FORTIUS - PYQ based Unit Test # 1

Botany - Section A

1.

Chrysophytes, euglenoids, dinoflagellates and slime moulds are included in the kingdom:

1.	Protista	2.	Fungi
3.	Animalia	4.	Monera

2.

Which of the following statements about viruses is correct ?
1. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA
2. Viruses possess their own metabolic system
3. Viruses are facultative parasites
4. Viruses are readily killed by antibiotics

3.

Selaginella and Salvinia are considered to represent a significant step toward evolution of seed habit because:

1.	Female gametophyte is free and gets dispersed like seeds.
2.	Female gametophyte lacks archegonia.
3.	Megaspores possess endosperm and embryo surrounded by seed coat.
4.	Embryo develops in female gametophyte which is retained on parent sporophyte.

4.

Which one of the following is a vascular cryptogam?

1.	Equisetum	2.	Ginkgo
3.	Marchantia	4.	Cedrus

5.

Which of the following statements is incorrect about gymnosperms?
1. They are heterosporous
2. Male and female gametophytes are free-living
3. Most of them have narrow leaves with thick cuticle
4. Their seeds are not covered

6.

Which one of the following matches is correct?

1.	Alternaria	Sexual reproduction absent	Deuteromycetes
2.	Mucor	Reproduction by Conjugation	Ascomycetes
3.	Agaricus	Parasitic fungus	Basidiomycetes
4.	Phytophthora	Aseptate mycelium	Basidiomycetes

7.

Flower are Zygomorphic in

1.	Mustard	2.	Gulmohur
3.	Tomato	4.	Datura

8.

Which of the following stages of meiosis involves division of centromere?

1.	Anaphase II	2.	Telophase II
3.	Metaphase I	4.	Metaphase II

9.

In the prothallus of a vascular cryptogam, the antherozoids and eggs mature at different times. As a result:
1. there is no change in success rate of fertilization
2. there is high degree of sterility
3. one can conclude that the plant is apomictic
4. self-fertilization is prevented

10.

A student observed algae with chlorophyll 'a', 'd', and phycoerythrin. It should belong to:

1.	Phaeophyta	2.	Rhodophyta
3.	Chlorophyta	4.	Bacillariophyta

11.

Many ribosomes may associate with a single mRNA to form multiple copies of a polypeptide simultaneously. Such strings of ribosomes are termed as

1.	Polysome	2.	Polyhedral bodies
3.	Plastidome	4.	Nucleosome

12.

Match List-I with List-II.

	List-I		List-II
(a)	Protein	I.	C-C double bonds
(b)	Unsaturated fatty acid	II.	Phosphodiester bonds
(c)	Nucleic acid	III.	Glycosidic bonds
(d)	Polysaccharides	IV.	Peptide bonds

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(ii)	(i)	(iv)	(iii)
2.	(iv)	(iii)	(i)	(ii)
3.	(iv)	(i)	(ii)	(iii)
4.	(i)	(iv)	(iii)	(ii)

13.

Floridean starch has structure similar to:
1. Amylopectin and glycogen
2. Mannitol and algin
3. Laminarin and cellulose
4. Starch and cellulose

14.

A non-proteinaceous enzyme is
1. lysozyme
2. ribozyme
3. ligase
4. deoxyribonuclease

15.

Which of the following is true for nucleolus?
1. Larger nucleoli are present in dividing cells.
2. It is a membrane-bound structure.
3. It takes part in spindle formation.
4. It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis.

16.

Match the following:

(a)	Inhibitor of catalytic activity	(i)	Ricin
(b)	Possess peptide bonds	(ii)	Malonate
(c)	Cell wall material in fungi	(iii)	Chitin
(d)	Secondary metabolite	(iv)	Collagen

Choose the correct option from the following:

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(iii)	(i)	(iv)	(ii)
2.	(iii)	(iv)	(i)	(ii)
3.	(ii)	(iii)	(i)	(iv)
4.	(ii)	(iv)	(iii)	(i)

17.

Which one of the following is not considered as a part of the endomembrane system?

1.	Lysosome	2.	Golgi complex
3.	Peroxisome	4.	Vacuole

18.

Attachment of spindle fibers to kinetochores of chromosomes becomes evident in:

1.	Anaphase	2.	Telophase
3.	Prophase	4.	Metaphase

19.

Select wrong statement.

1.	The viroids were discovered by D.J lvanowski.
2.	W.M Stanley showed that viruses could be crystallized.
3.	The term 'contagium vivum fluidum' was coined by MW Beijerinck.
4.	Mosaic disease in tobacco and AIDS in human beings are caused by viruses.

20.

Alage have cell wall made up of –
1. Cellulose, galactans and mannans
2. Hemicellulose, pectins and proteins
3. Pectins, cellulose and proteins
4. Cellulose, hemicellulose and pectins

21.

Middle lamella is composed mainly of

1.	Phosphoglycerides	2.	Hemicellulose
3.	Muramic acid	4.	Calcium pectate

22.

In the somatic cell cycle:

1.	DNA replication takes place in S-phase
2.	A short interphase is followed by a long mitotic phase
3.	G₂ phase follows mitotic phase
4.	In G₁ phase, DNA content is double the amount of DNA present in the original cell

23.

Archaebacteria differ from eubacteria in:
1. Cell membrane structure
2. Mode of nutrition
3. Cell shape
4. Mode of reproduction

24.

Antiparallel strands of a DNA molecule means that

1.	the phosphate groups of two DNA strands, at their ends, share the same position
2.	the phosphate groups at the start of two DNA strands are in opposite position (pole)
3.	one strand turns clockwise
4.	one strand turns anti-clockwise

25.

Cymose inflorescence is present in:

1.	Solanum	2.	Sesbania
3.	Trifolium	4.	Brassica

26.

Select the correct statement:

1.	The leaves of gymnosperms are not well adapted to extremes of climate
2.	Gymnosperms are both homosporous and heterosporous
3.	Salvinia, Ginkgo and Pinus all are gymnosperms
4.	Sequoia is one of the tallest trees

27.

The wheat grain has an embryo with one large, shield-shaped cotyledon known as

1.	epiblast	2.	coleorrhiza
3.	scutellum	4.	coleoptile

28.

The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in production of antibiotics are the ones categorized as
1. Cyanobacteria
2. Archaebacteria
3. Chemosynthetic autotrophs
4. Heterotrophic bacteria

29.

There exists a close association between the alga and the fungus within a lichen. The fungus:

1.	Provides food for the alga
2.	Provides protection, anchorage and absorption for the alga
3.	Fixes the atmospheric nitrogen for the alga
4.	Releases oxygen for the alga

30.

Vascular bundles in monocotyledons are considered closed because
1. a bundle sheath surrounds each bundle
2. cambium is absent
3. there are no vessels with perforations
4. xylem is surrounded all around by phloem

31.

In a longitudinal section of a root, starting from the tip upward, the four zones occur in the following order:

1.	Root cap, cell division, cell enlargement, cell maturation
2.	Root cap, cell division, cell maturation, cell enlargement
3.	Cell division, cell enlargement, cell maturation, root cap
4.	Cell division, cell maturation, cell enlargement, root cap

32.

In bryophytes and pteridophytes, transport of male gametes requires?

1.	insects	2.	birds
3.	water	4.	wind

33.

The osmotic expansion of a cell kept in water is chiefly regulated by

1.	Mitochondria	2.	Vacuoles
3.	Plastids	4.	Ribosomes

34.

Chlorophyll occurs in chloroplast in

1.	Inner membrane	2.	Thylakoid membrane
3.	Outer membrane	4.	Stroma

35.

Select the wrong statement.

1.	Diatoms are microscopic and float passively in water.
2.	The walls of diatoms are easily destructible.
3.	‘Diatomaceous earth’ is formed by the cell walls of diatoms.
4.	Diatoms are chief producers in the oceans.

Botany - Section B

36.

Which of the following is the simplest amino acid?

1.	Alanine	2.	Asparagine
3.	Glycine	4.	Tyrosine

37.

Match the columns and identify the correct option.

	Column I		Column II
A.	Thylakoids	1.	Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus
B.	Cristae	2.	Condensed structure of DNA
C.	Cisternae	3.	Flat membranous sacs in stroma
D.	Chromatin	4.	Infolding in mitochondria

	A	B	C	D
1.	4	3	1	2
2.	3	4	1	2
3.	3	1	4	2
4.	3	4	2	1

38.

Which of the following statements is not correct?

1.	Lysosomes are formed by the process of packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum.
2.	Lysosomes have numerous hydrolytic enzymes.
3.	The hydrolytic enzymes of lysosomes are active under acidic pH.
4.	Lysosomes are membrane bound structure.

39.

The concept of "Omnis cellula-e-cellula" regarding cell division was first proposed by:

1.	Aristotle	2.	Rudolf Virchow
3.	Theodor Schwann	4.	Schleiden

40.

Following are the statements with reference to 'lipids'.

(a)	Lipids having only single bonds are called unsaturated fatty acids.
(b)	Lecithin is a phospholipid.
(c)	Trihydroxy propane is glycerol.
(d)	Palmitic acid has 20 carbon atoms including carboxyl carbon.
(e)	Arachidonic acid has 16 carbon atoms.

Choose the correct statements from the options given below.

1. (b) and (c) only
2. (b) and (e) only
3. (a) and (b) only
4. (c) and (d) only

41.

Ovary is half-inferior in the flower of

1.	Apple	2.	Guava
3.	Peach	4.	Garlic

42.

Given below is a schematic break-up of the phases/stages of cell cycle-

Which one of the following is the correct indication of the stage/phase in the cell cycle?
1. B-Metaphase
2. C-Karyokinesis
3. D-Synthetic phase
4. A-Cytokinesis

43.

The chief water conducting elements of xylem in gymnosperms are

1.	vessels	2.	fibres
3.	transfusion tissue	4.	tracheids

44.

Examine the figure given below and select the right option giving all the four parts (A, B, C and D) correctly identified:

	A	B	C	D
1.	Antheridiophore	Male thallus	Globule	Roots
2.	Archegoniophore	Female thallus	Gemma cup	Rhizoids
3.	Archegoniophore	Female thallus	Bud	Foot
4.	Seta	Sporophyte	Protonema	Rhizoids

45.

Which among the following are the smallest living cells known without a definite cell wall that are pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen?
1. Bacillus
2. Pseudomonas
3. Mycoplasma
4. Nostoc

46.

Nomenclature is governed by certain universal rules. Which one of the following is contrary to the rules of nomenclature?

1.	When written by hand, the names are to be underlined
2.	Biological names can be written in any language
3.	The first word in a biological name represents the genus name, and the second is a specific epithet
4.	The names are written in Latin and are italicized

47.

If you are asked to classify the various algae into distinct groups, which of the following characters you should choose ?
1. Types of pigments present in the cell
2. Nature of stored food materials in the cell
3. Structural organisation of thallus
4. Chemical compositions of the cell wall

48.

Crossing over takes place between which chromatids and in which stage of the cell cycle?

1.	Non-sister chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes at Zygotene stage of prophase I.
2.	Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes at Pachytene stage of prophase I.
3.	Non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes at Zygotene stage of prophase I.
4.	Non-sister chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes at Pachytene stage of prophase I.

49.

The correct floral formula of chilli is

1.		2.
3.		4.

50. Maximum nutritional diversity is found in which of the following group?
1. Fungi
2. Animalia
3. Monera
4. Plantae

Zoology - Section A

51.

During which phase(s) of cell cycle, amount of DNA in a cell remains at 4C level if the initial amount is denoted as 2C?

1.	G₀ and G₁	2.	G₁ and S
3.	Only G₂	4.	G₂ and M

52. In which of the following animals, the digestive tract has additional chambers like crop and gizzard?
1. Pavo, Psittacula, Corvus
2. Corvus, Columba, Chameleon
3. Bufo, Balaenoptera, Bangarus
4. Catla, Columba, Crocodilus

53.

The Golgi complex plays a major role

1.	in digesting proteins and carbohydrates
2.	as energy transferring organelles
3.	in post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids
4.	in trapping the light and transforming it into chemical energy

54. Choanocyte is found in:
1. Protozoa
2. Porifera
3. Coelenterates
4. Ctenophora

55.

Which of the following animals is not viviparous?

1.	Flying fox (bat)	2.	Elephant
3.	Platypus	4.	Whale

56.

Identify the correct order of organization of genetic material from largest to smallest.
1. Chromosome,gene,genome,nucleotide
2. Genome,chromosome,nucleotide,gene
3. Genome,chromosome,gene,nucleotide
4. Chromosome,genome,nucleotide,gene

57.

Which one of these animals is not a homeotherm?

1.	Macropus	2.	Chelone
3.	Camelus	4.	Psittacula

58.

Which of the following characteristics is not shared by birds and mammals?

1.	Breathing using lungs	2.	Viviparity
3.	Warm blooded nature	4.	Ossified endoskeleton

59.

What will you look for to identity the sex of the following? Select the correct match.

1.	Male frog – a copulatory pad on the first digit of the hind limb
2.	Female cockroach – anal cerci
3.	Male shark – claspers borne on pelvic fins
4.	Female Ascaris – sharply curved posterior end

60. In the taxonomic categories, which hierarchical arrangement in ascending order is correct in the case of animals?

1.	Kingdom, Order, Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Species
2.	Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
3.	Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Family, Order, Genus, Species
4.	Kingdom, Order, Class, Phylum, Family, Genus, Species

61.

In which of the following, the notochord is present in the embryonic stage?

1.	All chordates	2.	Some chordates
3.	Only Vertebrates	4.	Non-chordates

62.

Which of the following taxonomic category is less common in characters as compared to the taxonomic category ‘Genus’?

1.	Species	2.	Division
3.	Class	4.	Family

63.

The structures that help some bacteria to attach to rocks and/or host tissues are:

1.	Fimbriae	2.	Mesosomes
3.	Holdfast	4.	Rhizoids

64.

Which one of the following in birds, indicates their reptilian ancestry?

1.	Scales on their hind limbs
2.	Four chambered heart
3.	Two special chambers crop and gizzard in their digestive tract
4.	Eggs with a calcareous shell

65.

ATP is:

1.	Nucleotide	2.	Nucleoside
3.	Nucleic acid	4.	Vitamin

66.

Which one of the following organisms bear hollow and pneumatic long bones?

1. Macropus
2. Ornithorhynchus
3. Neophron
4. Hemidactylus

67.

The shorter and longer arms of submetacentric chromosome are referred to as:
1. m-arm and n-arm respectively
2. s-arm and l-arm respectively
3. p-arm and q-arm respectively
4. q-arm and p-arm respectively

68.

Microtubules are the constituents of
1. spindle fibres, centrioles and cilia
2. centrioles, spindle fibres and chromatin
3. centrosome, nucleosome and centrioles
4. cilia, flagella and peroxisomes

69.

The oocytes of some vertebrates get arrested for years or months in:

1. Telophase - I
2. Diplotene
3. Diakinesis
4. Metaphase - I

70.

Match the following columns and select the correct option.

	Column I		Column II
a.	6 - 15 pairs of gill slits	(i)	Trygon
b.	Heterocercal caudal fin	(ii)	Cyclostomes
c.	Air bladder	(iii)	Chondrichthyes
d.	Poison sting	(iv)	Osteichthyes

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(iii)	(iv)	(i)	(ii)
2.	(iv)	(ii)	(iii)	(i)
3.	(i)	(iv)	(iii)	(ii)
4.	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)	(i)

71.

Which one of the following biomolecules is correctly characterised ?

1.	Palmitic acid - an unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms
2.	Adenylic acid - adenosine with a glucose phosphate molecule
3.	Alanine amino acid - Contains an amino group and an acidic group anywhere in the molecule
4.	Lecithin - a phosphorylated glyceride found in cell membrane

72.

The animals with bilateral symmetry in the young stage and radial pentamerous symmetry in the adult stage, belong to the phylum:

1.	Mollusca	2.	Cnidaria
3.	Echinodermata	4.	Annelida

73.

All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates, why?

1.	Notochord is replaced by a vertebral column in adults of some chordates.
2.	Ventral hollow nerve cord remains throughout life in some chordates.
3.	All chordates possess a vertebral column.
4.	All chordates possess notochord throughout their life.

74.

The two functional groups characteristic of sugars are:
1. Hydroxyl and methyl
2. Carbonyl and methyl
3. Carbonyl and phosphate
4. Carbonyl and hydroxyl

75.

The diagram given below shows the germs layer. The animals having structures shown in the figures A and B are respectively called

1.	Diploblastic, Triploblastic	2.	Triploblastic, Diploblastic
3.	Diploblastic, Diploblastic	4.	Triploblastic, Triploblastic

76.

Which stage of meiotic prophase shows terminalisation of chiasmata as its distincitve feature?

1.	Diakinesis	2.	Pachytene
3.	Leptotene	4.	Zygotene

77.

Chromosomes in a bacterial cell can be 1–3 in number and:

1.	Are always circular
2.	Are always linear
3.	Can be either circular or linear, but never both within the same cell
4.	Can be circular as well as linear within the same cell

78.

From the following statements, select the wrong one:

1.	Prawn has two pairs of antennae
2.	Millipedes have two pairs of appendages in each segment of the body
3.	Animals belonging to the phylum Porifera are exclusively marine
4.	Nematocysts are characteristic of the phylum Cnidaria

79.

Which one of the following categories of animals, is correctly described with no single exception in it?

1.	All reptiles possess scales, have a three chambered heart and are cold blooded (poikilothermal).
2.	All bony fishes have four pairs of gills and an operculum on each side.
3.	All sponges are marine and have collared cells.
4.	All mammals are viviparous and possess diaphragm for breathing.

80.

The centriole undergoes duplication during:

1.	Metaphase	2.	G₂ phase
3.	S-phase	4.	Prophase

81.

Which one of the following statements about certain given animals is correct?
1. Molluscs are acoelomates
2. Insects are pseudocoelomoates
3. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are coelomates
4. Roundworms (Aschelminthes) are pseudocoelomates

82.

Which of the following is the least likely to be involved in stabilizing the three-dimensional folding of most proteins?
1. Hydrogen bonds
2. Electrostatic interaction
3. Hydrophobic interaction
4. Ester bonds

83.

Identify the vertebrate group of animals characterized by crop and gizzard in its digestive system:

1.	Amphibia	2.	Reptilia
3.	Aves	4.	Osteichthyes

84.

Metameric segmentation is the characteristic of

1.	Mollusca and chordata
2.	Platyhelminthes and arthropoda
3.	Echinodermata and annelida
4.	Annelida and arthropoda

85.

Biosystematics aims at:

1.	The classification of organisms based on broad morphological characters
2.	Delimiting various taxa of organisms and establishing their relationships
3.	The classification of organisms based on their evolutionary history and establishing their phylogeny on the totality of various parameters from all fields of studies
4.	Identification and arrangement of organisms on the basis of cytological characteristics

Zoology - Section B

86.

Which one of the following pairs of animals are similar to each other pertaining to the feature stated against them?

1.	Pteropus and Ornithorhynchus– Viviparity
2.	Garden lizard and Crocodile - Three chambered heart
3.	Ascaris and Ancylostoma - Metameric segmentation
4.	Sea horse and Flying fish - Cold blooded (poikilothermal)

87.

Given below are two statements:

I:	Amphibians and reptiles have a 3-chambered heart with two atria and a single ventricle, and are oviparous in nature
II:	Crocodiles possess a 4 chambered heart with two ventricles and two atria and are viviparous in nature

Select the most appropriate option:
1. I is correct but II is incorrect.
2. I is incorrect but II is correct.
3. Both I and II are correct.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.

88.

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

1.	Pila globosa	- pearl oyester
2.	Apis indica	- honey bee
3.	Laccifer lacca	- lac insect
4.	Bombyx mori	- silk worm

89.

Match Column I with Column II for housefly classification and select the correct option using the codes given below:

	Column I		Column II
A.	Family	I.	Diptera
B.	Order	II.	Arthropoda
C.	Class	III.	Muscidae
D.	Phylum	IV.	Insecta

	A	B	C	D
1.	III	I	IV	II
2.	III	II	IV	I
3.	IV	III	II	I
4.	IV	II	I	III

90.

Which of the following is not a characteristic feature during mitosis in somatic cells?
1. Spindle fibres
2. Disappearance of nucleolus
3. Chromosome movement
4. Synapsis

91.

Which one of the following is the most abundant protein in the animals?

1.	Collagen	2.	Lectin
3.	Insulin	4.	Hemoglobin

92.

Function of telomeres in nucleus:
1. Pole ward movement
2. To initiate the RNA synthesis
3. To seal the ends of chromosome
4. To recognize the homologous chromosome

93.

In contrast to Annelids, Platyhelminths show
1. Absence of body cavity
2. Presence of pseudocoelom
3. Radial symmetry
4. Bilateral symmetry

94.

Which of the following characteristic features always hold true for the corresponding group of animals?

1.	Viviparous	(1)	Mammalia
2.	Possess a mouth with an upper and a lower jaw	(2)	Chordata
3.	3-chambered heart with one incompletely divided ventricle	(3)	Reptilia
4.	Cartilaginous - Endoskeleton	(4)	Chondrichthyes

95.

As per fluid mosaic model, lipids and integral proteins can diffuse randomly. The model has been modified in several aspects. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

1.	Protein of cell membrane can travel within lipid bilayer
2.	Protein of cell membrane can undergo flip-flop movement in lipid bilayer
3.	Protein can remain confined within certain domains of the membrane
4.	Many proteins remain completely embedded within lipid bilayer

96.

The figure below shows the structure of a mitochondrion with its four parts labelled (A), (B), (C) and (D). Select the part correctly matched with its function.

1.	Part (A) : Matrix – major site for respiratory chain enzymes
2.	Part (D) : Outer membrane – gives rise to inner membrane by splitting
3.	Part (B) : Inner membrane – forms infoldings called cristae
4.	Part (C) : Cristae – possess single circular DNA molecule and ribosome

97.

Identify the meiotic stage in which the homologous chromomes separate while the sister chromatids remain associated at their centromeres:

1.	Anaphase I	2.	Anaphase II
3.	Metaphase I	4.	Metaphase II

98.

Which of the following are not polymeric?

1.	nucleic acids	2.	proteins
3.	polysaccharides	4.	Lipids

99.

Which one of the following animals is correctly matched with its particular named taxonomic category?
1. Tiger - tigris, the species
2. Cuttlefish - Mollusca, a class
3. Humans - Primata, the family
4. Housefly - Musca, an order

100.

In which one of the following, the genus name, its two characters and its phylum are not correctly matched, whereas the remaining three are correct?

	Genus Name		Two Characters	Phylum
1.	Pila	(i) (ii)	Body segmented Mouth with Radula	Mollusca
2.	Asterias	(i) (ii)	Spiny skinned Water Vascular System	Echinodermata
3.	Sycon	(i) (ii)	Pore bearing Canal system	Porifera
4.	Periplaneta	(i) (ii)	Jointed appendages Chitinous exoskeleton	Arthropoda

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