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Phycoerythrin is the major pigment in :
1. Red algae
2. Blue-green algae
3. Green algae
4. Brown algae

What will be the direction of flow of water when a plant cell is placed in a Hypotonic solution?
1. Water will flow in both directions.
2. Water will flow out of the cell.
3. Water will flow into the cell.
4. No flow of water in any direction.

In Hatch and Slack pathway, the primary CO₂ acceptor is -
1. Oxaloacetic acid
2. Phosphoglyceric acid
3. Phosphoenol pyruvate
4. Rubisco

The energy-releasing metabolic process in which substrate is oxidised without an external electron acceptor is called
1. glycolysis
2. fermentation
3. aerobic respiration
4. photorespiration

The catalytic knobs of ATP synthetase in a thylakoid membrane is located:
1. on the side facing the thylakoid space.
2. on the stroma side of the membrane.
3. embedded deep within the membrane
4. on the pigments molecules of Photosystems

Which of the following statements regarding mitochondria is incorrect?

Both Rhizobium and Alnus:
I. are free-living in soil
II. as symbionts can fix atmospheric nitrogen
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

What percent of ATP produced during glycolysis are the result of substrate level phosphorylation?
1. 0
2. 25
3. 50
4. 100

Assertion: Photophosphorylation in chloroplasts and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria are different.
Reason: In chloroplasts the high energy electrons come from food while in mitochondria they come from water.
1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Match List - I with List-II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

During biological nitrogen fixation, inactivation of nitrogenase by oxygen poisoning is prevented by?
1. Leghaemoglobin
2. Xanthophylls
3. Carotene
4. Cytochrome

Minerals known to be required in large amounts for plant growth include:
1. phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, calcium
2. calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper
3. potassium, phosphorus, selenium, boron
4. magnesium, sulphur, iron, zinc

During chemiosmosis in the chloroplast:
1. Splitting of water molecule takes place on the outer side of the thylakoid membrane
2. As electrons move through the photosystems protons are transported from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma
3. The NADP reductase enzyme is located on the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane
4. The ${\mathrm{CF}}_1$ portion of the ATP synthase forms a transmembrane channel in the thylakoid membrane

Xylem translocates:
1. Water, minerals salts, some nitrogen and hormones
2. Water only
3. Water and mineral salts only
4. Water, mineral and some organic nitrogen only

Calvin cycle consumes more ATP than NADPH. What is the source of this extra ATP needed?
1. PS I
2. PS II
3. Cyclic electron flow
4. Linear electron flow

All the following regarding the mechanism of translocation of phloem sap by mass flow hypothesis is true except:
1. At the source, sucrose can be actively transported into phloem.
2. Companion cells control the rate and direction of movement of phloem sap.
3. Differences in osmotic concentration at the source and sink cause a hydrostatic pressure gradient to be formed.
4. The location of a sink can be anywhere in the plant.

Over-watering a plant is dangerous as it
1. leaches all essential minerals.
2. neutralizes the pH of the soil.
3. deprives the roots of oxygen.
4. supports the growth of root parasites.

During seed germination its stored food is mobilized by:
1. Cytokinin
2. ABA
3. Gibberellin
4. Ethylene

Hormonal control of the secretion of digestive juices is carried out by the:
1. Secretion of the hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory factors into a portal vein
2. Synthesis of tropins by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland
3. Sympathetic division of the sutonomic nervous system via the vagus nerve
4. Local hormones produced by gastric and intestinal mucosa

Assertion: Some seeds that normally require certain environmental conditions to germinate, break dormancy if they are treated with gibberellins.
Reason: Gibberellins stimulate the synthesis of digestive enzymes that mobilize stored nutrients
1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Sphincter of Oddi will guard the opening of:
 
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

Which one of the following acids is a derivative of carotenoids?
1. Indole-butyric acid
2. Indole-3-acetic acid
3. Gibberellic acid
4. Abscisic acid

The number of permanent and deciduous teeth in humans are respectively:
1. 36,36
2. 32,32
3. 32,20
4. 20,32

The production of which of the following plant hormones by the apical bud of a pine tree inhibits the growth of lateral buds?
1. ABA.
2. cytokinin.
3. gibberellin.
4. auxin.

The shortest part of the human intestine is the:
1. transverse colon
2. duodenum
3. descending colon
4. jejunum

Which of the following hormones can play a significant role in osteoporosis?
1. Estrogen and Parathyroid hormone
2. Progesterone and Aldosterone
3. Aldosterone and Prolactin
4. Parathyroid hormone and Prolactin

When the stroke volume of the ventricles is much less than the expected values, the heart is said to be:
1. Fibrillating
2. Blocked
3. Arrested
4. Failing

All veins carry deoxygenated blood except
1. pulmonary vein
2. hepatic vein
3. hepatic portal vein
4. renal vein

During urine formation, the tubular cells secrete all the following into the filtrate except: 
1. ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$
2. Ammonia
3. ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$
4. ${\mathrm{HCO}}_3^{-}$

The risk of the fetus developing hemolytic disease of the new born is present in:
1. any Rh+ fetus
2. second Rh- fetus of Rh+ mother
3. second Rh+ fetus of Rh- mother
4. Rh- mother

The figure shows a diagrammatic view of the human respiratory system with labels A, B, C, and D. Select the option that gives the correct identification, main function, and/or characteristics:

The total number of the phalanges in the human body are:
1. 14
2. 20
3. 32
4. 56

Under normal physiological conditions, when compared to pulmonary circulation:
1. the amount of blood circulated in systemic circulation is more
2. the amount of blood circulated in systemic circulation is less
3. the pressure of blood circulated in systemic circulation is more
4. the pressure of blood circulated in systemic circulation is less

Select the correct statement.
1. Expiration occurs due to external intercostal muscles.
2. Intrapulmonary pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure during inspiration.
3. Inspiration occurs when atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.
4. Expiration is initiated due to contraction of diaphragm.

Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of
1. man
2. earthworm
3. cockroach
4. frog

Select the correct matching of the type of the joint with the example in the human skeletal system
1. Cartilaginous joint - between frontal and parietal
2. Pivot joint - between third and fourth Cervical vertebrae
3. Hinge joint - between humerus and pectoral girdle
4. Gliding joint - between carpals

The contractile protein of skeletal muscle involving ATPase activity is
1. Tropomyosin
2. Myosin
3. α- Actinin
4. Troponin

Which of the following match is correct?
1. Emphysema : reduction of surface area of alveoli and bronchi
2. Pneumonia : occupational disease with asbestos
3. Silicosis : inflammation of alveoli
4. Asthma : excessive secretion of bronchial mucus

Assertion: The first and the second heart sounds are produced by the closure of AV and semilunar valves respectively.
Reason: The opening of the valves should not produce any sounds under normal physiological conditions.
1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

A combination of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin, CO2HHb, being one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood is the
1. oxyhemoglobin.
2. deoxyhemoglobin.
3. carboxyhemoglobin.
4. carbaminohemoglobin

The net filtration pressure in human kidney is estimated to be:
1. 60 mm Hg
2. 32 mm Hg
3. 18 mm Hg
4. 10 mm Hg

The endocrine gland located at the superior pole of kidney is:
1. spleen
2. pancreas
3. adrenal gland
4. testes

The basal metabolic rate of most of the cells in the human body is directly under the control of:
1. TSH
2. Adrenaline
3. Cortisol
4. Iodothyronines

The resting axonal membrane is:

The human placenta has endocrine functions that does not secrete:
1. prolactin
2. estrogens
3. progesterones
4. human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

The middle ear:
1. is responsible for balancing the body.
2. is responsible for transmitting sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear
3. contains the otolith organs
4. is a cavity in parietal bone.

Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation.
1. Insulin
2. Glucagon
3. Secretin
4. Gastrin

Follicles are found in the ovaries and:
1. anterior pituitary
2. testis
3. thyroid
4. pancreas

The type of neuron seen in the retina of human eye are:
1. bipolar
2. unipolar
3. multipolar
4. sensory

Parts A, B, C and D of the human eye are shown in the diagram. Select the option which gives correct identification along with its functions/characteristics: