A center that moderates the functions of the respiratory rhythm center is located in:
1. Dorsal medulla oblongata
2. Ventral medulla oblongata
3. Pons Varolii
4. Pre-central gyrus of the cerebrum
1. | Not enclosed by a Schwann cell and hence not enclosed by a myelin sheath. |
2. | Enclosed by a Schwann cell that does not form a myelin sheath. |
3. | Not enclosed by a Schwann cell but enclosed by a myelin sheath formed by oligodendrocytes. |
4. | Not found in the autonomous and the somatic neural system. |
The brain stem does not include :
1. Mid-brain
2. Medulla oblongata
3. Pons Varolii
4. Cerebellum
Which of the following is a major coordinating center for sensory and motor signaling for the cerebrum?
1. Hypothalamus
2. Thalamus
3. Corpora quadrigemina
4. Amygdala
The sensory neuron enters the spinal cord through:
1. | The dorsal root of the spinal nerve |
2. | The ventral root of the spinal nerve |
3. | Either dorsal or ventral root depending on the point of origin |
4. | Both dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal nerves |
From inside to outside the correct order of the following cells in the retina would be:
1. Ganglion cells - Photoreceptor cells - Bipolar cells
2. Ganglion cells - Bipolar cells - Photoreceptor cells
3. Bipolar cells - Photoreceptor cells - Ganglion cells
4. Photoreceptor cells - Ganglion cells - Bipolar cells
In the human eye, the visual acuity is highest at:
1. Macula lutea
2. Optic disc
3. Fovea centralis
4. Optic chiasma
Reissner's membrane separates:
1. Scala vestibuli and Scala media
2. Tympanic cavity and Pharynx
3. Fenestra rotundus and Fenestra ovalis
4. Scala media and Scala tympani
The resting membrane potential is established primarily due to:
1. Sodium-potassium pump
2. Efflux of potassium
3. Influx of sodium
4. Influx of chloride
Most sensory receptors function by producing depolarising potentials. Which of the following function by hyperpolarization rather than depolarization ?
1. proprioceptors
2. nociceptors
3. olfactory receptors
4. rods and cones
The stapes sends its vibrations to
1. Incus
2. Round window
3. Tympanic membrane
4. Oval window
Pneumotaxic centre which can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm centre is present at:
1. Pons region of brain
2. Thalamus
3. Spinal cord
4. Right cerebral hemisphere
The vasomotor center that controls the diameter of blood vessels is located in the
1. medulla oblongata
2. pons
3. cerebrum
4. cerebellum
Consider the following statements:
I. A motor neuron along with the muscle fibres connected to it constitute a motor unit
II. The neurotransmitter released at the neuro-muscular junction is Acetylcholine.
III. Myosin head has ATPase activity.
Which of the above statements are true?
1. I and II only
2. I and III only
3. II and III only
4. I, II, and III
Consider the following statements:
I. Somatic neural system relays impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles.
II. Autonomic neural system transmits impulses from CNS to involuntary organs and smooth muscles.
III. Unmyelinated nerve fibres are commonly found in spinal and cranial nerves.
Which of the above statements are true?
1. I and II only
2. I and III only
3. II and III only
4. I, II, and III
Consider the following statements:
I: | The resting axonal membrane is nearly impermeable to sodium ions. |
II: | Depolarization of the axonal membrane is due to the influx of sodium ions. |
III: | The size of the action potential, if produced, does not depend on the strength of the stimulus. |
Which of the above statements are true?
1. I and II only
2. I and III only
3. II and III only
4. I, II and III
Consider the following statements:
I. Acetylcholine is released at the electric synapse.
II. Electric synapses are faster.
III. It is more difficult to regulate an electric synapse with respect to a chemical synapse.
Which of the above statements are true?
1. I and II only
2. I and III only
3. II and III only
4. I, II, and III
Match each item in Column I with one item in Column II and chose your answer from the codes given below:
Column I |
Column II |
I. Diencephalon |
1. Thalamus and Hypothalamus |
Codes
I II III IV
(1) 1 2 3 4
(2) 2 1 4 3
(3) 2 1 3 4
(4) 1 2 4 3
Match each item in Column I with one item in Column II and chose your answer from the codes given below:
Column I (Structure) |
Column II (Function) |
I. Corpus striatum II. Amygdala III. Hippocampus IV. Septum |
1. Aggression and remembering fear 2. Planning and execution of stereotyped movements 3. Sexual arousal 4. Memory |
Codes
I II III IV
(1) 1 2 3 4
(2) 2 1 4 3
(3) 2 1 3 4
(4) 1 2 4 3
Match each item in Column I with one item in Column II and chose your answer from the codes given below:
Column I |
Column II |
I. Cornea |
1. Accommodation |
Codes
I II III IV
(1) 1 2 3 4
(2) 2 1 4 3
(3) 2 1 3 4
(4) 1 2 4 3
The scala tympani terminates at the round window which opens to the:
1. Cochlear duct
2. Helicotrema
3. Middle ear
4. Scala vestibule
Which of the following target tissues is innervated by only neurons from the sympathetic nervous system?
1. adrenal medulla
2. lacrimal glands
3. bronchioles
4. iris of the eye
Which brain disease involves degeneration of cholinergic neurons in certain brain regions, causing deterioration of cognitive and intellectual functions in the elderly?
1. Schizophrenia
2. Depression
3. Alzheimer disease
4. Cerebral Palsy
What would happen if you had an unusually short basilar membrane in the cochlea?
1. Your sense of balance would be affected.
2. You would not be able to detect very high frequency sounds.
3. You would not be able to detect very low frequency sounds.
4. All sounds would be muffled
Which statement is not correct concerning rods and cones?
1. Rods are responsible for black and white vision.
2. Cones are responsible for color vision.
3. Most of the rods and cones are concentrated in the fovea.
4. Cones are responsible for high visual acuity or sharpness.
The actual receptors for hearing and balance are the _____.
1. mechanoreceptors
2. otoliths
3. cochlear cells
4. hair cells
The _____ acts to keep one aroused and awake.
1. vasomotor center
2. corpora quadrigemina
3. diencephalon
4. reticular formation
The membrane closest to the brain is the _____.
1. dura mater
2. pia mater
3. arachnoid meninx
4. denticulate ligament
Five events in the transmission of nerve impulse across the synapse -
A. | Opening of specific ion channels allows the entry of ions, a new action potential is generated in the post-synaptic neuron |
B. | Neurotransmitter binds to the receptor on post-synaptic membrane. |
C. | Synaptic vesicle fuses with pre-synaptic membrane, neurotransmitter releases into synaptic cleft |
D. | Depolarization of pre-synaptic membrane |
E. | Arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal |
In which sequence do these events occur?
1. E D C B A
2. A B C D E
3. A B D C E
4. E D C A B
Which of the following features is not related with pons?
1. It forms floor of brain stem
2. It serves as neural link between different parts of brain
3. It can moderate the functions of respiratory rhythm centre
4. It has a chemosensitive area for respiratory regulation