1. | only PS I is functional |
2. | both photosystems work in series, first PS I and then PS II |
3. | only ATP synthesis takes place and NADPH is not synthesized |
4. | both ATP and NADPH are synthesized |
The antenna pigment molecules:
1. are responsible for photolysis of water to release oxygen
2. harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll
3. transfer electrons to chlorophyll a
4. transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH
1. | FMN | 2. | Cytochrome b |
3. | Fe-S | 4. | FAD |
In a cytochrome molecule, which of the following actually accepts and releases electrons?
1. | oxygen | 2. | zinc |
3. | carbon | 4. | iron |
The numbers of FADH2, ATP, Carbon dioxide and NADH molecules produced in a single turn of citric acid cycle respectively are:
1. | One, Two, Three and Four | 2. | One, One, Two and Three |
3. | One, Two, Two and Three | 4. | Two, One Two and Three |
1. | Aldopentose sugar | 2. | Ketopentose sugar |
3. | Aldohexose sugar | 4. | Ketohexose sugar |
1. | α–ketoglutaric acid | 2. | Oxalo succinic acid |
3. | Succinic acid | 4. | Fumaric acid |
In the citric acid cycle, succinate is oxidized to fumarate by an enzyme located in the:
1. outer mitochondrial membrane
2. intermembrane space
3. inner mitochondrial membrane
4. matrix
1. | NADH | 2. | NADPH |
3. | ATP | 4. | Water |
1. | Auxins | 2. | Cytokinins |
3. | Gibberellins | 4. | Ethylene |
Which one of the following pairs, is not correctly matched?
1. Abscisic acid - Stomatal closure
2. Gibberellic acid - Leaf fall
3. Cytokinin - Cell division
4. IAA - Cell wall elongation
The ‘triple response to mechanical stress’ is related to the plant growth regulator:
1. | Ethylene | 2. | ABA |
3. | Auxin | 4. | Cytokinin |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | Plant growth and development is intimately linked to the water status of a plant. |
Reason (R): | Oxygen helps in releasing metabolic energy essential for growth activities. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
1. | Differentiation | 2. | Dedifferentiation |
3. | Redifferentiation | 4. | Secondary growth |
NADH is produced during
I. glycolysis
II. the oxidation of pyruvate
III. the Krebs cycle
1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I and III |
3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II and III |
Root development is promoted by -
1. | Auxin | 2. | Gibberellin |
3. | Ethylene | 4. | Abscisic acid |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | Spraying cereal fields with 2,4-D eliminates monocot weeds. |
Reason (R): | Dicots can rapidly inactivate synthetic auxins. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
1. It functions as an enzymes
2. It functions as an electron carrier
3. It is a nucleotide source for ATP synthesis
4. It is the final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration
1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |
1. | Redifferentiation | 2. | Development |
3. | Plasticity | 4. | Differentiation |
The number of steps in the Kreb's cycle where oxidative decarboxylation takes place is:
1. | 1 | 2. | 2 |
3. | 3 | 4. | 6 |
Identify the correct relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration:
1. while only autotrophs photosynthesize, only heterotrophs respire
2. while photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics, respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP
3. photosynthesis occurs in day time and respiration at night
4. ATP cannot be formed during photosynthesis, it can only be formed in cellular respiration.
1. | 1 | 2. | 2 |
3. | 3 | 4. | 4 |
The net reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:
1. 2H2O + 2NAD+ + 3ADP + 3Pi \(\rightarrow\) O2 + 2NADH + 3ATP
2. 2H2O + 3NAD+ + 2ADP + 3Pi \(\rightarrow\) O2 + 3NADH + 2ATP
3. 2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi \(\rightarrow\) O2 + 2NADH + 3ATP
4. 2H2O + 3NADP+ + 2ADP + 3Pi \(\rightarrow\) O2 + 3NADH + 3ATP
Various factors affect stomatal movement. Which of the following is not a correct relation between the factor and stomatal movement?
1. Stomata open in the presence of light and close in darkness.
2. Stomata tend to open more with an increase in temperature especially up to 30C.
3. Water stress induces stomatal closure.
4. With an increase in carbon dioxide concentration inside the leaf, the stomata open.
1. | PS I | 2. | PS II |
3. | Both 1 and 2 | 4. | Neither 1 nor 2 |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | Pyruvate decarboxylation or pyruvate oxidation links glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. |
Reason (R): | Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
The importance of lactic acid fermentation lies in the fact that it:
1. | reduces NAD+ to NADH | 2. | reduces FAD+ to FADH2 |
3. | oxidizes NADH to NAD+ | 4. | reduces FADH2 to FAD+ |
Identify the correct statements regarding factors affecting photosynthesis:
I. At very high light intensities chlorophyll damage can occur due to photo-oxidation.
II. Affinity for carbon dioxide of the enzyme RuBisCO is reduced at higher temperatures.
III. The current availability of carbon dioxide may be a limiting factor for C3 plants.
IV. If leaf undergoes senescence, loss of chlorophyll occurs.
1. | I, II and III only | 2. | I, II and IV only |
3. | II, II and IV only | 4. | I, II, III and IV |
In photosystem-I, the first electron acceptor is :
1. | ferredoxin | 2. | cytochrome |
3. | plastocyanin | 4. | an iron-sulphur protein |
The source of hydrogen most probably used by the earliest photosynthesizers was:
1. | Hydrogen sulfide | 2. | Water |
3. | Methane | 4. | Glucose |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | Application of gibberellins can restore normal growth and development in all dwarf mutants. |
Reason (R): | Gibberellins act antagonist to auxin to promote stem elongation. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
1. | 24 ATP | 2. | 28 ATP |
3. | 33 ATP | 4. | 38 ATP |
1. | PS I | 2. | Oxygen |
3. | Water | 4. | Carbon dioxide |
Glycolytic pathway evolved very early in evolution. This is supported by the fact that:
1.The ATP production in glycolysis is much less than in oxidative phosphorylation.
2. It is found in the cytosol, does not involve oxygen, and is present in most organisms.
3. It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells.
4.It does not need any enzymes that evolved much later.
Photorespiration rates are increased by:
I. lowered availability of carbon dioxide
II. increased availability of oxygen
III. increased temperature
1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I and III |
3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II and III |
As compared to a plant, how many additional molecules of ATP are needed for net production of one molecule of hexose sugar by plants ?
1. | Zero | 2. | Six |
3. | Two | 4. | Twelve |
The reactions of the Calvin Cycle occur in:
1. stroma of the chloroplast
2. thylakoid membrane
3. lumen of the thylakoids
4. space between outer and inner membrane of the chloroplast
The source of oxygen for the synthesis of water in oxidative phosphorylation is:
1. | carbon dioxide | 2. | glucose |
3. | molecular oxygen | 4. | pyruvate |
Surface area for water absorption from soil by the roots of the plants is increased due to all of the following except:
1. | root hairs | 2. | endodermis |
3. | mycorrhizae | 4. | fibrous arrangement of the roots |
What percentage of ATP formed in a glycolytic pathway is formed by substrate-level phosphorylation?
1. | 0% | 2. | 3.5% |
3. | 32% | 4. | 100% |
Plants bend toward light because
1. light is the source of energy that drives photosynthesis.
2. the sun stimulates stem growth.
3. cell expansion is greater on the dark side of the stem.
4. there is inactivation of auxin on the dark side of the stem.
Isolated inner membrane of mitochondria can carry out:
1. the citric acid cycle
2. oxidative phosphorylation
3. glycolysis and fermentation
4. reduction of
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | PEP carboxylase can fix carbon more efficiently than RuBisCO when it is hot and dry and stomata are partially closed. |
Reason (R): | PEP carboxylase has a much high affinity for CO2 than RuBisCO and no affinity for O2. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
The four major lobes of the cerebrum are called as:
1. dorsal, ventral, lateral and medial
2. parietal, frontal, dorsal, occipital
3. motor, sensory, associative and integrative
4. frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
The pair of glands that are composed of follicles and stromal tissue is:
1. | Pancreas and adrenal | 2. | Thyroid and pituitary |
3. | Ovary and thyroid | 4. | Ovary and testis |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | Osteoporosis is common in post-menopausal women. |
Reason (R): | The small intestine in post-menopausal women is unable to absorb divalent cations such as calcium. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Cortisol, estrogen, progesterone, androgens and aldosterone:
1. are derived from cholesterol molecules
2. are polar molecules
3. include the prostaglandins and the sex hormones testosterone and progesterone
4. bind mostly to receptors in the cell membrane
Blood analysis of a patient reveals an unusually high quantity of carboxy-haemoglobin content. Which of the following conclusions is most likely to be correct ? The patient has been inhaling polluted air containing unusually high content of -
1. | Chloroform | 2. | Carbon dioxide |
3. | Carbon monoxide | 4. | carbon disulphide |
Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order:
a. calcium ions released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
b. sarcoplasmic reticulum takes up calcium ions
c. calcium ions diffuse towards troponin
d. action potential moves down the T tubule
e. the length of the sarcomere shortens
f. muscle relaxes
1. | a, c, d, e, b, f | 2. | b, c, e, d, f, a |
3. | d, a, c, e, b, f | 4. | d, b, c, e, a, f |
What percent of filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules in human kidneys?
1. | Less than 5% | 2. | About 50% |
3. | About 70% | 4. | More than 99% |
Identify an exocrine gland amongst the following:
1. | adrenal | 2. | pineal |
3. | parathyroid | 4. | salivary |
1. | P wave | 2. | R wave |
3. | S wave | 4. | T wave |
An injury to the cerebellum would most probably lead to:
1. | hyperphagia | 2. | coma |
3. | aphasia | 4. | ataxia |
Neurotransmitters:
1. are chemical signals.
2. are broken down slowly after they are released.
3. occur in gap junctions.
4. are released by the postsynaptic cell.
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | It is important that the lungs are situated in air-tight thoracic chamber. |
Reason (R): | Humans cannot directly alter the pulmonary volumes. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
1. | H zone | 2. | A band |
3. | I band | 4. | Sarcomere |
In haemodialysis, the cleared blood is pumped back to the body:
1. through a vein after adding heparin
2. through a vein after adding anti-heparin
3. through an artery after adding heparin
4. through an artery after adding anti-heparin
To maintain the pH and ionic balance of the body fluids, the proximal convoluted tubule selectively secretes all the following into the filtrate except:
1. | Hydrogen ion | 2. | Potassium ion |
3. | Ammonia | 4. | Bicarbonate ion |
A countercurrent mechanism system is a mechanism that expends energy to create a concentration gradient. This mechanism in human kidneys involves:
1. proximal tubule and distal tubule.
2. loop of Henle and vasa recta.
3. distal tubule and collecting duct.
4. glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
A motor unit is
1. all the muscle fibers innervated by all the motor neurons in a muscle.
2. all the fibers in one fasciculus.
3. all the muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron in a muscle.
4. all the motor neurons that innervate one muscle fiber in a muscle.
With respect to the human upper limb, identify the incorrectly matched pair:
1. Number of bones in arm: 1
2. Number of bones in forearm: 2
3. Number of bones in wrist: 10
4. Number of bones in fingers: 14
The number of pairs of vertebrosternal ribs in humans are:
1. | 3 | 2. | 2 |
3. | 7 | 4. | 10 |
If the heart rate is 60 per minute, the duration of each cardiac cycle will be:
1. | 0.8 seconds | 2. | 0.75 seconds |
3. | 1.0 second | 4. | 1.2 second |
The GFR will be decreased if there is:
1. elevated blood pressure
2. constriction of the afferent arterioles
3. decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure
4. decreased capsule pressure
All the following would be true for the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, except:
1. secreted from the zona glomerulosa
2. decreases blood Na+ levels
3. stimulated by angiotensin II
4. raises blood volume
All the following lead to a right shift of oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve except:
1. Increase in pH
2. Increase in temperature
3. Increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide
4. Presence of 2,3-DPG
The urine examination of a healthy person should not show the presence of:
1. | nitrogenous waste | 2. | chloride |
3. | protein | 4. | sodium |
The superior and inferior radioulnar joints are examples of
1. | gliding joint | 2. | hinge joint |
3. | condyloid joint | 4. | pivot joint |
1. | Zygomatic | 2. | Sphenoid |
3. | Nasal | 4. | Maxilla |
In its actions on carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, which of the following hormones can be described as antagonistic to insulin?
1. | Glucagon | 2. | Cortisol |
3. | Thyroxin | 4. | Growth hormone |
The second most common formed elements in the human blood are:
1. | Proteins | 2. | Water |
3. | RBC | 4. | Thrombocytes |
The rarest white blood cells are:
1. | neutrophils | 2. | eosinophils |
3. | basophils | 4. | lymphocytes |
All the following are related to the limbic system in the human brain except:
1. | Amygdala | 2. | Hippocampus |
3. | Olfactory bulb | 4. | Corpus callosum |
Which of the following is most likely to take place during quiet expiration?
1. abdominal muscles relax.
2. diaphragm moves inferiorly.
3. external intercostal muscles contract.
4. thorax and lungs passively recoil.
The trachea is surrounded by 16 to 20 incomplete and C-shaped rings of:
1. | Hyaline cartilage | 2. | Elastic cartilage |
3. | Fibrous cartilage | 4. | Calcified cartilage |
Which substance is filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted by different regions of the nephron tubules?
1. | potassium ion (K+) | 2. | inulin |
3. | urea | 4. | glucose |
The SA node is called as the normal pacemaker of the human heart because:
1. it is the only muscle in the nodal tissue and human heart is myogenic
2. it is the remnant of the sinus venosus
3. it is located in the right atrium, and atria must contract before ventricles
4. it generates impulse at maximum rate in the nodal tissue
The first heart sound is heard during the:
1. Beginning of ventricular systole
2. End of ventricular systole
3. Beginning of atrial systole
4. End of ventricular diastole
The peripheral chemoreceptors for regulation of respiration are located:
1. adjacent to the rhythm center
2. near arch of aorta and carotid artery
3. in the walls of trachea
4. in the walls of the alveoli
1. | Foramen of Monroe | 2. | Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius |
3. | Corpus callosum | 4. | Cerebellar peduncles |
Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased chances of fractures. It can be treated by HRT [Hormone replacement therapy]. The hormone is:
1. | Oestrogen | 2. | Progesterone |
3. | hCG | 4. | DHEA |
When carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin in blood, it forms:
1. | Carboxyhemoglobin | 2. | Carbaminohemoglobin |
3. | Methemoglobin | 4. | Oxidized hemoglobin |
During concentration of urine, urea diffuses out of and enters respectively into the:
1. proximal tubule, descending limb of the vasa recta
2. descending limb of vasa recta, ascending limb of the loop of Henle
3. ascending limb of the loop of Henle, collecting duct
4. collecting duct, ascending limb of the loop of Henle
You are required to draw blood from a patient and keep it in a test tube for analysis of blood corpuscles and plasma. You are also provided with the following four types of test tubes. Which of these will you not use for the purpose?
1. Test tube containing calcium bicarbonate
2. Chilled test tube
3. Test tube containing heparin
4. Test tube containing sodium oxalate
What would be the approximate volume of blood pumped by both ventricles under normal resting physiological conditions in a healthy human adult?
1. | 10 L | 2. | 8 L |
3. | 5 L | 4. | 2.5 L |
An ATPase activity is associated with:
1. | G actin molecule | 2. | head of myosin molecule |
3. | troponin molecule | 4. | F actin |
Dehydration in human body will:
1. inhibit the thirst center
2. cause stomach distention
3. stimulate osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
4. inhibit ADH secretion
Secretin and cholecystokinin are digestive hormones. They are secreted in
1. | Oesophagus | 2. | Ileum |
3. | Duodenum | 4. | Pyloric stomach |
In the resting state of the neural membrane, diffusion due to concentration gradients, if allowed would drive
1. K+ into the cell
2. Na+ into the cell
3. Na+ out of the cell
4. K+ and Na+ out of the cell
Which of the given three layers in the respiratory membrane is/are one-celled thick?
I. Alveolar epithelium
II. Basement substance
III. Vascular endothelium
1. | Only I | 2. | Only I and II |
3. | Only I and III | 4. | I, II and III |