FORTIUS - PYQ based Unit Test # 1 (OLD NCERT)Contact Number: 8527521718FORTIUS - PYQ based Unit Test # 1 (OLD NCERT)Contact Number: 8527521718An example of a seed with endosperm, perisperm, and caruncle is:
| 1. | castor | 2. | cotton |
| 3. | coffee | 4. | lily |
The length of the DNA molecule greatly exceeds the dimensions of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. How is this DNA accommodated?
1. Deletion of non-essential genes
2. Super-coiling in nucleosomes
3. DNAse digestion
4. Through the elimination of repetitive DNA
A population will not exist in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if:
1. Individuals mate selectively
2. There are no mutations
3. There is no migration
4. The population is large
Antiparallel strands of DNA molecules means:
| 1. | One strand turns clockwise |
| 2. | One strand turns anticlockwise |
| 3. | Phosphate groups of the two strands share the same position on their ends |
| 4. | Phosphate groups at the start of the DNA strands are in the opposite position |
Which of the following has proved helpful in preserving pollens as fossils?
| 1. | Pollenkit | 2. | Cellulosic intine |
| 3. | Oil content | 4. | Sporopollenin |
Removal of introns and joining the exons in a defined order in a transcription unit is called :
| 1. | splicing | 2. | tailing |
| 3. | transformation | 4. | capping |
Which of the following are the important floral rewards for animal pollinators?
1. Nectar and pollen grains
2. Floral fragrance and calcium crystals
3. Protein pellicle and stigmatic exudates
4. Colour and large size of the flower
A molecule that can act as a genetic material must fulfill the traits given below, except:
| 1. | it should be able to express itself in the form of 'Mendelian characters' |
| 2. | it should be able to generate its replica |
| 3. | it should be unstable structurally and chemically |
| 4. | it should provide the scope for slow changes that are required for evolution |
Darwin's finches are a good example of:
| 1. | industrial melanism | 2. | connecting link |
| 3. | adaptive radiation | 4. | convergent evolution |
Which one of the following statements is not correct?
| 1. | Offspring produced by asexual reproduction is called clone |
| 2. | Microscopic motile asexual reproductive structures are called zoospores |
| 3. | In potatoes, bananas, and ginger, the plantlets arise from the internodes present in the modified stem |
| 4. | Water hyacinth growing in standing water drains oxygen from water that leads to the death of fishes |
Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
| Mode of reproduction | Example | ||
| (a) | Offset | (i) | Water hyacinth |
| (b) | Rhizome | (ii) | Banana |
| (c) | Binary fission | (iii) | Sargassum |
| (d) | Conidia | (iv) | Penicilium |
1. a
2. b
3. c
4. d
During DNA replication, Okazaki fragments are used to elongate the :
1. leading strand towards the replication fork
2. lagging strand towards the replication fork
3. leading strand away from the replication fork
4. lagging strand away from the replication fork
From his experiments, S.L. Miller produced amino acids by mixing which of the following in a closed flask:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Examine the figure (A-D) given below and select the right option out of 1-4, in which all the four structures A, B, C, and D are identified correctly:
Options
| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | Runner | Archegoniophore | Synergid | Antheridium |
| 2. | Offset | Antheridiophore | Antipodals | Oogonium |
| 3. | Sucker | Seta | Megaspore mother cell |
Gamma cup |
| 4. | Rhizome | Sporangiophore | Polar cell | Globule |
If there are 999 bases in an RNA that codes for a protein with 333 amino acids, and the base at position 901 is deleted such that the length of the RNA becomes 998 bases, how many codons will be altered?
| 1. | 11 | 2. | 33 |
| 3. | 333 | 4. | 1 |
The factor that leads to Founder effect in a population is:
1. Mutation
2. Genetic drift
3. Natural selection
4. Genetic recombination
In antirrhinum, two plants with pink flowers were hybridized. The F1 plants produced red, pink, and white flowers in the proportion of 1 red, 2 pink and 1 white. What could be the genotype of the two plants used for hybridization? Red flower colour is determined by RR, and White by rr genes.
| 1. | RR | 2. | Rr |
| 3. | rr | 4. | rrrr |
If the DNA percentage of thymine is 20%, then what is the percentage of guanine?
| 1. | 20% | 2. | 40% |
| 3. | 30% | 4. | 60% |
DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radioactive molecule is called:
| 1. | vector | 2. | probe |
| 3. | clone | 4. | plasmid |
The equivalent of a structural gene is:
| 1. | muton | 2. | cistron |
| 3. | operon | 4. | recon |
Select the correct option:
| Direction of RNA synthesis |
Direction of reading of the template DNA strand |
|
| 1. | 5'-3' | 3' - 5' |
| 2. | 3'-5' | 5' - 3' |
| 3. | 5' - 3' | 5' - 3' |
| 4. | 3' - 5' | 3' - 5' |
| 1. | 1 | 2. | 2 |
| 3. | 3 | 4. | 4 |
Filiform apparatus is a characteristic feature of:
| 1. | Suspensor | 2. | Egg |
| 3. | Synergid | 4. | Zygote |
Coconut water and the edible part of coconut are equivalent to :
| 1. | Endosperm | 2. | Endocarp |
| 3. | Mesocarp | 4. | Embryo |
Which one of the following is wrong about Chara?
| 1. | Globule and nucule present on the same plant |
| 2. | Upper antheridium and lower oogonium |
| 3. | Globule is a male reproductive structure |
| 4. | Upper oogonium and lower round antheridium |
In a population of 1000 individuals, 360 belong to genotype AA, 480 to Aa and the remaining 160 to aa. Based on this data, the frequency of allele A in the population is :
| 1. | 0.4 | 2. | 0.5 |
| 3. | 0.6 | 4. | 0.7 |
A dioecious flowering plant prevents both:
1. Autogamy and geitonogamy
2. Geitonogamy and xenogamy
3. Cleistogamy and xenogamy
4. Autogamy and xenogamy
In which pair both the plants can be vegetatively propagated by leaf segments?
| 1. | Agave and Kalanchoe |
| 2. | Bryophyllum and Kalanchoe |
| 3. | Asparagus and Bryophyllum |
| 4. | Chrysanthemum and Agave |
Which one of the following may require pollinators, but is genetically similar to autogamy?
| 1. | Geitonogamy | 2. | Xenogamy |
| 3. | Apogamy | 4. | Cleistogamy |
Purines found both in DNA and RNA are:
| 1. | Cytosine and thymine | 2. | Adenine and thymine |
| 3. | Adenine and guanine | 4. | Guanine and cytosine |
The wheat grain has an embryo with one large, shield-shaped cotyledon known as:
| 1. | Coleorrhiza | 2. | Scutellum |
| 3. | Coleoptile | 4. | Epiblast |
Functional megaspore in an angiosperm develops into:
| 1. | Endosperm | 2. | Embryo sac |
| 3. | Embryo | 4. | Ovule |
The chief advantage of encystment to an Amoeba is:
| 1. | The ability to survive during adverse physical conditions |
| 2. | The ability to live for some time without ingesting food |
| 3. | Protection from parasites and predators |
| 4. | The chance to get rid of accumulated waste products |
Variations caused by mutation, as proposed by Hugo de Vries, are:
1. small and directionless
2. random and directional
3. random and directionless
4. small and directional
A typical angiosperm embryo sac at maturity is:
1. 7-nucleate and 7-celled
2. 8-nucleate and 8-celled
3. 8-nucleate and 7-celled
4. 7-nucleate and 8-celled
In present times, the origin of life is not possible from inorganic compounds due to:
1. Non-availability of raw material
2. High concentration of O2 in the atmosphere
3. Decrease in temperature
4. Excess of pollution
The first phase of translation is:
1. Recognition of DNA molecule
2. Aminoacylation of tRNA
3. Recognition of an anti-codon
4. Binding of mRNA to ribosome
Even in absence of pollinating agents, seed setting is assured in:
| 1. | Commelina | 2. | Zostera |
| 3. | Salvia | 4. | Fig |
The following ratio is generally constant for a given species:
| 1. | T + C / G + A | 2. | G + C / A+ T |
| 3. | A + C / T + G | 4. | A + G / C +T |
E. Coli about to replicate was placed in a medium containing radioactive thymidine for five minutes. Then, it was made to replicate in a normal medium. Which of the following observation shall be correct?
1. Both strands of DNA will be radioactive
2. One strand is radioactive
3. Each strand is half radioactive
4. None is radioactive
What type of pollination takes place in Vallisneria?
| 1. | Pollination occurs in submerged conditions by water. |
| 2. | Flowers emerge above the surface of water and pollination occurs by insects. |
| 3. | Flowers emerge above the water surface and pollen is carried by the wind. |
| 4. | Male flowers are carried by water currents to female flowers at the surface of the water. |
Due to the discovery of which of the following in 1980, the evolution was termed as RNA world?
1. m-RNA, t-RNA- r-RNA synthesise proteins
2. In some viruses, RNA is the genetic material
3. RNA has enzymatic property
4. RNA is not found in all cells
Which one of the following sequences was proposed by Darwin and Wallace for organic evolution?
| 1. | Overproduction, variations, constancy of population size, natural selection |
| 2. | Variations, constancy of population size, overproduction, natural selection |
| 3. | Overproduction, constancy of population size, variations, natural selection |
| 4. | Variations, natural selection, overproduction, constancy of population size |
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) refers to:
1. Novel DNA sequence
2. Genes expressed as RNA
3. Polypeptide expression
4. DNA polymorphism
One turn of the helix in a B-form DNA is approximately:
| 1. | 20 nm | 2. | 0.34 nm |
| 3. | 3.4 nm | 4. | 2 nm |
From the following, identify the correct combination of salient features of the Genetic Code:
| 1. | Universal, Non-ambiguous, Overlapping |
| 2. | Degenerate, Overlapping, Commaless |
| 3. | Universal, Ambiguous, Degenerate |
| 4. | Degenerate, Non-overlapping, Non-ambiguous |
Two genes R and Y are located very close on the chromosomal linkage map of the maize plant. When RRYY and rryy genotypes are hybridized, then F2 segregation will show:
1. higher number of the recombinant types
2. segregation in the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio
3. segregation in a 3:1 ratio
4. higher number of the parental types
Which of the following rRNA acts as structural RNA as well as ribozyme in bacteria?
| 1. | 5S rRNA | 2. | 18S rRNA |
| 3. | 23S rRNA | 4. | 5.8S rRNA |
A true breeding plant is:
| 1. | Always homozygous recessive in its genetic constitution |
| 2. | One that is able to breed on its own |
| 3. | Produced due to cross-pollination among unrelated plants |
| 4. | Near homozygous and produces offspring of its kind |
A diploid female plant is crossed with a tetraploid male. The ploidy of endosperm will be:
| 1. | Tetraploidy | 2. | Pentaploidy |
| 3. | Triploidy | 4. | Diploidy |
Haemophilia is more commonly seen in human males than in human females because:
| 1. | This disease is due to a Y-linked recessive mutation |
| 2. | This disease is due to an X-linked recessive mutation |
| 3. | This disease is due to an X-linked dominant mutation |
| 4. | A greater proportion of girls die in infancy |
The testes in humans are situated outside the abdominal cavity inside a pouch called scrotum. The purpose served is for:
| 1. | escaping any possible compression by the visceral organs |
| 2. | providing more space for the growth of epididymis |
| 3. | providing a secondary sexual feature for exhibiting the male sex |
| 4. | maintaining the scrotal temperature lower than the internal body temperature |
In the case of peppered moth (Biston betularia), the black-colored form became dominant over the light-colored form in England during the industrial revolution. This is an example of:
| 1. | Inheritance of darker color character acquired due to the darker environment. |
| 2. | Natural selection whereby the darker forms were selected. |
| 3. | Appearance of the dark-colored individuals due to very poor sunlight |
| 4. | Protective mimicry |
Select the correct sequence for the transport of sperm cells in the male reproductive system:
| 1. | Testis → Epididymis → Vasa efferentia → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Inguinal canal → Urethra → Urethral meatus |
| 2. | Testis → Epididymis → Vasa efferentia → Rete testis → Inguinal canal → Urethra |
| 3. | Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis → Vasa efferentia → Epididymus → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Urethral meatus |
| 4. | Seminiferous tubules → Vasa efferentia → Epididymis → Inguinal canal → Urethra |
| I: | Haemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disease. |
| II: | Down’s syndrome is due to aneuploidy. |
| III: | Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive gene disorder. |
| IV: | Sickle cell anaemia is an X-linked recessive gene disorder |
| 1. | II and IV are correct | 2. | I, III and IV are correct |
| 3. | I, II and III are correct | 4. | I and IV are correct |
Production of a human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because
| 1. | Bacterial cells can carry out the RNA splicing reactions |
| 2. | The mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humans and bacteria |
| 3. | The human chromosome can replicate in bacterial cell |
| 4. | The genetic code is universal |
Match the items of Column-I with Column-II:
| Column-I | Column-II | ||
| (a) | XX-XO method of sex determination | (i) | Turner's syndrome |
| (b) | XX-XY method of sex Determination | (ii) | Female heterogametic |
| (c) | Karyotype-45 | (iii) | Grasshopper |
| (d) | ZW-ZZ method of Sex Determination | (iv) | Female homogametic |
Select the correct option from the following:
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (ii) | (iv) | (i) | (iii) |
| 2. | (i) | (iv) | (ii) | (iii) |
| 3. | (iii) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) |
| 4. | (iv) | (ii) | (i) | (iii) |
A woman with 47 chromosomes, due to three copies of chromosome 21, is characterized by:
| 1. | Turner syndrome | 2. | Down syndrome |
| 3. | Superfemaleness | 4. | Triploidy |
A man and a woman, who do not show any apparent signs of a certain inherited disease, have seven children (2 daughters and 5 sons). Three of the sons suffer from the given disease but none of the daughters are affected. Which of the following mode of inheritance do you suggest for this disease?
1. Sex-limited recessive
2. Autosomal dominant
3. Sex-linked recessive
4. Sex-linked dominant
The correct sequence of spermatogenetic stages leading to the formation of sperms in a mature human testis is:
| 1. | spermatocyte-spermatogonia- spermatid-sperms |
| 2. | spermatogonia-spermatocyte-spermatid-sperms |
| 3. | spermatid-spermatocyte-spermatogonia-sperms |
| 4. | spermatogonia-spermatid-spermatocyte-sperms |
What is the figure given below showing in particular?
| 1. | Ovarian cancer | 2. | Uterine cancer |
| 3. | Tubectomy | 4. | Vasectomy |
Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are caused due to a problem in globin molecule synthesis. Select the correct statement :
| 1. | Both are due to a qualitative defect in globin chain synthesis. |
| 2. | Both are due to a quantitative defect in globin chain synthesis. |
| 3. | Thalassemia is due to less synthesis of globin molecules. |
| 4. | Sickle cell anemia is due to a quantitative problem of globin molecules |
Satellite DNA is important because it:
| 1. | shows a high degree of polymorphism in the population and also the same degree of polymorphism in an individual, which is heritable from parents to children |
| 2. | does not code for proteins and is the same in all members of the population |
| 3. | codes for enzymes needed for DNA replication |
| 4. | codes for proteins needed in the cell cycle |
An ideal contraceptive should not:
1. Be user friendly
2. Be effective and reversible
3. Have the least side effects
4. Interfere with sexual drive
Identify the human development stage shown below as well as the related right place of its occurrence in a normal pregnant woman, and select the right option for the two together:
|
Developmental stage |
Site of occurrence |
|
|
1. |
Blastocyst |
Uterine wall |
|
2. |
8 cells morula |
Starting point of Fallopian tube |
|
3. |
Late morula |
Middle part of Fallopian tube |
|
4. |
Blastula |
End part of Fallopian tube |
Cu ions released from copper-releasing Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs):
1. make the uterus unsuitable for implantation
2. increase phagocytosis of sperms
3. suppress sperm motility
4. prevent ovulation
The extinct human who lived 100000 to 40000 years ago, in Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa, with short stature, heavy eyebrows, retreating for heads, large jaws with heavy teeth, stocky bodies, a lumbering gait, and stooped posture was:
1. Homo habilis
2. Neanderthal human
3. Cro-Magnon humans
4. Ramapithecus
If a female having gene for haemophilia and colour-blindness on one X-chromosome marries a normal male, then what are the chances in their offspring?
1. 50% sons diseased and 50% normal
2. All normal offspring
3. 100% daughters are carrier
4. 100% sons diseased
Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (a) | Proliferative Phase | (i) | Breakdown of the endometrial lining |
| (b) | Secretory Phase | (ii) | Follicular Phase |
| (c) | Menstruation | (iii) | Luteal Phase |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | |
| 1. | (ii) | (iii) | (i) |
| 2. | (i) | (iii) | (ii) |
| 3. | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
| 4. | (iii) | (i) | (ii) |
A childless couple can be assisted to have a child through a technique called GIFT. The full form of this technique is:
1. Gamete Inseminated Fallopian Transfer
2. Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer
3. Gamete Internal Fertilization and Transfer
4. Germ Cell Internal Fallopian Transfer
Which one of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?
1. Flower colour in Mirabilis jalapa
2. Production of male honey bee
3. Pod shape in garden pea
4. Skin colour in humans
Seminal plasma in humans is rich in:
1. fructose, calcium and certain enzymes
2. fructose and calcium but has no enzymes
3. glucose and certain enzymes but has no calcium
4. fructose and certain enzymes but is poor in calcium
The permissible use of the technique amniocentesis is for:
| 1. | detecting sex of the unborn foetus |
| 2. | artificial insemination |
| 3. | transfer of embryo into the uterus of a surrogate mother |
| 4. | detecting any genetic abnormality |
Consider the statements given below regarding contraception and answer as directed thereafter:
| A. | Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) during the first trimester is generally safe |
| B. | Generally, chances of conception are nil until the mother breast-feeds the infants up to two years |
| C. | Intrauterine devices like copper-T are effective contraceptives |
| D. | Contraception pills may be taken up to one week after coitus to prevent conception |
| 1. | B, C | 2. | C, D |
| 3. | A, C | 4. | A, B |
Withdrawal of which of the following hormones is the immediate cause of menstruation?
| 1. | Estrogen | 2. | FSH |
| 3. | FSH-RH | 4. | Progesterone |
In human adult females, oxytocin:
1. causes strong uterine contractions during parturition.
2. is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
3. stimulates the growth of mammary glands.
4. stimulates the pituitary to secrete vasopressin.
Which of the following is not a sexually transmitted disease?
1. Syphilis
2. Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
3. Trichomoniasis
4. Encephalitis
Flippers of Penguins and Dolphins are examples of:
| 1. | Convergent evolution | 2. | Industrial melanism |
| 3. | Natural selection | 4. | Adaptive radiation |
The first movements of the foetus and the appearance of hair on its head are usually observed during which month of pregnancy?
| 1. | Fourth month | 2. | Fifth month |
| 3. | Sixth month | 4. | Third month |
In the following human pedigree, the filled symbols represent the affected individuals. Identify the type of given pedigree:
| 1. | Autosomal dominant | 2. | X-linked recessive |
| 3. | Autosomal recessive | 4. | X-linked dominant |
In case of a couple, where the male is having a very low sperm count, which technique will be suitable for fertilisation?
1. Intrauterine Transfer
2. Gamete intracytoplasmic fallopian transfer
3. Artificial Insemination
4. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster was found to be very suitable for experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance by Morgan and his colleagues because:
| 1. | a single mating produces two young flies |
| 2. | smaller female is easily recognisable from a large male |
| 3. | it completes its life cycle in about two weeks |
| 4. | it reproduces parthenogenetically |
The secretory phase in the human menstrual cycle is also called?
1. Luteal phase and it lasts for about 13 days.
2. Follicular phase and it lasts for about 13 days.
3. Luteal phase and it lasts for about 6 days.
4. Follicular phase and it lasts for about 6 days.
Which of these is not an important component of initiation of parturition in humans?
1. Release of oxytocin
2. Release of prolactin
3. Increase in estrogen and progesterone ratio
4. Synthesis of prostaglandins
The second maturation division of the mammalian ovum occurs:
| 1. | shortly after ovulation before the ovum makes an entry into the Fallopian tube |
| 2. | after the ovum has been penetrated by a sperm |
| 3. | until the nucleus of the sperm has fused with that of the ovum |
| 4. | in the Graafian follicle following the first maturation division |
Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents:
| 1. | Directional, as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction |
| 2. | Disruptive, as it splits the population into two, one yielding higher output and the other lower output |
| 3. | Stabilizing followed by disruptive, as it stabilizes the population to produce higher-yielding cows |
| 4. | Stabilizing selection, as it stabilizes this character in the population |
The best example of pleiotropy is:
1. Skin color
2. Phenylketonuria
3. Colour Blindness
4. ABO Blood group
The combination pill is taken by a female:
| 1. | Daily for a period of 21 days beginning within the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle |
| 2. | On alternate days for a period of 21 days beginning within the first 5 days of the menstrual cycle |
| 3. | Daily for a period of 21 days beginning after the end of the menstrual flow |
| 4. | Daily for a period of 7 days beginning after the end of the menstrual flow |
Which is the basis of genetic mapping of the human genome as well as DNA fingerprinting?
1. Polymorphism in the DNA sequence
2. Single nucleotide polymorphism
3. Polymorphism in the hnRNA sequence
4. Polymorphism in the RNA sequence
The contraceptive ‘SAHELI’:
| 1. | is an IUD. |
| 2. | increases the concentration of estrogen and prevents ovulation in females. |
| 3. | blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus, preventing eggs from getting implanted. |
| 4. | is a post-coital contraceptive. |
Which enzyme(s) will be produced in a cell in which there is a nonsense mutation in the lac Y gene?
| 1. | Lactose permease |
| 2. | Transacetylase |
| 3. | Lactose permease and transacetylase |
| 4. | β - galactosidase |
DNA fingerprinting refers to:
| 1. | Analysis of DNA samples using imprinting devices |
| 2. | Techniques used for molecular analysis of different specimens of DNA |
| 3. | Techniques used for the identification of fingerprints of individuals |
| 4. | Molecular analysis of profiles of DNA samples |
In Australia, marsupials and placental mammals have evolved to share many similar characteristics. This type of evolution may be referred to as :
| 1. | Adaptive Radiation | 2. | Divergent Evolution |
| 3. | Cyclical Evolution | 4. | Convergent Evolution |
How many sperms are formed from a secondary spermatocyte?
| 1. | 4 | 2. | 8 |
| 3. | 2 | 4. | 1 |
Ernst Haeckel's embryological support for evolution was disapproved by:
| 1. | Alfred Wallace | 2. | Charles Darwin |
| 3. | Oparin | 4. | Karl Ernst von Baer |
Which of the following characteristics represent the 'Inheritance of blood groups' in humans?
a. Dominance
b. Co-dominance
c. Multiple allelism
d. Incomplete dominance
e. Polygenic inheritance
| 1. | b, c, and e | 2. | a, b and c |
| 3. | b, d, and e | 4. | a, c, and e |
No new follicles develop in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle because :
| 1. | Follicles do not remain in the ovary after ovulation |
| 2. | FSH levels are high in the luteal phase |
| 3. | LH levels are high in the luteal phase |
| 4. | Both FSH and LH levels are low in the luteal phase |
Which one of the following conditions correctly describe the manner of determining the sex in the given example?
| 1. | Homozygous sex chromosomes (ZZ) determine the female sex in birds. |
| 2. | XO type of sex chromosomes determine male sex in grasshopper |
| 3. | XO condition in humans as found in Turner Syndrome, determines female sex. |
| 4. | Homozygous sex chromosomes (XX) produce males in Drosophila. |