $\frac{dA}{dt}$ $\alpha$ $\omega r$
2. $\frac{dA}{dt}$ $\alpha$ ${\omega }^{2}r$
3. $\frac{dA}{dt}$ $\alpha$ $\omega r^2$
4. $\frac{dA}{dt}$ $\alpha$ $\sqrt{\omega r}$

If \(A\) is the areal velocity of a planet of mass \(M,\) then its angular momentum is:

Two bodies of masses m and 4m are placed at a distance r. The gravitational potential at a point on the line joining them where the gravitational field is zero is
1.  $-\frac{5\mathrm{Gm}}{\mathrm{r}}$
2.  $-\frac{6\mathrm{Gm}}{\mathrm{r}}$
3.  $-\frac{9\mathrm{Gm}}{\mathrm{r}}$
4.  0

The satellite of mass m orbiting around the earth in a circular orbit with a velocity v. The total energy will be:
1.  $\frac{3}{4}{\mathrm{mv}}^2$
2.  $\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{mv}}^2$
3.  $-\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{mv}}^2$
4.  ${\mathrm{mv}}^2$

What minimum friction coefficient is required for hollow sphere rolling without slipping on the inclined plane with an angle of inclination 37$°$ ?
1.  $\frac{3}{10}$
2.  $\frac{3}{14}$
3.  $\frac{3}{16}$
4.  None of these

The disc is placed on the rough horizontal surface given only angular velocity ${\omega }_0$. The velocity of the centre of mass when it starts pure rolling is:
1.  $\frac{{\omega }_{0}R}{2}$
2.  $\frac{{\omega }_{0}R}{3}$
3.  $\frac{{\omega }_{0}R}{4}$
4.  $\frac{{\omega }_{0}R}{6}$

Magnitude of potential energy (U) and time period (T) of a satellite are related to each other as:
1. $T^2$ $\alpha$ $\frac{1}{U^3}$
2. $T$ $\alpha$ $\frac{1}{U^3}$
3. $T^2$ $\alpha$ $U^3$
4. $T^2$ $\alpha$ $\frac{1}{U^2}$

The Young's modulus of a wire of length 'L' and radius 'r' is 'Y'. If length is reduced to L/2 and radius r/2, then Young's modulus will be 
1. Y/2
2. Y
3. 2Y
4. 4Y

Three wires A, B, C made of the same material and radius have different lengths. The graphs in the figure show the elongation-load variation. The longest wire is
 

When a body of mass 'm', density ${\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ is suspended from a wire, its elongation is 'e' when the body is in air. If the body is completely immersed in non-viscous liquid of density ${\mathrm{d}}_l$ ,then its elongation is

1. $\mathrm{e}\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathcal{l}}}{{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{B}}}\right)$
2. $\mathrm{e}\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{B}}}{{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathcal{l}}}\right)$
3. $\mathrm{e}\left(\frac{{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{B}}}{{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathcal{l}}}-1\right)$
4. $\mathrm{e}\left(\frac{{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathrm{B}}}{{\mathrm{d}}_{\mathcal{l}}}\right)$

A cubical vessel of height 1 m is full of water. Find the work done in pumping out whole water.
1. 49 J
2. 490 J
3. 4900 J
4. 49000 J

The flow rate from a tap of diameter 1.25 cm is 3 lit/min. The coefficient of viscosity of water is ${10}^{-3}$ Pas. The nature of flow is :
1. Turbulent
2. Laminar
3. Neither laminar nor turbulent
4. data inadequate

Water flowing from a hose pipe fills a 15-liter container in one minute. The speed of water from the free opening of radius 1 cm is (in ms${}^{-1}$) :
1. 2.5
2. $\frac{\mathrm{\pi }}{2.5}$
3. $\frac{2.5}{\mathrm{\pi }}$
4. 5 $\mathrm{\pi }$

Work of 6.0 x 10${}^{-4}$ Joule is required to be done in increasing the size of a soap film from 10cm x 6cm to 10cm x 11cm. The surface tension of the film is :
1. 5 x 10${}^{-2}$ N/m
2. 6 x 10${}^{-2}$ N/m
3. 1.5 x 10${}^{-2}$ N/m
4. 1.2 x 10${}^{-1}$ N/m

When a cylindrical tube is dipped vertically into a liquid the angle of contact is 140^o. When the tube is dipped with an inclination of 40^o, the angle of contact is- 
 
1.  $100°$  
2.  $140°$
3.  $180°$
4.    $60°$
 

Two liquid drops have their diameters as 1 mm and 2 mm. The ratio of excess pressure in them is :
1.  1:2
2.  2:1
3.  4:1
4.  1:4

If a soap bubble of radius 3 cm coalesce with another soap bubble of radius 4 cm under isothermal conditions, the radius of the resultant bubble formed is in cm-
1. 7
2. 1
3. 5
4. 12

$\mathrm{Water} \mathrm{flows} \mathrm{through} \mathrm{a} \mathrm{non}-\mathrm{uniform} \mathrm{tube}$
$\mathrm{of} \mathrm{area} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{cross} \mathrm{sections} \mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{and} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{whose}$
$\mathrm{values} \mathrm{are} 25, 15, \mathrm{and} 35 {\mathrm{cm}}^2 \mathrm{respectively}.$
$\mathrm{The} \mathrm{ratio} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{the} \mathrm{velocities} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{water} \mathrm{at} \mathrm{the}$
$\mathrm{sections} \mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{and} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{is}-$
1.  5:3:7
2.  7:3:5
3.  21:35:15
4.  1:1:1

W is the work done in forming a bubble of radius r, the work is done in forming a bubble of radius 2r will be:-
1.  4W
2.  3W
3.  2W
4.  W

Several spherical drops of a liquid each of radius r coalesce to form a single drop of radius R. If T is the surface tension, then the energy liberated will be - 
$1. 4{\mathrm{\pi R}}^3\mathrm{T} \left(\frac{1}{\mathrm{r}}-\frac{1}{\mathrm{R}}\right)$
$2. 2{\mathrm{\pi R}}^3\mathrm{T} \left(\frac{1}{\mathrm{r}}-\frac{1}{\mathrm{R}}\right)$
$3. \frac{4}{3}{\mathrm{\pi r}}^2\mathrm{T} \left(\frac{1}{\mathrm{r}}-\frac{1}{\mathrm{R}}\right)$
$4. 2\mathrm{\pi RT} \left(\frac{1}{\mathrm{R}}-\frac{1}{\mathrm{r}}\right)$

A sample of metal weighs 210 g in air, 140 g in water and 120 g in an unknown liquid. Then -
1.  The density of the metal is $3 \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^3$
2.  The density of the metal is $7 \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{cm}}^3$
3.  The density of the metal is 4 times the density of unknown liquid
4.  The metal still float in water

Bernoulli's theorem based upon-
1.  Conservation of momentum
2.  Conservation of energy
3.  Conservation mass
4.  None of these

The rate of flowing of water from the orifice in a wall of a tank will be more if the orifice is:
1.  Near the bottom
2.  Near the upper end
3.  Exactly in the middle
4.  Does not depend upon the position of the orifice

A small spherical solid ball is dropped in a viscous liquid. Its journey in the liquid is best described in the figure by :
                                             
1.  Curve A
2.  Curve B
3.  Curve C
4.  Curve D

Water flows through a frictionless duct with a cross-section varying as shown in the figure. Pressure p at points along the axis is represented by
                      
1. 2.
3.  4.

The area of cross-section of the wider tube shown in the figure is $800$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^2.$ If a mass of 12 kg is placed on the massless piston, then the difference in heights h of the levels of water in the two tubes will be:
 

In the figure below is shown the flow of liquid through a horizontal pipe. Three tubes A, B, and C are connected to the pipe. The radius of the pipe at A, B, and C is respectively 2 cm, 1 cm, and 2 cm. It can be said that the :

1.  Height of the liquid in the tube A is maximum
2.  Height of the liquid in the tubes A and B is the same
3.  Height of the liquid in all the three tubes is the same
4.  Height of the liquid in the tubes A and C is the same

Equation of continuity based on :
1.  Conservation of mass
2.  Conservation of energy
3.  Conservation of angular momentum
4.  None of these

The reaction CH₄(g) + Cl₂(g)$\to$CH₃Cl(g) + HCl(g)
has $∆\mathrm{H}$=-25 Kcal

From the given data, what is the bond enthalpy of Cl-Cl bond?
1. 70 Kcal 
2.  80 Kcal
3.  67.75 Kcal
4. 57.85 Kcal

Equilibrium is represented by:
1. $∆$H = 0             
2. $∆$G_Total=0
3. $∆$S_Total=0         
4. $∆$E=0

Heat of the neutralization is greater than 13.7 kcal in -
1. HF & NH₄OH             
2. HCl & NaOH
3. HI & KOH                   
4. HF & NaOH

In which case rate of diffusion is highest if all are present in the same container at the same temerature:
1. 4g H₂
2. 32g O₂
3. 22g CO₂
4. 56g N₂

At high pressure, Vander Waal gas equation is reduced to (For 1 mole of gas)
1. Z = 1- a/RTV
2. PV = RT +Pb
3. PV = RT +a/V
4. Z = 1- Pb/RT

Partial pressure of Hydrogen in a flask containing 2 gm of H₂ and 32 gm of SO₂ is:
1. 1/16 of total pressure
2. 1/2 of total pressure
3. 2/3 of total pressure
4. 1/8 of total pressure