A major disadvantage of external fertilization is:
1. | Lack of variations amongst the offspring |
2. | Need for the production of a significant number of male gametes |
3. | A high threat to the progeny for survival up to adulthood |
4. | The number of progeny per reproductive event will mostly be one |
The Yucca plant is pollinated by:
1. an obligatory mutualist moth
2. an obligatory mutualist honeybee
3. a commensal moth
4. a commensal honeybee
The endosperm is usually completely consumed by the developing embryo in all the following except:
1. | Pea | 2. | Castor |
3. | Bean | 4. | Groundnut |
The duct of seminal vesicle opens into the:
1. Caput Epididymis
2. Cauda Epididymis
3. Ejaculatory duct
4. Vas deferens
At what stage of the follicular development does the primary oocyte complete its first meiotic division?
1. | Primary follicle | 2. | Secondary follicle |
3. | Tertiary follicle | 4. | Graafian follicle |
Suppression of sperm motility and their fertilizing capacity is the specific mechanism of action of:
1. | Lippes loop | 2. | Multiload 375 |
3. | LNG 20 | 4. | Progestasert |
Which of the following is a recessive trait in Pisum sativum?
1. | Yellow pod color | 2. | Axial flower position |
3. | Inflated pod shape | 4. | Violet flower color |
Starch synthesis in pea seeds is controlled by one gene that has two alleles B and b. A heterozygote is expected to produce:
1. Large-sized seeds with a round shape
2. Intermediate-sized seeds with wrinkled shape
3. Intermediate-sized seeds with a round shape
4. Small-sized seeds with a round shape
A female with normal color vision but whose father was color-blind marries a color-blind man. What is the probability that their firstborn boy will be color blind?
1. | 25% | 2. | 50% |
3. | 75% | 4. | 100% |
In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes:
1. heterogenous nuclear RNA
2. small nuclear RNA
3. transfer RNA
4. ribosomal RNA
During translation, formation of peptide bonds in bacteria is catalyzed by:
1. Polynucleotide phosphorylase
2. Protease
3. Ligase
4. Ribozyme
In the human genome, the chromosomes with the most and the fewest genes located on them respectively are:
1. | 1 and Y | 2. | X and Y |
3. | 21 and X | 4. | 11 and Y |
All the following are a result of convergent evolution except:
1. The eye of an octopus and the eye of a mammal.
2. Sweet potato and potato.
3. Flippers of penguins and flippers of dolphins.
4. Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita.
‘Founder effect’ and ‘genetic bottleneck’ are associated with:
1. | Stabilizing natural selection | 2. | Genetic drift |
3. | Assortative mating | 4. | Industrial melanism |
'Living about 1.5 mya, with a brain size of about 900 cc, probably ate meat' – the description applies to:
1. | Ramapithecus | 2. | Homo habilis |
3. | Homo erectus | 4. | The Neanderthal man |
The hormones that attain a peak level in the middle of the menstrual cycle include:
I. Oestrogen | II. Progesterone | III. LH | IV. FSH |
1. | I, II, and III only | 2. | I, III, and IV only |
3. | II, III, and IV only | 4. | I, II, III, and IV |
Both Hepatitis B and HIV infections:
1. are completely curable STIs
2. are caused by bacterial pathogens
3. can be transmitted by sharing injection needles
4. are preventable by vaccination
The ability to produce adventitious buds is exploited by gardeners for commercial propagation of:
1. | Bryophyllum | 2. | Agave |
3. | Water hyacinth | 4. | Ginger |
Factors known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium include all except:
1. | Genetic drift | 2. | Mutation |
3. | Natural selection | 4. | Random mating |
After the transfer of E.coli from 15N to 14N medium, the DNA extracted from the medium after 40 minutes will compose of:
1. | Only hybrid DNA |
2. | Only light DNA |
3. | Equal amounts of light and heavy DNA |
4. | Equal amounts of light and hybrid DNA |
A typical nucleosome contains:
1. 40 bp of DNA helix
2. 60 bp of DNA helix
3. 140 bp of DNA helix
4. 200 bp of DNA helix
β Thalassemia is controlled by:
1. A single gene HBB on chromosome 11.
2. A single gene HBB on chromosome 16.
3. Two closely linked genes HBB 1 and HBB 2 on chromosome 11.
4. Two closely linked genes HBB 1 and HBB 2 on chromosome 16.
The mode of inheritance of the trait in the given pedigree is most likely [affected individuals are shown by solid symbols]:
|
Fertilization in humans takes place most commonly in:
1. Oviduct – isthmus
2. Oviduct – ampulla
3. Uterus – fundus
4. Cervix
In bananas, fruits can develop without fertilization. Such fruits are called as:
1. | Parthenogenetic | 2. | Parthenocarpic |
3. | True | 4. | False |
Perisperm can be seen in the seeds of:
1. | Beet | 2. | Castor |
3. | Pea | 4. | Groundnut |
Thecodonts are thought to be the common ancestors to all the following except:
1. | Crocodiles | 2. | Dinosaurs |
3. | Birds | 4. | Mammals |
Speciation of Darwin finches on Galapagos islands is a prototypical example of:
1. | Adaptive radiation | 2. | Saltation |
3. | Genetic drift | 4. | Industrial melanism |
A dihybrid test cross results in a 50% frequency of recombinants in progeny. This shows that:
1. The two genes are most likely located on different chromosomes
2. One of the genes must be located on the X chromosome
3. The two genes are closely linked on the same chromosome
4. The two genes must be pleiotropic
In the periodic abstinence method of natural contraception, couples avoid or abstain from coitus:
1. at the beginning of the menstrual cycle.
2. around the timing of ovulation.
3. during the last days of the menstrual cycle.
4. during the entire menstrual cycle.
Encystation during unfavorable conditions followed by multiple fission and sporulation when favorable conditions return is seen in:
1. | Sponges | 2. | Penicillium |
3. | Amoeba | 4. | Hydra |
The number of chromosomes in a gamete of Ophioglossum is:
1. | 1260 | 2. | 380 |
3. | 630 | 4. | 78 |
In an angiosperm, the structure that develops and becomes a pollen sac is called:
1. | Megasporophyll | 2. | Megasporangium |
3. | Microsporangium | 4. | Microsporophyll |
Central cell in a female embryo sac, after triple fusion, becomes the:
1. | Zygote | 2. | Primary endosperm nucleus |
3. | Endosperm | 4. | Primary endosperm cell |
Seminal plasma mainly consists of contributions from all the following except:
1. Testes
2. Seminal vesicles
3. Prostate
4. Bulbo-urethral glands
Implantation in humans occurs:
1. at Morula stage, 4th - 5th day post fertilization
2. at Blastocyst stage, 4th - 5th day post fertilization
3. at Morula stage, 7th - 8th day post fertilization
4. at Blastocyst stage, 7th - 8th day post fertilization
Saheli, a non-steroidal oral contraceptive pill, was developed by scientists at:
1. | Hindustan Antibiotics Limited, Pune |
2. | Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow |
3. | Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, New Delhi |
4. | Smith Stanistreet Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Kolkata |
The government of India legalized Medical Termination of Pregnancy in:
1. | 1971 | 2. | 1975 |
3. | 1993 | 4. | 2017 |
If the F1 progeny in a monohybrid cross resembles both parents, most likely the alleles exhibit:
1. Incomplete dominance
2. Co-dominance
3. Complete dominance
4. Lack of segregation
The rediscovery of Mendel’s laws is credited to:
1. Morgan and Sturtevant
2. Knight and Goss
3. de Vries, Correns and Tschermak
4. Avery, Macleod and McCarty
The male honeybees:
1. do not have father and cannot have sons
2. do not have father but can have sons
3. do not have grandfather and cannot have grandsons
4. do not have father and do not have grandfather
A chromosomal disorder caused by a primary autosomal non-disjunction is:
1. | Klinefelter's syndrome | 2. | Turner's syndrome |
3. | Down's syndrome | 4. | Conn's syndrome |
What is incorrect regarding the salient features of the DNA double helix?
1. The two chains have anti-parallel polarity
2. The base pairing is complementary
3. Backbone of a strand is constituted by sugar-phosphate
4. The pitch is 0.34 nm
In the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiment, transformation will not take place if the tube is treated with:
1. lipase
2. RNase
3. DNase
4. protease
The salient features of the human genome include all of the following except:
1. | The functions are unknown for over 50 % of the discovered genes. |
2. | More than 2 % of the genome codes for proteins. |
3. | Chromosome 1 has the most genes. |
4. | Repeated sequences make up a very large portion of the human genome. |
Coelocanth called lobefins evolved into the first:
1. | Amphibians | 2. | Reptiles |
3. | Birds | 4. | Mammals |
The type of natural selection where more individuals acquire value other than the mean character value is known as:
1. | Stabilizing | 2. | Directional |
3. | Disruptive | 4. | Saltation |
Fitness in Darwinian terms is a measure of:
1. an organism's adaptability to various habitats.
2. the number of mates each individual of the population selects.
3. the relative health of each individual in the population.
4. the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation.
That formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution was proposed by:
1. Oparin and Haldane
2. Darwin and Wallace
3. Urey and Miller
4. Bernard Kettlewell
The size of VNTR [used in DNA fingerprinting] varies from:
1. | 0.1 to 20 kb | 2. | 20 to 30 kb |
3. | 50 to 100 kb | 4. | 115 to 215 kb |
The inducer of lac operon in E.coli is:
1. Repressor protein
2. Glucose
3. Lactose
4. Galactose
The radioactive isotope used to label the proteins of phage in Hershey and Chase experiment was:
1. 14C
2. 35S
3. 32P
4. 131I
In actual structure, the tRNA is a compact molecule which looks like:
1. a clover leaf
2. an inverted L
3. a beta pleated sheet
4. an alpha helix
The initiation and termination factors required for prokaryotic transcription are respectively denoted as:
1. | α and β | 2. | δ and θ |
3. | σ and ρ | 4. | Ψ and ΙΈ |
The mRNA codon UGG is the codon for amino acid:
1. | Tryptophan | 2. | Phenylalanine |
3. | Valine | 4. | Glutamic acid |
In a dihybrid cross between two pea plants with round and yellow seeds [heterozygous at both loci], the yellow and green color will segregate in a ratio:
1. | 1 : 1 | 2. | 3 : 1 |
3. | 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 | 4. | 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 |
A woman is of blood type A. Her daughter is type O and her son is type B. Which of the following is a possible phenotype for the father?
1. A
2. O
3. B
4. AB
A couple has a son. What is the probability that their next child will be a daughter?
1. ½
2. 1
3. 0
4. ¼
Identify an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism the effects of which can be completely overcome by regulating the diet of the affected individual:
1. | Cystic fibrosis | 2. | Huntington’s chorea |
3. | Albinism | 4. | Phenylketonuria |
A trait displays continuous phenotypic variation and is spread across a gradient. Usually, the inheritance of this trait can be described as:
1. dominant-recessive inheritance
2. multiple-allele inheritance
3. polygenic inheritance
4. sex-linked inheritance
In translation, the enzyme amino acyl-tRNA synthetase:
1. | synthesizes tRNA |
2. | attaches amino acids to tRNA |
3. | hydrolyzes excess tRNA molecules |
4. | helps tRNA synthesize amino acids |
The process of transcription and translation can be coupled in:
1. | E.coli | 2. | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
3. | Arabidopsis thaliana | 4. | Coenorhabditis elegans |
A male can be infertile if:
1. | the sperm count is less than 20 million per ml of semen |
2. | only 75% of the sperms are morphologically normal |
3. | only 75 % of the sperm exhibit vigorous motility |
4. | the Bulbourethral gland secretion is reduced to 75% |
The onset of puberty in humans coincides with a significant increase in the secretion of:
1. | LH | 2. | FSH |
3. | Adrenal androgens | 4. | GnRH |
A hormone secreted by the placenta and used in pregnancy to develop fetal metabolism and general growth and development is:
1. | Thyroxin | 2. | Cortisol |
3. | hPL | 4. | hCG |
During a menstrual cycle, the part of the female reproductive system that undergoes the greatest changes is the:
1. | Cervix | 2. | Uterine endometrium |
3. | Uterine perimetrium | 4. | Oviducts |
The most accurate sequence of hormones secreted during a typical menstrual cycle will be:
1. | FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone |
2. | LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone |
3. | FSH, estrogen, LH, progesterone |
4. | FSH, estrogen, progesterone, LH |
During embryonic development, which of the following structures actually differentiates into the embryo?
1. | Morula | 2. | Blastocyst |
3. | Inner cells mass | 4. | Trophoblast cells |
Identify the hormone that helps in parturition by its action on uterine smooth muscles and also in lactation by its action on myoepithelial cells:
1. | Vasopressin | 2. | Oxytocin |
3. | Progesterone | 4. | Estrogen |
The fetus body is covered with fine hair, eye-lids separate and eyelashes are formed by the end of:
1. One month of pregnancy
2. Two months of pregnancy
3. Three months of pregnancy
4. Six months of pregnancy
IVF may be used to overcome infertility due to:
I: | Blockage of fallopian tubes |
II: | A defect in sperm quality |
III: | A very low sperm count |
1. | Only I | 2. | Only I ad III |
3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II, and III |
Surgical interventions like tubectomy and vasectomy block:
1. | Ovulation | 2. | Spermatogenesis |
3. | Gamete transport | 4. | Implantation |
The menstrual cycle is seen in the females of all the following except:
1. | Humans | 2. | Apes |
3. | Dogs | 4. | Monkeys |
Corresponding to ‘monoecious’ in a plant, the bisexual condition in a fungus would be best described as:
1. | Homothallic | 2. | Heterothallic |
3. | Hermaphrodite | 4. | Complete ad perfect |
‘Germ pore’ in pollen in angiosperms:
1. | is a part of pollen intine where sporopollenin is present |
2. | is a part of pollen intine where sporopollenin is absent |
3. | is a part of pollen exine where sporopollenin is present |
4. | is a part of pollen exine where sporopollenin is absent |
Dioecy in flowering plants prevents:
1. autogamy but not geitonogamy
2. geitonogamy but not autogamy
3. both autogamy and geitonogamy
4. neither autogamy nor geitonogamy
When a plant grows from an embryo, the embryonic organ that persists for the entire life of the plant is:
1. | cotyledon | 2. | hypocotyl |
3. | suspensor | 4. | seed coat |
Seed formation is a more dependable reproductive strategy in angiosperms because:
1. | Pollination and fertilization are independent of water |
2. | Seeds have better adaptive strategies for dispersal |
3. | Seeds have sufficient food reserves |
4. | New genetic combinations are generated during seed formation |
Cellular thickenings called filiform apparatus are seen in:
1. | Antipodals | 2. | Synergids |
3. | Egg cell | 4. | Central cell |
Wind-pollinated flowers are characterized by the following, except:
1. | Light and non-sticky pollen grains |
2. | Well-exposed stamens |
3. | Many ovules in each ovary |
4. | Large, often-feathery stigma |
In a population in genetic equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive allele is found to be 0.2. What is the frequency of heterozygotes in this population?
1. | 0.8 | 2. | 0.16 |
3. | 0.32 | 4. | 0.64 |
“An Essay on the Principle of Population” that possibly influenced both Darwin and Wallace was written by:
1. JBS Haldane
2. T R Malthus
3. Eldregde and Gould
4. Georges Cuvier
At the time of the origin of life, the primeval earth's atmosphere most likely did not have significant amounts of:
1. | Free oxygen | 2. | Hydrogen |
3. | Ammonia | 4. | Methane |
The predominant site for control of gene expression in prokaryotes is:
1. Transcription initiation
2. Binding of mRNA to ribosome
3. Translation termination
4. Post translational modification
The untranslated regions [UTR] in mRNA:
1. are present at both 5’ and 3’ ends only in prokaryotes
2. are present at both 5’ and 3’ ends only in eukaryotes
3. are present at only 5’ end both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
4. are present at both 5’ and 3’ ends in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
In a transcription unit, the template and coding strands are defined by:
1. The structural gene
2. The promoter
3. The terminator
4. The operator
During DNA replication, the discontinuously synthesized fragments are joined by the enzyme:
1. Polynucleotide phosphorylase
2. DNA polymerase
3. DNA ligase
4. Restriction endonuclease
The first genetic map of a chromosome was constructed by:
1. | T H Morgan | 2. | Alfred Sturtevant |
3. | Hargobind Khorana | 4. | Marshall Nirenberg |
The number of cells in ‘Morula’ varies between:
1. | 8 – 16 | 2. | 16 – 32 |
3. | 32 – 48 | 4. | 48 – 64 |
The functions of male sex accessory ducts and glands are maintained directly by:
1. | GnRH | 2. | Gonadotropins |
3. | Testicular androgens | 4. | Adrenal medullary androgens |