Angiotensinogen is synthesized by:
1. Liver
2. Macula densa
3. Juxta glomerular cells
4. Glial cells
Osteoporosis, in a post-menopausal woman, is most directly due to the deficiency of:
1. Progesterone
2. Estrogen
3. LH
4. FSH
The biomolecule that cannot act as a chemical messenger [hormone] is:
1. Proteins
2. Steroids
3. Fatty acids
4. Carbohydrate
Which of the following is a storage and release center for neurohormones?
1. Anterior pituitary
2. Posterior pituitary
3. Adrenal medulla
4. Pineal
The hormone melatonin is a derivative of:
1. Cholesterol
2. Tyrosine
3. Tryptophan
4. Niacin
Find the incorrect match:
1. Conn’s syndrome: Hypoaldosteronism
2. Cushing’s disease: Hypercortisolism
3. Hashimoto’s disease: Hypothyroidism
4. Osteitisfibrosacystica: Hyperparathyroidism
Modified fatty acids, prostaglandins, act as localized hormones that regulate neighbouring cells. Such a regulation is called as:
1. endocrine
2. paracrine
3. eccrine
4. glycoprotein
Which hormones stimulate the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate?
1. angiotensin and epinephrine
2. gastrin and insulin
3. cholecystokinin and secretin
4. insulin and glucagon
All the following regarding the regulation of a physiological function by either a neurotransmitter or a hormone are true except:
1. Target cells must have specific receptor proteins with which these molecules combine.
2. When these molecules bind to target cells, specific sequences of changes must occur.
3. There must be an “off-switch” that will stop the induced changes.
4. Second messengers will always be involved in the response of the target cell.
The direct consequence of inadequate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion would most likely be
1. dehydration
2. incontinence
3. dysuria
4. urolithiasis
The thalamus does all of the following except
1. processes and relays sensory information to the primary sensory cortex
2. filters incoming information and forwards relatively little to the cerebrum
3. receives and processes sensory input from olfactory receptors in the nose
4. sends signals about conscious awareness of emotional states to frontal lobes
Catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline are derived from the amino acid:
1. glycine
2. tyrosine
3. tryptophan
4. glutamic acid
Adenohypophysis is an endocrine gland that secretes all of the following except:
1. corticotropin
2. luteinizing hormone
3. somatostatin
4. somatotropin
Identify the precursor from the given list that can result in the synthesis of all others:
1. aldosterone
2. cholesterol
3. cholecalciferol
4. estrogen
A hormonal disorder that develops when pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood is known as:
1. cretinism
2. gigantism
3. Conn’s syndrome
4. Acromegaly
The thyroid hormone that has the most potent effect on increasing metabolic rate would be:
1. thyroxine
2. thyroglobulin
3. triiodothyronine
4. thyrocalcitonin
All the following would be true for the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, except:
1. secreted from the zona glomerulosa
2. decreases blood levels
3. stimulated by angiotensin II
4. raises blood volume
A patient suspected of having hypothyroidism is investigated and has low blood levels of thyroxin and triiodothyronine. He is given thyrotropin that causes the hormone levels to return to normal. What would such a condition be called?
1. Primary hyposecretion
2. Secondary hyposecretion
3. Primary hypersecretion
4. Secondary hypersecretion
Identify the incorrect statement regarding the main glucocorticoid cortisol in the human body:
1. Cortisol is important during fetal development for the proper differentiation of many tissues
2. Cortisol levels increase during stress and act to increase the plasma concentrations of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids
3. Cortisol is a potent anti-inflammatory agent and is useful for treating diseases such as arthritis
4. Cortisol promotes the action of the immune system
The human placenta has endocrine functions that does not secrete:
1. prolactin
2. estrogens
3. progesterones
4. human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)