ALTIUS - Unit Test # 3 (OLD NCERT)Contact Number: 8527521718ALTIUS - Unit Test # 3 (OLD NCERT)Contact Number: 8527521718‘Slash and burn’ agriculture practice in India has resulted in deforestation. The basic problem with this agriculture method is that it requires:
1. use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers
2. continual application of pesticides
3. long time for the soil to recover
4. availability of hybrid seeds
Atlas 66 is:
| 1. | a variety of maize with abundant lysine and tryptophan |
| 2. | a variety of wheat having a high protein content |
| 3. | vitamin C-enriched bitter gourd |
| 4. | an iron-fortified rice variety |
According to Central Pollution Control Board, the diameter of particles that are responsible for causing great harm to human health is:
1. 2.5 micrometer
2. 5.0 micrometer
3. 10.0 micrometer
4. 7.5 micrometer
If any protein-encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host, the protein formed is called:
| 1. | Recombinant protein | 2. | Native protein |
| 3. | Pro-protein | 4. | Exotic protein |
In animal breeding, an outcross is performed for all the following except:
1. Creating pure lines
2. Overcoming inbreeding depression
3. Increasing milk production
4. Increasing growth rate in beef cattle
Identify the incorrect statement regarding CFCs:
| 1. | They are synthetic gaseous compounds of carbon and halogens |
| 2. | Major sources are the refrigeration industry and industrial solvents |
| 3. | They have been only recently added to the atmosphere - synthesized during the 20th century |
| 4. | They have a short life in the atmosphere - 5 to 12 years |
According to Allen’s Rule, mammals from colder climates have:
1. Shorter ears and longer limbs
2. Longer ears and shorter limbs
3. Longer ears and longer limbs
4. Shorter ears and shorter limbs
Lactic Acid Bacillus, while used for converting milk to curd, increases the nutritional value of curd by adding vitamin:
| 1. | A | 2. | B12 |
| 3. | C | 4. | D |
In an ecological pyramid, the saprotrophs:
1. are primary producers
2. can be at any trophic level
3. are not given any place
4. are kept with apex predators
The pollinator of the fig plant:
| I: | Uses fruit as an oviposition site |
| II: | Uses seeds for nourishing its larvae |
| 1. | I only | 2. | II only |
| 3. | Both I and II | 4. | None |
Better yielding semi-dwarf varieties of rice developed in India are:
1. Sonalika and KalyanSona
2. IR – 8
3. Taichung native – 1
4. Jaya and Ratna
Which of the following will lead to decreased rate of decomposition of detritus?
1. Anaerobiosis
2. High temperature
3. Moist environment
4. High nitrogen content in detritus
Amensalism is an association between two species where:
1. One species is harmed and the other is benefitted
2. One species is harmed and the other is unaffected
3. One species is benefitted and the other is unaffected
4. Both species are harmed
Which of the following bacteria is not a source of restriction endonuclease?
1. Haemophilusinfluenzae
2. Escherichia coli
3. Entamoeba coli
4. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
In plants the most common morphological defense against herbivory is:
| 1. | Secondary metabolites | 2. | Silica deposits in tissues |
| 3. | Thorns | 4. | Trichomes |
The concentration of ozone in the stratosphere is normally lowest during the period:
1. February - April
2. May - July
3. July - October
4. November - January
You are using a plasmid to clone a gene of interest from a donor organism. Why is it desirable to use the same restriction enzyme to cut both the donor DNA and plasmid that also creates ‘sticky ends’?
| 1. | For easy identification of plasmids containing inserts |
| 2. | For easy identification of plasmids with antibiotic resistance |
| 3. | For easy insertion into plasmids of DNA segments from different sources |
| 4. | For ease of transformation |
The root of any successful plant breeding program is:
1. Effective germplasm collection
2. Availability of facilities for rDNA technology
3. Availability of pure lines
4. Presence of different agro-climatic zones
Commercially citric acid can be produced with the help of:
| 1. | Aspergillus niger | 2. | Tolypocladium inflatum |
| 3. | Lactic Acid Bacillus | 4. | Xanthomonas citri |
To ensure that an alien piece of DNA replicates and multiplies itself in the host organism, it is important that it:
1. is single-stranded
2. is linked with an ori
3. is heterochromatic
4. is not associated with any proteins
An explant is a :
1. dead plant
2. part of the plant
3. part of the plant used in tissue culture
4. part of the plant that expresses a specific gene.
A substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource is called:
| 1. | Pathogen | 2. | Allergen |
| 3. | Pollutant | 4. | Secondary metabolite |
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is:
| 1. | Propane | 2. | Methane |
| 3. | Ethane | 4. | Butane |
Which of the following alcoholic drinks are produced without distillation?
| 1. | Whiskey and Brandy | 2. | Brandy and Rum |
| 3. | Wine and Beer | 4. | Wine and Brandy |
Identify the incorrect statement regarding restriction endonucleases:
| 1. | They mostly cut dsDNA at specific base sequences. |
| 2. | They are produced by bacterial cells as a mechanism of self-defence. |
| 3. | They digest DNA by removing nucleotides from a free 3' end. |
| 4. | They often generate short single-stranded sequences at the ends of the resultant fragments. |
The scientific process by which crop plants are enriched with certain desirable nutrients is called:
1. crop protection
2. breeding
3. bio-fortification
4. bio-remediation.
The main difference between the “Sixth Extinction” and the previous five extinctions is that the sixth extinction:
1. is mainly occurring on islands
2. is mainly affecting plants
3. is occurring at a faster rate
4. does not involve human activities
If you want to regenerate virus-free plants in micropropagation, the best explants to choose will be:
| 1. | Embryo | 2. | Meristem |
| 3. | Anther | 4. | Carpel |
Arcata Wildlife Sanctuary in Arcata, California is also a/an:
1. innovative sewer management system
2. tiger reserve
3. nuclear waste disposal site
4. ecological hotspot
Consider the given two statements:
| I: | BOD is an indirect measure of the organic matter present in the water. |
| II: | The BOD test measures the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water. |
| 1. | Both I and II are correct and II explains I. |
| 2. | Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I. |
| 3. | Only II is correct. |
| 4. | Both I and II are incorrect. |
Biogas is primarily composed of:
1. Methane and Ammonia
2. Carbon dioxide and Hydrogen
3. Methane and Carbon dioxide
4. Hydrogen and Oxygen
When isolating the pure DNA from a bacterial cell, the cell should not be treated with:
| 1. | lysozyme | 2. | proteases |
| 3. | ribonuclease | 4. | deoxyribonuclease |
The name Ahmed Khan is associated with:
1. Organic farming
2. Polyblend
3. Ecosan
4. Reforestation
Identify the option where the Crop [Column I], Variety [Column II], and Resistance to diseases [Column III] are not correctly matched:
|
CROP |
VARIETY |
RESISTANCE TO |
|
|
1. |
Wheat |
Himgiri |
Leaf and stripe rust |
|
2. |
Brassica |
Karan rai |
White rust |
|
3. |
Cowpea |
PusaShubhra |
Bacterial blight |
|
4. |
Chilli |
PusaSadabahar |
Mosaic virus |
The cheapest and hazard-free mean of controlling crop diseases is:
1. Use of chemical pesticides
2. Use of biological control agents
3. Mutation breeding
4. Selection and use of disease-resistant varieties
'Restriction' in Restriction enzyme refers to:
| 1. | Cleaving of the phosphodiester bonds in DNA by the enzyme |
| 2. | Cutting of DNA at a specific position only |
| 3. | Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage by the host bacteria |
| 4. | All of the above |
The role of DNA ligase in the construction of a recombinant DNA molecule is:
| 1. | Formation of a phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments |
| 2. | Formation of hydrogen bonds between sticky ends of DNA fragments |
| 3. | Ligation of all purine and pyrimidine bases |
| 4. | None of the above |
RNA interference has been used to produce transgenic tobacco plant resistant to a nematode. It involves silencing gene expression at the:
1. initiation of transcription level
2. post-transcriptional but pre-translational level
3. level of translation
4. post-translational level
Combustion of solid wastes in the absence of oxygen is known as:
| 1. | Incineration | 2. | Pyrolysis |
| 3. | Anaerobiosis | 4. | Burning |
All substances that undergo biomagnifications are not easily degradable and are:
1. elements
2. new exposures to organisms
3. lipophilic
4. diluted as it progresses up a food web
A gene carried by recombinant DNA is cloned when:
1. Its host bacterium divides by binary fission
2. It is transcribed
3. It is fragmented by restriction enzymes
4. It is hybridized
Lichens are very useful pioneers in succession on a bare rock, especially because:
1. they are sensitive to environmental pollution
2. they have various modes of nutrition
3. they help in the formation of soil
4. they would prevent colonization by parasites
The argument that biodiversity provides many direct economic benefits to humans and therefore must be preserved is:
1. Narrowly utilitarian view
2. Broadly utilitarian view
3. Ethical argument
4. Holistic approach
Hot wastewater discharged from industries into water bodies:
| 1. | increases the nutrient content of the water body |
| 2. | decreases the BOD of water |
| 3. | is considered a water pollutant |
| 4. | is desirable as cool water is more damaging to aquatic life |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be an effective vector for delivering genes of interest into the cells of:
| 1. | wheat | 2. | soybean |
| 3. | rice | 4. | barley |
Agrobacterium mediation is least likely to be successful when used to create transgenic:
| 1. | Sugar cane | 2. | Cotton |
| 3. | Tobacco | 4. | Tomato |
The percent of the sun’s energy captured by plants is approximately:
| 1. | 1% | 2. | 10% |
| 3. | 20% | 4. | 50% |
Resistance to the yellow mosaic virus:
| 1. | was induced in mung bean and bhindi by mutation breeding |
| 2. | was transferred in mung bean and bhindi from a wild variety |
| 3. | was transferred in mung bean from a wild variety and induced in bhindi by mutation breeding |
| 4. | was transferred in bhindi from a wild variety and induced in mung bean by mutation breeding |
Edaphic factor refers to :
1. Water
2. Soil
3. Relative humidity
4. Altitude
Which of the following ‘flows’ through an ecosystem and does not ‘cycle’?
| 1. | Water | 2. | Nitrogen |
| 3. | Energy | 4. | Carbon |
Which of the following pyramids can never be inverted in any ecosystem?
1. Pyramid of numbers
2. Pyramid of biomass
3. Pyramid of energy
4. All ecological pyramids can be inverted
To evolve a pure line in any animal, inbreeding:
| 1. | is to be avoided as it exposes harmful alleles |
| 2. | is bad as it causes inbreeding depression |
| 3. | is necessary as inbreeding induces homozygosity |
| 4. | Unlike plants, there is no need to evolve a pure line in animals |
Allergic responses in our body are largely mediated by the antibodies belonging to the class:
1. IgA
2. IgE
3. IgG
4. IgM
The ‘Montreal Protocol aims’ at:
| 1. | controlling the release of greenhouse gases |
| 2. | controlling the emission of ozone-depleting substances |
| 3. | conservation of wetlands |
| 4. | promoting sustainable use of biodiversity |
Potential competitors can co-exist through:
1. niche differentiation
2. contest competition
3. interference competition
4. scramble competition
Cell-mediated immunity in humans:
| 1. | is mediated through B lymphocytes |
| 2. | does not retain the memory of previous encounters with antigens |
| 3. | is responsible for graft rejection |
| 4. | is a part of the innate immune response |
Match the animals given in column I with their location in column II:
|
Column I |
Column II |
||
| A. |
Dodo |
i. |
Africa |
| B. |
Quagga |
ii. |
Russia |
| C. |
Thylacine |
iii. |
Mauritius |
| D. |
Stellar’s sea cow |
iv. |
Australia |
Choose the correct match from the following:
| 1. | A-i | B-iii | C-ii | D-iv |
| 2. | A-iv | B-iii | C-i | D-ii |
| 3. | A-iii | B-i | C-ii | D-iv |
| 4. | A-iii | B-i | C-iv | D-ii |
Opportunistic infections are seen in AIDS when HIV significantly destroys:
1. T helper cells
2. T cytotoxic cells
3. B cells
4. Macrophages and dendritic cells
The share of India in the world’s land area and in the global species diversity, respectively, is (expressed in percentages) :
1. 2.4 and 8.1
2. 3.1 and 6.9
3. 1.9 and 12
4. 4 and 14.7
The most direct threat to biodiversity in the present time is due to:
1. Exotic introductions
2. Habitat loss and fragmentation
3. Co-extinction
4. Over-exploitation
The association between the cattle egret and the grazing cattle is a classical example of:
| 1. | Mutualism | 2. | Competition |
| 3. | Parasitism | 4. | Commensalism |
The free-living fungus Trichoderma can be used for:
1. killing insects
2. biological control of plant diseases
3. controlling butterfly caterpillars
4. producing antibiotics
Who is revered as the father of ecology in India?
1. Gurdev Singh Khush
2. Ramdeo Mishra
3. Panchanan Maheshwari
4. Jawahar Sharma
Which one of the following is not a nitrogen-fixing organism?
| 1. | Anabaena | 2. | Nostoc |
| 3. | Azotobacter | 4. | Pseudomonas |
Which of the following is not a secondary lymphoid tissue/organ in our body?
| 1. | Payer’s patches | 2. | Tonsils |
| 3. | Lymph nodes | 4. | Thymus |
Identify the incorrectly matched row:
|
|
Species A |
Species B |
Name of interaction |
|
1. |
+ |
0 |
Commensalism |
|
2. |
+ |
– |
Predation |
|
3. |
+ |
+ |
Mutualism |
|
4. |
– | – |
Amensalism |
Which of the following is not the causal organism for ringworm?
| 1. | Microsporum | 2. | Trichophyton |
| 3. | Epidermophyton | 4. | Macrosporum |
The first recombinant therapeutic product approved for human use is:
| 1. | streptokinase | 2. | tPA |
| 3. | insulin | 4. | penicillin |
In primary succession in water, the pioneers are:
1. Lichens
2. Mosses
3. Phytoplanktons
4. Rooted-submerged plants
Antivenom against snake poison contains:
1. Antigens
2. Antigen-antibody complexes
3. Antibodies
4. Enzymes
The substance produced by a cell in viral infection that can protect other cells from further infection is:
| 1. | serotonin | 2. | colostrum |
| 3. | interferon | 4. | histamine |
Which of the following diseases in man is not transmitted by a mosquito bite?
| 1. | Dengue fever | 2. | Filariasis |
| 3. | Ascariasis | 4. | Malaria |
Abingdon tortoise became extinct in the Galapagos islands due to:
1. introduction of a predator
2. presence of competitively superior grazer
3. co-extinction of plants favored by tortoises as a food
4. sudden climatic change
Which of the following glands is large-sized at birth but reduces in size with aging?
1. Pineal
2. Pituitary
3. Thymus
4. Thyroid
To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must:
| 1. | cover a major portion of the land area in the region |
| 2. | have a high number of endemic species with a high threat of extinction |
| 3. | be located in a biodiversity-rich but biotechnology-poor developing nations |
| 4. | have a high level of industrialization that threatens the ecosystem |
Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
|
1. |
Environment [Protection] Act |
1986 |
|
2. |
Air [Prevention and Control of Pollution] Act |
1987 |
|
3. |
Water [Prevention and Control of Pollution] Act |
1984 |
|
4. |
National Forest Policy |
1988 |
Two intermediate hosts used by human liver fluke to complete its life cycle are:
1. a snail and a fish
2. an arthropod and a mollusk
3. a fish and a reptile
4. a nematode and a flatworm
The Hepatitis B vaccine is produced in recombinant:
| 1. | E. coli | 2. | Yeast |
| 3. | Stem cells | 4. | Fibroblasts |
A population of 100 organisms has a birth rate of 0.6 and a death rate of 0.1. What is the expected number of organisms in this population at the end of one year?
| 1. | 90 | 2. | 110 |
| 3. | 150 | 4. | 160 |
Nicotine functions as a stimulant because it stimulates the release of:
1. Adrenaline
2. Thyroxine
3. Dopamine
4. Acetylcholine
A biome that is characterized by a mean annual temperature range between 200C and 250C and a mean annual precipitation range between 150 cm and 450 cm would be:
1. Grassland
2. Temperate forest
3. Tropical forest
4. Coniferous forest
Which of the following is not a correctly matched organism with its trophic level in an ecosystem?
| 1. | fungus | – | detritivore |
| 2. | grasshopper | – | primary consumer |
| 3. | zooplankton | – | primary producer |
| 4. | eagle | – | tertiary consumer |
Chill and high fever recurring in malaria coincide with:
1. Injection of sporozoites into the human blood
2. Multiplication of malarial parasite in the liver cells
3. Release of hemozoin by ruptured RBCs
4. Multiplication of malarial parasites in human RBCs
The correct descending order of the relative contribution of various greenhouse gases to total global warming is:
1. carbon dioxide; methane; nitrous oxide; CFCs
2. carbon dioxide; CFCs; methane; nitrous oxide
3. carbon dioxide; CFCs; nitrous oxide; methane
4. carbon dioxide; methane; CFCs; nitrous oxide
Predators in nature are ‘prudent’ because:
| 1. | This keeps their own population in check |
| 2. | Prudence keeps their hunting skills up to date |
| 3. | Lack of prudence can lead to their own extinction |
| 4. | This helps in the maintenance of genetic diversity in their gene poll |
In a typical sewage treatment plant:
| 1. | The primary treatment of waste treatment uses microbes |
| 2. | The BOD of waste water is enhanced during purification |
| 3. | Activated sludge is pumped into anaerobic digesters |
| 4. | Biogas, consisting of methane and ammonia, may be produced as an additional benefit |
Long-term steroid abuse in human males does not cause a decrease in:
1. size of testicles
2. sperm production
3. kidney and liver function
4. size of the prostate gland
Amongst the vertebrates, the maximum species number is found in:
1. Mammals
2. Birds
3. Fishes
4. Amphibians
Co-evolution will be promoted in all the following symbiotic relationships except:
1. Commensalism
2. Interspecific competition
3. Mutualism
4. Parasitism
In a food chain, the transition from an earlier trophic level to the next trophic level will lead to:
| 1. | a gain of 50% of energy | 2. | a gain of 1% of energy |
| 3. | a loss of 90% of energy | 4. | a loss of 10% of energy |
In the Verhulst-Pearl logistic model of population growth, the determinant which increases as the population increases towards the carrying capacity will be:
| 1. | r | 2. | N |
| 3. | K | 4. | [K – N] / K |
Which of the following is not an example of a marine fish eaten in India?
| 1. | Common carp | 2. | Mackerel |
| 3. | Hilsa | 4. | Sardines |
Interferon alpha, used in the treatment of certain cancers, acts as:
1. Immunosuppressant
2. Biological response modifiers
3. Mitochondrial anti-oxidants
4. Monoclonal antibodies
Which of the following drugs exerts its effects due to inhibition of selective re-uptake of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin?
| 1. | Cocaine | 2. | Cannabinoids |
| 3. | Opioids | 4. | Nicotine |
In Connell’s experiment:
| 1. | Balanus excluded Chathamalus from the intertidal area. |
| 2. | Chathamalus excluded Balanus from the intertidal area. |
| 3. | Balanus is smaller than Chathamalus. |
| 4. | Both are equally competitive. |
If done in an environment-friendly manner, the only solution for the treatment of e-wastes is:
1. Open-burning dumps
2. Incinerators
3. Recycling
4. Sanitary landfills
What is the number of correct statements amongst the given statements?
I. According to CPCB, particulate size 2.5 micrometer or less are responsible for causing the greatest harm to human health.
II. Motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converters should use unleaded petrol.
III. Noise was added as an air pollutant by an amendment to the Air Pollution Act in 2001.
IV. CNG does not cause air pollution
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
Consider the two statements:
| I: | In MOET procedures, the embryos are transferred into the uterus of surrogates. |
| II: | Surrogates are always superior in reproductive function than the chosen genetic mother. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct but II is incorrect.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.
Transmission through water and contaminated food is primarily responsible for the spread of all of the following infectious diseases except:
| 1. | Polio | 2. | Dysentery |
| 3. | Ascariasis | 4. | Pneumonia |