ALTIUS - Unit Test # 1

Botany - Section A

1.

The unusual red color of water that you see in the picture will most likely be due to:

1.	Cyanobacteria	2.	Lichens
3.	Chrysophytes	4.	Dinoflagellates

2.

Identify the structure of the amino acid that is a Zwitter ion :

1.		2.
3.		4.

3.

What event is considered as the precursor to ‘seed habit’ in plants?
1. Pollination by insects
2. Evolution of pollen tube
3. Heterospory
4. Dominance of sporophyte

4.

The giant redwood tree, Sequoia, belongs to:

1.	Bryophyta	2.	Pteridophyta
3.	Gymnospermae	4.	Angiospermae

5.

Wheat belongs to the Order:

1.	Poaceae	2.	Poales
3.	Monocotyledonae	4.	Angiospermae

6.

In a dicot root, initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in the cells of:

1.	Outer cortex	2.	Inner cortex
3.	Endodermis	4.	Pericycle

7.

Given are the following five statements (I - V) for your consideration:

I:	In Equisetum, the female gametophyte is retained on the parent sporophyte
II:	In Ginkgo, male gametophyte is not independent
III:	The sporophyte in Marchantia is more developed than that in Polytrichum
IV:	Sexual reproduction in Volvox is isogamous
V:	The spores of slime moulds lack cell walls

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

1.	Three	2.	Four
3.	One	4.	Two

8. In Dianthus or Primrose, the ovule is:

1.	borne on a ridge along the ventral suture of the ovary
2.	attached to axial placenta in a multilocular ovary
3.	borne on central axis and septa are absent
4.	single and attached to placenta at the base of the ovary

9.

The diversity in living beings is due to
1. Mutations
2. Long term evolutionary changes
3. Short term evolutionary changes
4. Gradual changes

10.

What is the arrangement of various regions starting from root tip?

1.	Root cap, cell division, cell enlargement and cell maturation
2.	Root cap, cell division, cell maturation and cell enlargement
3.	Cell division, cell maturation, cell enlargement and root cap
4.	Cell division, cell enlargement, cell maturation and root cap

11.

You do not expect to see flagella during the life cycle of:

1.	Spirogyra	2.	Dictyota
3.	Sargassum	4.	Polysiphonia

12.

Embryonic leaves of oil seeds are expected to contain large amounts of:

1.	Chromoplasts	2.	Amyloplasts
3.	Aleuroplasts	4.	Elaioplasts

13.

In competitive inhibition, if the concentration of the substrate is increased :
1. the rate of the reaction is increased
2. the rate of the reaction is decreased
3. the rate of the reaction is not affected
4. the reaction direction is reversed

14.

Identify the correctly matched pair/s:

I:	Peroxidase	Haem is the prosthetic group
II:	Coenzymes NAD and NADP	Contain niacin
III:	Carboxypeptidase	Zinc is the cofactor

1.	I, II and III	2.	Only II and III
3.	Only I	4.	Only III

15.

All the following can be seen in a typical plant cell except:

1.	Lysosomes	2.	Glyoxysomes
3.	Centrosomes	4.	Chromosomes

16.

What type of protein structure is the beta-pleated sheet?

1.	Primary	2.	Secondary
3.	Tertiary	4.	Quaternary

17.

An organelle is seen to possess a single circular chromosome DNA molecule, a few RNA molecules, 70s ribosomes and divides by fission. This organelle can be either:
1. Endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus
2. Mitochondria or Chloroplast
3. Endoplasmic reticulum or Mitochondria
4. Golgi apparatus or Chloroplast

18.

In a flower, if the gynoecium occupies the highest position, the flower is said to be:

1.	Superior	2.	Inferior
3.	Hypogynous	4.	Epigynous

19.

After cytokinesis in a plant cell, which of the following is formed first?
1. The primary cell wall
2. The middle lamella
3. The secondary cell wall
4. There is no particular chronology

20.

Maltose is a disaccharide with two glucose molecules taking part in its formation. The molecular formula of maltose will be:

1.	C₆H₁₀O₅	2.	C₃H₆O₃
3.	C₁₂H₂₄O₁₂	4.	C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

21.

Specialized plastids like amyloplasts are differentiated forms of:
1. Chloroplasts
2. Chromoplasts
3. Leucoplasts
4. Gerontoplasts

22.

The functions of the central vacuole in a plant cell will include all except:
1. Hydrolysis of biomolecules stored in it
2. Maintenance of turgor pressure
3. Cell elongation
4. Keeping chloroplasts closer to light

23.

Cuticle:
1. is a covering, both outside and inside of the epidermis
2. is well developed in roots
3. helps in prevention of water loss
4. is a proteinaceous layer

24.

Though lacking in membrane bound organelles, a prokaryotic cell is capable of carrying out many functions of the eukaryotic cell with the help of:

1.	Plasmids	2.	Inclusion bodies
3.	Plasma membrane	4.	Cell wall

25.

Brown algae vary in color from olive green to various shades of brown depending upon:
1. the depth at which they are found in the water body
2. the amount of gelatinous coatings on their cell walls
3. the ratio of the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c present
4. the amount of xanthophyll pigment present in them

26.

The correct statements regarding the type of inflorescence shown in the diagram will include

I:	It is racemose
II:	Flowers show acropetal succession
III:	The main axis does not show limited growth

1.	Only I and II	2.	Only I and III
3.	Only II and III	4.	I, II and III

27.

Which of the following will not be involved in sexual reproduction in fungi?

1.	Oospores	2.	Zoospores
3.	Ascospores	4.	Basidiospores

28.

The stele in a dicot root does not include:

1.	Endodermis	2.	Pericycle
3.	Vascular bundles	4.	Pith

29.

In the seeds of cereals, the outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by a proteinaceous layer called as:
1. Aleurone
2. Perisperm
3. Scutellum
4. Replum

30.

DNA replication takes place during :

1.	G₁ - phase	2.	G₂ - phase
3.	S - phase	4.	Prophase

31.

Which of the following is not true regarding comparison between the gymnosperms Pinus and Cycas?

	Character	*Pinus*	*Cycas*
1.	Root symbiotic association	Mycorrhiza	Cyanobacteria
2.	Stem	Branched	Unbranched
3.	Reproductive parts	Dioecious	Monoecious
4.	Scale leaves	Fall off as branches mature	Persistent, protective

32.

Identify the incorrect statement:

1.	The nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear during Telophase I
2.	The nuclear membrane disappears by the end of Prophase II
3.	DNA replicates during interkinesis between meiosis I and meiosis II
4.	Chromosomes do not reach the extremely extended state of interphase nucleus

33.

Identify the incorrect statement regarding green algae:
1. Major pigments are chlorophyll a and b
2. Stored food is floridean starch
3. Cellulosic cell wall
4. 2-8, equal and apical flagellar insertions

34.

A dikaryon is formed when
1. Meiosis is arrested
2. The two haploid cells do not fuse immediately
3. Cytoplasm does not fuse
4. None of the above

35. Regarding the epidermal tissue system of the plant:
1. Cuticle is present in almost all roots.
2. Only guard cells lack chloroplasts.
3. Guard cells are bean-shaped in grasses.
4. Trichomes are usually multicellular.

Botany - Section B

36. Identify the correct statements:

I:	Robert Hooke first used the word cell to name the microscopic honeycomb cavities in cork.
II:	Anton Von Leeuwenhoek first saw and described a living cell.
III:	Robert Brown discovered the nucleus.
IV:	George Palade first observed centrosomes in animal cells.

1. I and II only
2. Only I, II and III
3. Only III and IV
4. I, II, III and IV

37.

The mechanisms that contribute to the genetic variation arising from sexual reproduction include:

I:	Independent assortment of chromosomes
II:	Crossing over
III:	Random fertilization

1.	I and II only	2.	I and III only
3.	II and III only	4.	I, II and III

38.

Onion root tip has 16 chromosomes in each cell. How many chromosomes will the cell respectively have at G₁ phase, after S phase and after M phase?

1.	16, 32, 16	2.	16, 32, 8
3.	16, 16, 8	4.	16, 16, 16

39.

What is not true for a stem in a flowering plant in general?

1.	Negatively geotropic
2.	Develops from plumule of the germinating embryo
3.	Absence of terminal and axillary buds
4.	Spreads out branches bearing leaves, flowers and fruits

40.

Who concluded, based on his studies on plant tissues, that the presence of cell wall is a unique character of plant cells?

1.	Matthias Shcleiden	2.	Theodor Schwann
3.	J. B. S. Haldane	4.	Rudolph Virchow

41.

Mango and wheat belong to the same:

I. Division

II. Class

III. Order

1.	Only I	2.	Both I and II
3.	Only III	4.	I, II, and III

42.

Up to three strata or layers may be found in plant cell walls. If all three are present, the outermost layer is:

1.	rich in pectins	2.	expansible
3.	lignified	4.	proteinaceous

43.

Which of the following cannot be made by the plant cell and must be inherited by each daughter cell during cell division?

1.	Cell wall	2.	Spindle
3.	Centriole	4.	Chloroplasts

44.

A nail is driven in the trunk of a young tree, about 4 meters tall, at a height of about 2 meters from the ground. In a few years the tree grows to a height of 20 meters. What would be the height of the nail from the ground now?

1.	2 meters	2.	10 meters
3.	12 meters	4.	18 meters

45.

The members of Kingdom Monera and Kingdom Protista in Whittaker’s five kingdom classification resemble each other in:

1.	Cell type	2.	Body organization
3.	Nature of cell wall	4.	Nuclear membrane

46.

Classification of organisms based on measurable similarities and differences rather than genetic makeup and evolutionary descent is called phenetics. What type of biological classification system does it belong to?

1.	Artificial	2.	Phylogenetic
3.	Cytotaxonomy	4.	Numerical taxonomy

47.

What is incorrect regarding bryophytes in general?
1. Sex organs are multicellular
2. Main plant body is haploid
3. Sporophyte is free living and photosynthetic
4. Zygotes do not undergo reduction division immediately

48.

In meiosis:

1.	A single round of DNA replication is followed by two sequential divisions with the chromosome number and DNA content getting reduced twice
2.	A single round of DNA replication is followed by two sequential divisions with the chromosome number getting reduced twice and DNA content getting reduced once
3.	A single round of DNA replication is followed by two sequential divisions with the chromosome number getting reduced once and DNA content getting reduced twice
4.	A single round of DNA replication is followed by two sequential divisions with the chromosome number and DNA content getting reduced once

49. The first photosynthetic organisms on earth were:

1.	Cynobacteria	2.	Green algae
3.	Protists	4.	Mosses

50.

Most abundant protein in the whole of the biosphere is:

1.	Collagen	2.	Cellulose
3.	RuBisCO	4.	Keratin

Zoology - Section A

51.

The key features of meiosis include all the following except:

1.	Pairing of heterologous chromosomes
2.	Crossing over between non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
3.	Four haploid cells produced at the end of the second division
4.	Initiated after DNA replication in S phase

52.

The terms ‘bracket fungi’ or ‘pufballs’ is used for some of the members of the class:
1. Phycomycetes
2. Ascomycetes
3. Basidiomycetes
4. Deuteromycetes

53.

Mitotic spindles are mainly composed of which protein?

1.	Actin	2.	Tubulin
3.	Actomyosin	4.	Myoglobin

54.

Octopus has:

1.	Tetrameric radial symmetry
2.	Hexameric radial symmetry
3.	Octomeric radial symmetry
4.	Bilateral symmetry

55.

The subkingdom ‘Dikarya’ of the Kingdom Fungi include:
1. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
2. Only Deuteromycetes
3. Ascomycetes and Phycomycetes
4. Phycomycetes and Basidiomycetes

56.

Some infections with gram-negative bacteria can lead to life-threatening septic shock mainly because of the presence of:
1. a thin peptidoglycan layer
2. a layer of lipopolysaccharides
3. presence of teichoic acid
4. porins in the outer membrane

57.

A homopolymer has only one building block called monomer repeated ‘n’ number of times. A heteropolymer has more than one type of monomers. Proteins are heteropolymers made of amino acids. While a nucleic acid-like DNA or RNA is made of only 4 types of nucleotide monomers, proteins are made up of
1. 20 types of monomers
2. 40 types of monomers
3. 3 types of monomers
4. Only one type of monomer

58.

Which one of the following sets of animals share a four chambered heart?
1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds
2. Crocodiles, Birds, Mammals
3. Crocodiles, Lizards, Turtles
4. Lizards, Mammals, Birds

59.

Approximately what percentage of existing animal species are invertebrates?

1.	20	2.	50
3.	70	4.	95

60.

Identify the chordates in which the notochord persists in the adults?

1.	Tunicates	2.	Lancelets
3.	Cyclostomata	4.	Bony fishes

61.

Consider the following statements:

I:	In animals, meiosis always results in the formation of gametes, while in other organisms it can give rise to spores.
II:	Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and therefore occurs in all eukaryotes (including single-celled organisms) that reproduce sexually.
III:	Meiosis does not occur in archaea or bacteria, which reproduce via asexual processes such as binary fission.

The correct statements are:
1. I, II, and III
2. II and III
3. I and III
4. I and II

62.

Select the correct route for the passage of sperms in male frogs:

1.	Testes → Vasa efferentia → Kidney → Seminal Vesicle→ Urinogenital duct → Cloaca
2.	Testes → Vasa efferentia → Bidder's canal → Uretar→ Cloaca
3.	Testes → Vasa efferentia → Kidney → Bidder's canal → Urinogenital duct → Cloaca
4.	Testes → Bidder's canal→ Kidney→ Vasa efferentia→ Urinogenital duct→ Cloaca

63.

The unique properties of each amino acid is determined by its particular :
1. R group
2. amino group
3. kinds of peptide bonds
4. number of bonds to other amino acids

64.

The fluidity of the cell membrane:

1.	increases when there is a high proportion of trans unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid molecules that make up the bilayer.
2.	decreases when there is a high proportion of cis unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid molecules that make up the bilayer.
3.	increases when there is a high proportion of cis unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid molecules that make up the bilayer.
4.	increases when there is a high proportion of saturated fatty acids in the phospholipid molecules that make up the bilayer.

65.

According to the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the enzymes belonging to EC 1 are:

1.	Oxidoreductases: catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions
2.	Transferases: transfer a functional group (e.g. a methyl or phosphate group)
3.	Hydrolases: catalyze the hydrolysis of various bonds
4.	Lyases: cleave various bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation

66.

Organisms which obtain energy by oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds are

1.	Photoautotrophs	2.	Saprotrophs
3.	Photoheterotrophs	4.	Chemoheterotrophs

67.

A cell secreting large quantities of glycoproteins is expected to be rich in:

I: RER

II: Golgi apparatus

III: SER

1.	Only I	2.	Both I and II
3.	Only III	4.	Both II and III

68.

Which of the following is essentially a modified centriole?

1.	Cilium	2.	Flagellum
3.	Basal body	4.	Centromere

69.

Microbodies in eukaryotic cells include all the following except:

1.	Peroxisomes	2.	Glycosomes
3.	Lysosomes	4.	Glyoxysomes

70.

Which of the following statements is not true about Nematodes?

1.	They are bilaterally symmetrical, un-segmented worms.
2.	They are covered with a flexible, thick cuticle that is molted four times as they grow.
3.	A well-developed advanced excretory system
4.	They possess a hydrostatic skeleton.

71. What can act as a competitive inhibitor of enzyme Succinic dehydrogenase?

1.	ATP	2.	FADH₂
3.	Malonate	4.	Pyruvate

72.

Given below is highly simplified structure of glycogen molecule. Identify A, B, C and D:

	A	B	C	D
1.	Non reducing end	Reducing end	α[ 1 → 4] linkage	α[ 1 → 6] linkage
2.	Non reducing end	Reducing end	β[ 1 → 4] linkage	β [ 1 → 6] linkage
3.	Reducing end	Non reducing end	α[ 1 → 4] linkage	α[ 1 → 6] linkage
4.	Reducing end	Non reducing end	β[ 1 → 4] linkage	β [ 1 → 6] linkage

73.

An important evolutionary transition that appeared for the first time in Echinoderms is:
1. Bilateral symmetry
2. Radial symmetry
3. Tube within a tube plan
4. Endoskeleton

74.

Which of the following chordate is a vertebrate?

1.	Doliolum	2.	Branchiostoma
3.	Ascidia	4.	Petromyzon

75.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of mitosis?

1.	A single nucleus gives rise to two identical daughter nuclei.
2.	The daughter nuclei are genetically identical to the parent nucleus.
3.	The centromeres divide at the onset of anaphase.
4.	Homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase.

76.

The following diagram shows the section of a certain organelle. The correct function of this organelle will be:

1.	Locomotion in bacterial cell
2.	Locomotion in eukaryotic cell
3.	Formation of spindle in plant cells
4.	Formation of spindle in animal cells

77.

Identify the option where the given phylum is matched with given animals, all included in it:

1.	Cnidaria	Adamsia, Gorgonia, Pleurobrachia
2.	Mollusca	Chaetopleura, Sepia, Dentalium
3.	Echinodermata	Antedon, Cucumaria, Myxine
4.	Arthropoda	Limulus, Nereis, Locusta

78.

Cyclostomes:

1.	are fresh water organisms that move to marine water for spawning
2.	have an open circulatory system
3.	have a sucking and circular mouth without jaws
4.	do not have either scales on body or paired fins

79.

Identify the number of animals that do not have homoiothermy from the list given in the box below:

Aptenodytes, Hemidactylus, Pteropus, Icthyophis,
Pterophyllum, Carcharodon, Neophron, Myxine

1.	3	2.	4
3.	5	4.	6

80.

The enzyme recombinase functions during:

1.	Zygotene	2.	Pachytene
3.	Diplotene	4.	Diakinesis

81.

Notochord is present only in larval tail in all the following except:

1.	Ascidia	2.	Salpa
3.	Doliolum	4.	Branchiostoma

82.

Most of the polymerization reactions result from:

1.	Redox reactions	2.	Dehydration synthesis
3.	Hydrolysis	4.	Isomerization

83.

Unlike amphibians, reptiles:

1.	use lungs for breathing
2.	are mostly oviparous
3.	do not have an aquatic larval stage
4.	have tympanum that represents the ear

84. Consider the given statements:

Statement I:	In a neuron, Nissl’s granules are not present in dendrites.
Statement II:	Unmyelinated nerve fibre is not enclosed by a Schwann cell in the peripheral neural system.
Statement III:	Myelinated neurons conduct impulse at a higher velocity when compared to unmyelinated neurons.

1.	Only Statement I and Statement II are correct
2.	Only Statement III is correct
3.	Statement II and Statement III are incorrect
4.	Statement I, Statement II and Statement III are correct

85.

Chordates are not characterized by:

1.	Ventral nerve cord	2.	Post anal tail
3.	Gill slits	4.	A notochord

Zoology - Section B

86.

In which one of the following sets of animals, all the four, give birth to young ones?

1.	Kangaroo, hedgehog, dolphin, loris
2.	Lion, bat, whale, ostrich
3.	Platypus, penguin, bat, hippopotamus
4.	Shrew, bat, cat, kiwi

87.

In Balanoglossus respiration takes place through:

1.	Gills	2.	Skin
3.	Proboscis gland	4.	Lungs

88.

Which one of the following sets of animals belongs to a single taxonomic group?

1.	Cuttlefish, Jellyfish, Silverfish, Dogfish, Starfish
2.	Bat, Pigeon, Butterfly
3.	Monkey, Chimpanzee, Man
4.	Silkworm, Tapeworm, Earthworm

89.

If the centromere is located close to an end of a chromosome, the chromosome is said to be:
1. Metacentric
2. Sub-metacentric
3. Acrocentric
4. Telocentric

90. Arrange the following elements present in human body in their ascending order of occurrence [begin with the element found in the lowest percentage]:

Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Calcium

1. Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Calcium, Hydrogen
2. Calcium, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon
3. Hydrogen, Calcium, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon
4. Hydrogen, Calcium, Nitrogen, Carbon, Oxygen

91.

The largest phylum of marine animals is:

1.	Arthropoda	2.	Echinodermata
3.	Cnidaria	4.	Mollusca

92.

The members of deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores called as:

1.	Zoospores	2.	Sporangiospores
3.	Aplanospores	4.	Conidia

93.

Consider the given three statements:

I:	Cyclostomes do not have jaws, scales and paired fins.
II:	Chondrichthyes have placoid scales, internal fertilization and in many cases viviparity.
III:	Osteichthyes have operculum, swim bladder and are cold-blooded.

1.	Only I is correct
2.	Only I and III are correct
3.	Only II and III are correct
4.	I, II and III are correct

94.

Which of the following is not a feature of birds?
1. Forelimbs modified into wings
2. Single occipital condyle
3. Ten pairs of cranial nerves
4. Four-chambered heart

95. Complete alimentary canal, an excretory tube and a pseudocoelom will be seen in animals belonging to the phylum:

1.	Cnidaria	2.	Aschelminthes
3.	Hemichordata	4.	Echinodermata

96.

Which of the following cofactors required by enzymes is often vitamins or made from vitamins?

1.	Apoenzymes	2.	Prosthetic groups
3.	Zymogens	4.	Co-enzymes

97.

Human disease, that is an analogous variant of mad cow disease in cattle, is caused by:
1. Viroid
2. Virus
3. Mycoplasma
4. Prion

98.

Match the feature [Column I] with phylum [Column II] and select the correct answer from the codes given:

	Column I		Column II
A.	Water transport canal system	a.	Echinodermata
B.	Water vascular system	b.	Porifera
C.	Metagenesis	c.	Annelida
D.	Metamerism	d.	Cnidaria

Codes:

	A	B	C	D
1.	a	b	c	d
2.	b	a	d	c
3.	a	b	d	c
4.	b	a	c	d

99. The terms for ‘summer sleep’ and ‘winter sleep’ seen in frogs respectively are:
1. Aestivation and Hibernation
2. Hibernation and Aestivation
3. Diapause and Cryptobiosis
4. Cryptobiosis and Diapause

100.

The phylum with exclusively marine animals is:

1.	Porifera	2.	Cnidaria
3.	Ctenophora	4.	Platyhelminthes

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