FORTIUS - PYQ based Unit Test # 3

Botany - Section A

1.

One scientist cultured Cladophora in a suspension of Azotobacter and illuminated the culture by splitting light through a prism. He observed that bacteria accumulated mainly in the region of :

1.	Violet and green light	2.	Indigo and green light
3.	Orange and yellow light	4.	Blue and red light

2.

Read the following four statements a, b, c and d and select the right option having both correct statements:

(a)	Z scheme of light reaction takes place in presence of PS I only
(b)	Only PS I is functional in cyclic photophosphorylation
(c)	Cyclic photophosphorylation results into synthesis of ATP and NADPH
(d)	Stroma lamellae lack PS II as well as NADP reductase

Options:

1.	(c) and (d)	2.	(b) and (d)
3.	(a) and (b)	4.	(b) and (c)

3.

The Avena curvature is used for bioassay of?

1.	GA₃	2.	IAA
3.	Ethylene	4.	ABA

4.

The ratio of carbon dioxide fixation between C₄ plants and C₃ plants is :

1.	2 : 1	2.	2 : 3
3.	1 : 1	4.	1 : 2

5.

The number of substrate level of phosphorylations in one turn of citric acid cycle is:

1.	One	2.	Two
3.	Three	4.	Four

6.

In the sugarcane plant, ¹⁴CO₂ is fixed in malic acid because the enzyme that fixes CO₂ is:-
1. Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase
2. Phosphoenol pyruvic acid carboxylase
3. Ribulose phosphate kinase
4. Fructose phosphatase

7.

In which one of the following do the two names refer to one and the same thing:
1. Kreb's cycle and Calvin cycle
2. Tricarboxylic acid cycle and citric acid cycle
3. Citric acid cycle and Calvin cycle
4. Tricarboxylic acid cycle and urea cycle

8. Which plant growth regulator can be sprayed to increase length of stems in sugarcane?
1. Auxin
2. Ethylene
3. ABA
4. Gibberellin

9. Consider the given two statements:

Assertion (A):	Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Reason (R):	The inner mitochondrial membrane is permeable to protons.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A)
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A)
3.	(A) is True but (R) is False
4.	Both (A) and (R) are False

10.

As compared to a $C_{3}$ -plant, how many additional molecules of ATP are needed for net production of one molecule of hexose sugar by $C_{4}$ -plants -

1.	Zero	2.	Six
3.	Two	4.	Twelve

11.

One of the commonly used plant growth hormone in tea plantations is -

1.	Abscisic acid	2.	Zeatin
3.	Indole-3- acetic acid	4.	Ethylene

12.

Parthenocarpic tomato fruits can be produced by:

1.	removing androecium of flowers before pollen grains are released
2.	treating the plants with low concentrations of gibberellic acid and auxins
3.	raising the plants from vernalised seeds
4.	treating the plants with phenylmercuric acetate

13. Which of the following growth regulators is an adenine derivative ?

1.	Auxin	2.	Cytokinin
3.	Ethylene	4.	Abscisic acid

14.

Which one of the following growth regulators is known as stress hormone ?

1.	Abscisic acid	2.	Ethylene
3.	GA₃	4.	Indole acetic acid

15.

Removal of shoot tips is a very useful technique to boost the production of tea leaves. This is because

1.	Gibberellins prevent bolting and are inactivated.
2.	Auxins prevent leaf drop at early stages.
3.	Effect of auxins is removed and growth of lateral buds is enhanced.
4.	Gibberellins delay senescence of leaves.

16.

Cell elongation in internodal regions of the green plants takes place due to:-

1.	Cytokinins	2.	Gibberellins
3.	Ethylene	4.	Indole acetic acid

17.

What causes a green plant exposed to the light on only one side, to bend toward the source of light as it grows?

1.	Green plants need light to perform photosynthesis
2.	Green plants seek light because they are phototropic
3.	Light stimulates plant cells on the lighted side to grow faster
4.	Auxin accumulates on the shaded side, stimulating greater cell elongation

18.

The correct sequence of cell organelles during photorespiration is:
1. chloroplast-Golgi bodies-mitochondria
2. chloroplast-rough endoplasmic reticulum-dictyosomes
3. chloroplast-mitochondria-peroxisome
4. chloroplast-vacuole-peroxisome

19. Fatty acids are connected with the respiratory pathway through:
1. Acetyl CoA
2. α - Ketoglutaric acid
3. Dihydroxy acetone phosphate
4. Pyruvic acid

20. Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):

Assertion (A):	ATP is used at two steps in glycolysis .
Reason (R):	First ATP is used in converting glucose into glocose-6-phosphate and second ATP is used in conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1-6-diphosphate.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

1.	(A) is False but (R) is True.
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
3.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
4.	(A) is True but (R) is False.

21.

Where is the respiratory electron transport system (ETS) located in plants?
1. Mitochondrial matrix
2. Outer mitochondrial membrane
3. Inner mitochondrial membrane
4. Intermembrane space

22.

Which statement is wrong for Krebs cycle?

1.	There are three points in the cycle where ${NAD}^{+}$ is reduced to NADH + $H^{+}$
2.	There is one point in the cycle where ${FAD}^{+}$ is reduced to ${FADH}_{2}$
3.	During conversion of succinyl Co-A to succinic acid, a molecule of GTP is synthesised
4.	The cycle starts with condensation of acetyl group (acetyl Co-A) with pyruvic acid to yield citric acid

23.

The structures that are formed by stacking of organised flattened membranous sacs in the chloroplasts are

1.	cristae	2.	grana
3.	stroma lamellae	4.	stroma

24.

Plants follow different pathways in response to environment or phases of life to form different kinds of structures. This ability is called:

1.	Plasticity	2.	Maturity
3.	Elasticity	4.	Flexibility

25.

In alcohol fermentation:

1.	Triose phosphate is the electron donor while acetaldehyde is the electron acceptor
2.	Triose phosphate is the electron donor while pyruvic acid is the electron acceptor
3.	There is no electron donor
4.	Oxygen is the electron acceptor

26.

The oxygen evolved during photosynthesis comes from water molecules. Which one of the following pairs of elements are involved in this reaction?
1. Manganese and chlorine
2. Manganese and potassium
3. Magnesium and molybdenum
4. Magnesium and chlorine

27.

C₄-plants are more efficient in photosynthesis than C₃-plants due to:

1.	higher leaf area
2.	presence of larger number of chloroplasts in the leaf cells
3.	presence of thin cuticle
4.	lower rate of photorespiration

28. What is necessary for the reduction of NADP⁺ to NADPH + H⁺?
1. Only electrons
2. Only protons
3. Electrons and protons
4. Water molecules

29.

Respiratory Quotient (RQ) value of tripalmitin is:

1.	0.09	2.	0.9
3.	0.7	4.	0.007

30.

The first step for initiation of photosynthesis will be:

1.	Photolysis of water
2.	Excitement of chlorophyll molecule due to absorption of light
3.	ATP formation
4.	Glucose formation

31.

Glycolysis is found in the cytoplasm of virtually all types of aerobic/anaerobic cells. In this process, glucose is converted into :

1.	PEP	2.	acetyl CoA
3.	pyruvic acid	4.	citric acid

32.

Which of the following is the connecting link between glycolysis and Kreb's cycle?

1.	Acetyl Co-A	2.	Oxalosuccinic acid
3.	Pyruvic acid	4.	Citric acid

33.

Emerson’s enhancement effect and red drop have been instrumental in the discovery of?

1.	two photosystems operating simultaneously
2.	photophosphorylation and cyclic electron transport
3.	oxidative photophorylation
4.	photophosphorylation and non-cyclic electron transport

34.

With reference to factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, which of the following statements is not correct?

1.	Increasing atmospheric ${CO}_{2}$ concentration up to 0.05 % can enhance ${CO}_{2}$ fixation rate
2.	$C_{3}$ plants respond to higher temperatures with enhanced photosynthesis while $C_{4}$ plants have much lower temperature optimum
3.	Tomato is a greenhouse crop which can be grown in ${CO}_{2}$ – enriched atmosphere for higher yield
4.	Light saturation for ${CO}_{2}$ fixation occurs at 10% of full sunlight

35.

The process which makes major difference between C3 and C4 plants is:

1.	glycolysis	2.	Calvin cycle
3.	photorespiration	4.	respiration

Botany - Section B

36.

In C₃ plants, the first stable product of photosynthesis during the dark reaction is :-

1.	Oxaloacetic acid	2.	3-phosphoglyceric acid
3.	Phosphoglyceraldehyde	4.	Malic acid

37.

Which of the following PGR is present in coconut milk which is used in tissue culture?

1.	Cytokinin	2.	Auxin
3.	Gibberellin	4.	Ethylene

38.

Which of the metabolites is common to respiration, mediated breakdown of fats, carbohydrates and proteins?
1. Glucose-6-phosphate
2. Fructose 1, 6, bisphosphate
3. Pyruvic acid
4. Acetyl Co-A

39.

In which one of the following processes ${CO}_{2}$ is not released?
1. Aerobic respiration in plants
2. Aerobic respiration in animals
3. Alcoholic fermentation
4. Lactate fermentation

40.

During non-cyclic photophosphorylation, when electrons are lost from the reaction center at PS II, what is the source which replaces these electrons?

1.	Oxygen	2.	Water
3.	Carbon dioxide	4.	Light

41. Which one of the following acids is a derivative of carotenoids?
1. Indole-butyric acid
2. Indole-3-acetic acid
3. Gibberellic acid
4. Abscisic acid

42.

The oxygenation activity of RuBisCO enzyme in photorespiration leads to the formation of:

1.	1 molecule of the 3-C compound
2.	1 molecule of the 6-C compound
3.	1 molecule of a 4-C compound and 1 molecule of the 2-C compound
4.	2 molecules of the 3-C compound

43. In considering the multifaceted and intricate conditions necessary for optimal plant growth, which of the following elements is integral due to its role in the enlargement of plant cells, facilitating extension growth through cellular turgidity and serving as a medium for enzymatic activities essential for growth?
1. Oxygen
2. Nutrients
3. Water
4. Carbon dioxide

44.

A plant in your garden avoids photorespiratory losses, has improved water use efficiency, shows high rates of photosynthesis at high temperatures and has improved efficiency of nitrogen utilization. In which of the following physiological groups would you assign this plant?

1.	C₄	2.	CAM
3.	Nitrogen-fixer	4.	C₃

45.

During which stage in the complete oxidation of glucose, is the greatest number of ATP molecules formed from ADP?
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs cycle
3. Electron transport
4. Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA

46.

For the synthesis of one glucose molecule the Calvin cycle operates for :

1.	2 times	2.	4 times
3.	6 times	4.	8 times

47.

Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, the first irreversible reaction of glycolysis, is catalyzed by:
1. Phosphofructokinase
2. Aldolase
3. Hexokinase
4. Enolase

48.

It takes very long time for pineapple plants to produce flowers. Which combination of hormones can be applied to artificially induce flowering in pineapple plants throughout the year to increase yield?
1. Cytokinin and Abscisic acid
2. Auxin and Ethylene
3. Gibberellin and Cytokinin
4. Gibberellin and Abscisic acid

49.

Match List-I with List II

	List-I		List-II
(a)	ETS complex-I	(i)	Cyt bc1
(b)	ETS complex-II	(ii)	Cyt a,a3 and 2 copper centres
(c)	ETS complex-III	(iii)	NADH dehydrogenase
(d)	ETS complex-IV	(iv)	Ubiquinone and FADH₂ dehydrogenase

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(ii)	(i)	(iv)	(iii)
2.	(iv)	(iii)	(ii)	(i)
3.	(iii)	(ii)	(i)	(iv)
4.	(iii)	(iv)	(i)	(ii)

50.

In a chloroplast the highest number of protons are found in

1.	lumen of thylakoids	2.	inter membrane space
3.	antenna complex	4.	stroma

Zoology - Section A

51.

Select the correct statement regarding the specific disorder of muscular or skeletal system.

1.	Myasthenia gravis - Autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments.
2.	Gout - Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium.
3.	Muscular dystrophy - Age related shortening of muscles.
4.	Osteoporosis - Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age.

52.

The 'blue baby' syndrome results from:
1. excess of chloride
2. methaemoglobin
3. excess of dissolved oxygen
4. excess of TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)

53.

Which of the following statements is correct?

1.	The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water
2.	The descending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water
3.	The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water
4.	The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to electrolytes

54.

The figure shows a diagrammatic view of human respiratory system with labels A, B, C and D. Select the option, which gives correct identification and main function and/or characteristic.

1.	A-trachea-long tube supported by complete cartilaginous rings for conducting inspired air
2.	B-pleural membrane-surrounds ribs on both sides to provide cushion against rubbing
3.	C-alveoli-thin walled vascular bag-like structures for exchange of gases
4.	D-lower end of lungs-diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration

55.

Contraction in gall is bladder stimulated by :

1.	CCK	2.	PZ
3.	Secretin	4.	Enterogastrin

56.

Match the items in Column - I with those in Column - II:

	Column - I		Column - II
(a)	Podocytes	(i)	Crystallised oxalate
(b)	Protonephridia	(ii)	Annelids
(c)	Nephridia	(iii)	Amphioxus
(d)	Renal calculi	(iv)	Filtration slits

Select the correct option from the following:

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(iii)	(iv)	(ii)	(i)
2.	(iii)	(ii)	(iv)	(i)
3.	(iv)	(iii)	(ii)	(i)
4.	(iv)	(ii)	(iii)	(i)

57.

A person is having problems with calcium and phosphorus metabolism in his body. Which one of the following glands may not be functioning properly?

1.	Parathyroid	2.	Parotid
3.	Pancreas	4.	Thyroid

58.

The majority of carbon dioxide produced by our body cells is transported to the lungs:
1. dissolved in the blood
2. as bicarbonates
3. as carbonates
4. attached to haemoglobin

59.

The diagram given here is the standard ECG of a normal person, The P - wave represents the:

1. Initiation of the ventricular contraction
2. Beginning of the systole
3. End of systole
4. Contraction of both the atria

60.

The characteristics and an example of a synovial joint in humans is:

	Characteristics	Examples
1.	Fluid filled between two joints, provide cushion	Skull Bones
2.	Lymph filled between two bones, limited motion	Gliding joint between carpals
3.	Fluid filled synovial cavity between two bones	Joint between atlas and axis
4.	Fluid cartilage between two bones, limited motion	Knee joint

61.

Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls.
1. Pleurisy
2. Pneumonia
3. Emphysema
4. Asthma

62.

When a neuron is at resting state, i.e., not conducting any impulse, the axonal membrane is

1.	equally permeable to both ${Na}^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ ions
2.	impermeable to both ${Na}^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ ions
3.	comparatively more permeable to $K^{+}$ ions and nearly impermeable to ${Na}^{+}$ ions
4.	comparatively more permeable to ${Na}^{+}$ ions and nearly impermeable to $K^{+}$ ions

63.

Which pair is correct:
1. Sweat = temperature regulation
2. Saliva = sense of food taste
3. Sebum = sexual attraction
4. Humerus = Hind leg

64.

Which gland decreases in size with increasing age :

1.	Thyroid	2.	Adrenal
3.	Thymus	4.	Pituitary

65.

Which of the following does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?
1. Alcohol
2. Caffeine
3. Renin
4. Atrial-natriuretic factor

66.

Which of the following statement is correct in relation to the endocrine system?

1.	Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus
2.	Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones
3.	Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones
4.	Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland

67.

Terrestrial adaptations necessitated the production of:

1.	Highly toxic nitrogenous wastes like urea and uric acid
2.	Lesser toxic nitrogenous wastes like urea and uric acid
3.	Lesser toxic nitrogenous wastes like ammonia and urea
4.	Highly toxic nitrogenous wastes like ammonia and urea

68.

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?

1.	Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release
2.	An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates the formation of angiotensin II
3.	During summer when the body loses a lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed
4.	When someone drinks a lot of water, ADH release is suppressed

69.

Three of the following pairs of the human skeletal parts are correctly matched with their respective inclusive skeletal category and one pair is not matched. Identify the non-matching pair.

	Pairs of skeletal parts	Category
1.	Malleus and stapes	Ear ossicles
2.	Sternum and ribs	Axial skeleton
3.	Clavicle and glenoid cavity	Pelvic girdle
4.	Humerus and ulna	Appendicular skeleton

70.

Graves' disease is caused due to?
1. hyposecretion of thyroid gland
2. hypersecretion of thyroid gland
3. hyposecretion of adrenal gland
4. hypersecretion of adrenal gland

71.

What would be the heart rate of a person if the cardiac output is 5L, blood volume in the ventricles at the end of diastole is 100 mL and at the end of ventricular systole is 50 mL?
1. 125 beats per minute
2. 50 beats per minute
3. 75 beats per minute
4. 100 beats per minute

72.

Match the following columns and select the correct option:

	Column I		Column II
(a)	Pneumotaxic Centre	(i)	Alveoli
(b)	O₂ Dissociation curve	(ii)	Pons region of the brain
(c)	Carbonic Anhydrase	(iii)	Haemoglobin
(d)	Primary site of exchange of gases	(iv)	R.B.C.

Options:	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(i)	(iii)	(ii)	(iv)
2.	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)	(i)
3.	(iii)	(ii)	(iv)	(i)
4.	(iv)	(i)	(iii)	(ii)

73.

How do parasympathetic neural signals affect the working of the heart?

1.	Reduce both heart rate and cardiac output
2.	Heart rate is increased without affecting the cardiac output
3.	Both heart rate and cardiac output increase
4.	Heart rate decreases but cardiac output increases

74.

Which of the following is used in the treatment of Thyroid cancer: -

1.	I₁₃₁	2.	U₂₃₈
3.	Ra₂₂₄	4.	C₁₄

75.

Globulins contained in human blood plasma are primarily involved in:
1. defence mechanisms of body
2. osmotic balance of body fluids
3. oxygen transport in the blood
4. clotting of blood

76.

Number of bones in hind limb of man:

1.	14	2.	24
3.	26	4.	30

77.

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:

	Column I		Column II
a.	Glycosuria	i.	Accumulation of uric acid in joints
b.	Gout	ii.	Mass of crystallized salts within the kidney
c.	Renal calculi	iii.	Inflammation in glomeruli
d.	Glomerulonephritis	iv.	Presence of glucose in urine

Options:

	a	b	c	d
1.	iii	ii	iv	i
2.	i	ii	iii	iv
3.	ii	iii	i	iv
4.	iv	i	ii	iii

78.

Listed below are four respiratory capacities (1-4) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult.

	Respiratory capacities	Respiratory volume
(a)	Residual volume	2500 mL
(b)	Vital capacity	3500 mL
(c)	Inspiratory reserve volume	1200 mL
(d)	Inspiratory capacity	4500 mL

Which one of the following is the correct matching of two capacities and volumes?
1. (a) 2500 mL, (d) 4500 mL
2. (c) 1200 mL, (a) 2500 mL
3. (b) 4500 mL, (c) 2500 mL
4. (d) 4500 mL, (b) 3500 mL

79.

Which type of white blood cells are concerned with the release of histamine and the natural anticoagulant heparin?

1.	Neutrophils	2.	Basophils
3.	Eosinophils	4.	Monocytes

80.

Sliding filament theory can be best explained as

1.	when myofilaments slide pass each other, actin filaments shorten while myosin filaments do not shorten
2.	actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide pass each other
3.	actin and myosin filaments do not shorten but rather slide pass each other
4.	when myofilaments slide pass each other, myosin filaments shorten while actin filaments do not shorten

81.

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:

	Column – I		Column – II
(a)	Tricuspid valve	(i)	Between left atrium and left ventricle
(b)	Bicuspid valve	(ii)	Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
(c)	Semilunar valve	(iii)	Between right atrium and right ventricle

Codes:

	(a)	(b)	(c)
1.	(i)	(ii)	(iii)
2.	(i)	(iii)	(ii)
3.	(iii)	(i)	(ii)
4.	(ii)	(i)	(iii)

82.

People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 meters have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude:

1.	people get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available
2.	atmospheric O₂ level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of O₂ to survive
3.	there is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production
4.	people eat more nutritive food, therefore more RBCs are formed

83. Corpus callosum:
I: is seen in all mammal brains except humans
II: connects pons with the rest of the brain
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

84.

The hepatic portal vein drains blood to liver from

1.	heart	2.	stomach
3.	kidneys	4.	intestine

85.

Myelin sheath is produced by:
1. Astrocytes and Schwann cells
2. Oligodendrocytes and Osteoclasts
3. Osteoclasts and Astrocytes
4. Schwann cells and Oligodendrocytes

Zoology - Section B

86.

Select the correct events that occur during inspiration.
(a) Contraction of diaphragm
(b) Contraction of external inter-costal muscles
(c) Pulmonary volume decreases
(d) Intra pulmonary pressure increases

1.	(c) and (d)	2.	(a), (b) and (d)
3.	only (d)	4.	(a) and (b)

87.

Thickening of arteries due to cholesterol deposition is:

1.	atherosclerosis	2.	rheumatic heart
3.	blood pressure	4.	cardiac arrest

88.

Erythropoietin, hormone which stimulates R.B.C. formation, is produced by:
1. The cells of bone marrow
2. Juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney
3. Alpha cells of the pancreas
4. The cells of the rostral adenohypophysis

89.

What will happen if ligaments are cut or broken?
1. Bones will move freely at joints
2. No movement at joint
3. Bone will become unfixed
4. Bone will become fixed

90.

Match the following parts of a nephron with their function:

(a)	Descending limb of Henle's loop	(i)	Reabsorption of salts
(b)	Proximal convoluted tubule	(ii)	Reabsorption of water
(c)	Ascending limb of Henle's loop	(iii)	Conditional reabsorption of sodium ions and water
(d)	Distal convoluted tubule	(iv)	Reabsorption of ions, water and organic nutrients

Select the correct option from the following:

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(i)	(iii)	(ii)	(iv)
2.	(ii)	(iv)	(i)	(iii)
3.	(i)	(iv)	(ii)	(iii)
4.	(iv)	(i)	(iii)	(ii)

91.

Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?
1. Insulin and glucagon
2. Thyroxine and insulin
3. Somatostatin and oxytocin
4. Cortisol and testosterone

92.

Which of the following process of urine formation takes place all along the renal tubule and collecting duct?
1. Ultrafiltration and tubular reabsorption
2. Ultrafiltration and tubular secretion
3. Tubular reabsorption and secretion
4. Anti-current mechanism and reabsorption

93.

Which one of the following is correct ?
1. Serum = Blood + Fibrinogen
2. Lymph = Plasma + RBC + WBC
3. Blood = Plasma + RBC + WBC + Platelets
4. Plasma = Blood – Lymphocytes

94.

In human body, which one of the following is anatomically correct?

1.	Floating ribs-2 pairs	2.	Collar bones-3 pairs
3.	Salivary glands-1 pair	4.	Cranial nerves-10 pairs

95.

Doctors use a stethoscope to hear the sounds produced during each cardiac cycle. The second sound is heard when

1.	AV valves open up
2.	Ventricular walls vibrate due to gushing in of blood from atria
3.	Semilunar valves close down after the blood flows into vessels from ventricles
4.	AV node receives the signal from SA node

96.

ATPase enzyme needed for muscle contraction is located in

1.	Troponin	2.	Myosin
3.	Actin	4.	Actinin

97.

Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

1.	Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration.
2.	Low levels of antidiuretic hormone.
3.	Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys.
4.	Secretion of erythropoietin by Juxtaglomerular complex.

98.

Which one of the following is the correct matching of three items and their grouping category?

	Items	Group
1.	Malleus, incus cochlea	Ear ossicles
2.	Ilium, ischium, pubis	Coxal bones of pelvic girdle
3.	Actin, myosin rhodopsin	Muscle proteins
4.	Cytosine, uracil thiamine	pyrimidines

99.

Calcium is important in skeletal muscle contraction because it

1.	Detaches the myosin head from the actin filament
2.	Activates the myosin ATPase by binding on it
3.	Binds to troponin to remove the masking of active sites on actin for myosin
4.	Prevents the formation of bonds between the myosin cross bridges and the actin filament

100.

Bulk of carbon dioxide (CO₂) released from body tissues into the blood is present as:
1. carbaminohaemoglobin in RBCs
2. bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs
3. free CO₂ in blood plasma
4. 70% carbaminohaemoglobin and 30% as bicarbonate

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