Human Health and Disease - NCERT based PYQs

1.

Which part of poppy plant is used to obtain the drug Smack?

1.	Flowers	2.	Latex
3.	Roots	4.	Leaves

2. In which disease does mosquito transmitted pathogen cause chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels?
1. Elephantiasis
2. Ascariasis
3. Ringworm disease
4. Amoebiasis

3.

Transplantation of tissues/organs fails often due to non-acceptance by the patient's body. Which type of immune-response is responsible for such rejections?

1.	Cell-mediated immune response
2.	Hormonal immune response
3.	Physiological immune response
4.	Autoimmune response

4.

Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative agent HIV?

1.	HIV is an enveloped virus containing one molecule of single-stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase
2.	HIV is an enveloped virus that contains two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase
3.	HIV is an unenveloped retrovirus
4.	HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response

5.

MALT constitutes about _______ percent of the lymphoid tissue in the human body.

1.	20%	2.	70%
3.	10%	4.	50%

6.

In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish between self-cells and non-self. If this property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self–cells, then it leads to:
1. graft rejection
2. auto-immune disease
3. active immunity
4. allergic response

7.

Antivenom injection contains performed antibodies while polio drops that are administered into the body contain:
1. harvested antibodies
2. gamma globulin
3. attenuated pathogens
4. activated pathogens

8.

Which of the following immunoglobulins constitute the largest percentage in human milk?
1. IgD
2. IgM
3. IgA
4. IgG

9.

Grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to?

1.	Humanol immune response
2.	Cell-mediated immune response
3.	Passive immune response
4.	Innate immune response

10. HIV that causes AIDS first starts destroying:
1. B-lymphocytes
2. leucocytes
3. helper T-lymphocytes
4. thrombocytes

11. Infection of Ascaris usually occurs by:
1. Eating imperfectly cooked pork.
2. Tse - tse fly.
3. mosquito bite.
4. drinking water containing eggs of Ascaris.

12. The cell-mediated immunity inside the human body is carried out by:
1. B-lymphocytes
2. Thrombocytes
3. Erythrocytes
4. T-lymphocytes

13.

Which is the particular type of drug that is obtained from the plants whose one flowering branch is shown below?

1.	Hallucinogen	2.	Depressant
3.	Stimulant	4.	Pain-Killer

14.

Motile zygote of Plasmodium occurs in:

1.	Gut of female Anopheles
2.	Salivary glands of Anopheles
3.	Human RBCs
4.	Human liver

15.

Widal test is carried out to test:

1.	Malaria	2.	Diabetes mellitus
3.	HIV/AIDS	4.	typhoid fever

16.

Common cold differs from pneumonia in, that:

1.	Pneumonia is a communicable disease, whereas common cold is a nutritional deficiency disease
2.	Pneumonia can be prevented by a live attenuated bacterial vaccine, whereas the common cold has no effective vaccine
3.	Common cold is caused by a virus, while Pneumonia is caused by a bacterium.
4.	Pneumonia pathogen infects alveoli whereas common cold affects the nose and the respiratory passage but not the lungs

17.

Which one of the following is not a property of cancerous cells, whereas the remaining three are?

1.	They compete with normal cells for vital nutrients
2.	They do not remain confined in the area of formation
3.	They divide in an uncontrolled manner
4.	They show contact inhibition

18.

In which one of the following options the two examples are correctly matched with their particular type of immunity?

	Examples	Type of immunity
(a)	Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes	Cellular barriers
(b)	Anti-tetanus and anti-snake bite injection	Active immunity
(c)	Saliva in mouth and tears in eyes	Physical barriers
(d)	Mucus coating of the epithelium lining the urinogenital tract and HCl in the stomach	Physiological barriers

1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (c)
4. (d)

19.

Cirrhosis of the liver is caused by the chronic intake of:
1. Opium
2. Alcohol
3. Tobacco (chewing)
4. Cocaine

20.

A certain patient, X, is suspected to be suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Which diagnostic technique will you recommend for its detection?

1.	MRI	2.	Ultra Sound
3.	WIDAL	4.	ELISA

21.

At which stage of HIV infection does one usually shows symptoms of AIDS?

1.	When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase.
2.	When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and damages a large number of these.
3.	Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person.
4.	When the infecting retrovirus enters host cells.

22.

Which one of the following acts as a physiological barrier to the entry of microorganisms in a human body?

1. Tears
2. Monocytes
3. Skin
4. Epithelium of urogenital tract

23. Where will you look for the sporozoites of the malarial parasite?

1.	Red blood corpuscles of humans suffering from malaria
2.	Spleen of infected humans
3.	Salivary glands of a freshly moulted female anopheles mosquito
4.	Saliva of an infected female anopheles mosquito

24.

Select the correct statement from the ones given below:

1.	Barbiturates when given to criminals make them tell the truth
2.	Morphine is often given to persons who have undergone surgery as a painkiller
3.	Chewing tobacco lowers blood pressure and heart rate
4.	Cocaine is given to patients after surgery as it stimulates recovery

25.

Ringworm in humans is caused by:

1.	bacteria	2.	fungi
3.	nematodes	4.	viruses

26.

Widal test is used for the diagnosis of:
1. malaria
2. pneumonia
3. tuberculosis
4. typhoid

27.

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to AIDS?

1.	HIV can be transmitted through eating food together with an infected person.
2.	Drug addicts are the least susceptible to HIV infection.
3.	AIDS patients are being fully cured cent per cent with proper care and nutrition.
4.	The causative HIV retrovirus enters helper T-lymphocytes thus reducing their numbers.

28.

Which of the following is a pair of viral diseases?
1. Ringworm, AIDS
2. Common cold, AIDS
3. Dysentery, common cold
4. Typhoid, tuberculosis

29.

Use of anti-histamine and steroids give a quick relief from:

1.	allergy	2.	nausea
3.	cough	4.	headache

30.

A person likely to develop tetanus is immunised by administering:
1. dead germs
2. preformed antibodies
3. wide spectrum antibiotics
4. weakened germs

31.

Which one of the following statements is correct?

1.	Patients, who have undergone surgery are given cannabinoids to relieve pain
2.	Benign tumours show the property of metastasis
3.	Heroin accelerates body functions
4.	Malignant tumours may exhibit metastasis

32.

The letter T, in T- lymphocyte refers to:
1. thyroid
2. thalamus
3. tonsil
4. thymus

33.

Which one of the following is the correct statement regarding the particular psychotropic drug specified?

1.	Hashish causes alter thought perceptions and hallucinations.
2.	Opium stimulates the nervous system and causes hallucinations.
3.	Morphine leads to delusions and disturbed emotions.
4.	Barbiturates cause relaxation and temporary euphoria.

34.

To which type of barriers under innate immunity, do the saliva in the mouth and the tears from the eyes, belong?
1. Cytokine barriers
2. Cellular barriers
3. Physiological barriers
4. Physical barriers

35.

HIV that causes AIDS first starts destroying:
1. B-lymphocytes
2. leucocytes
3. thrombocytes
4. helper T-lymphocytes

36.

Which of the following immune responses is responsible for the rejection of kidney graft?

1.	Cell-mediated immune response
2.	Auto-immune response
3.	Humoral immune response
4.	Inflammatory immune response

37.

Colostrum, the yellowish fluid, secreted by the mother during the initial days of lactation is very essential to impart immunity to newborn infants because it contains:

1.	Immunoglobulin A	2.	Natural killer cells
3.	Monocytes	4.	Macrophages

38.

Identify the correct pair representing the causative agent of typhoid fever and the confirmatory test for typhoid.
1. Salmonella typhi/Widal test
2. Plasmodium vivax/UTI test
3. Streptococcus pneumoniae/Widal test
4. Salmonella typhi/Anthrone test

39.

The drug called 'Heroin' is synthesized by:

1.	nitration of morphine	2.	methylation of morphine
3.	acetylation of morphine	4.	glycosylation of morphine

40.

Coca alkaloid or cocaine is obtained from:

1.	Papaver somniferum	2.	Atropa belladonna
3.	Erythroxylum coca	4.	Datura

41.

The infectious stage of plasmodium that enters the human body is:

1.	Sporozoites	2.	Female gametocytes
3.	Male gametocytes	4.	Trophozoites

42.

Match the following diseases with the causative organism and select the correct option.

	Column-I		Column-II
(a)	Typhoid	(i)	Wuchereria
(b)	Pneumonia	(ii)	Plasmodium
(c)	Filariasis	(iii)	Salmonella
(d)	Malaria	(iv)	Haemophilus

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(iii)	(iv)	(i)	(ii)
2.	(ii)	(i)	(iii)	(iv)
3.	(iv)	(i)	(ii)	(iii)
4.	(i)	(iii)	(ii)	(iv)

43.

Match the following columns and select the correct option:

	Column-I		Column-II
(i)	Typhoid	(a)	Haemophilus influenzae
(ii)	Malaria	(b)	Wuchereria bancrofti
(iii)	Pneumonia	(c)	Plasmodium vivax
(iv)	Filariasis	(d)	Salmonella typhi

Options:	(i)	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)
1.	(d)	(c)	(a)	(b)
2.	(c)	(d)	(b)	(a)
3.	(a)	(c)	(b)	(d)
4.	(a)	(b)	(d)	(c)

44.

The yellowish fluid "colostrum" secreted by mammary glands of the mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant. This type of immunity is called as:

1.	Passive immunity	2.	Active immunity
3.	Acquired immunity	4.	Autoimmunity

45.

Identify the molecules (a) and (b) shown below and select the right option giving their source and use.

(I)
(II)

	Molecule	Source	Use
1.	(II) Heroin	Cannabis sativa	Depressant and slows down body functions
2.	(II) Cannabinoid	Atropa belladonna	Produces hallucination
3.	(I) Morphine	Papaver somniferum	Sedative and painkiller
4.	(I) Cocaine	Erythroxylum coca	Accelerates the transport of dopamine

46.

Which one of the following organisms is scientifically correctly named, correctly printed according to the International Rules of Nomenclature, and correctly described?

1.	Plasmodium falciparum – a protozoan pathogen causing the most serious type of malaria
2.	Felis tigris – The Indian tiger, well protected in Gir forests.
3.	E.Coli – Full name Entamoeba coli, a commonly occurring bacterium in the human intestine
4.	Musca domestica – The common house lizard, a reptile

47.

Read the following four statements (I-IV):

I.	Colostrum is recommended for the newborn because it is rich in antigen
II.	Chikungunya is caused by a Gram-negative bacterium
III.	Tissue culture has proved useful in obtaining virus-free plants
IV.	Beer is manufactured by distillation of fermented grape juice

How many of the above statements are wrong?
1. Three
2. Four
3. One
4. Two

48.

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to immunity?

1.	The antibodies against smallpox pathogens are produced by T-lymphocytes
2.	Antibodies are protein molecules each of which has four light chains
3.	Rejection of a kidney graft is the function of B-lymphocytes
4.	Preformed antibodies need to be injected to treat the bite by a viper snake

49.

A person suffering from a disease caused by Plasmodium, experiences recurring chill and fever at the time when:

1.	the trophozoites reach maximum growth and give out certain toxins.
2.	the parasite after its rapid multiplication inside RBCs ruptures them, releasing the stage to enter fresh RBCs.
3.	the microgametocytes and megagametocytes are being destroyed by the WBCs.
4.	the sporozoites released from RBCs are being rapidly killed and broken down inside the spleen.

50.

Which one of the following options gives the correct matching of a disease with its causative organism and mode of infection:

	Disease	Causative Organisms	Mode of Infection
1.	Malaria	Plasmodium vivax	Bite of male Anopheles mosquito
2.	Typhoid	Salmonella typhi	With inspired air
3.	Pneumonia	Streptococcus pneumonia	Droplet infection
4.	Elephantiasis	Wuchereria bancrofti	With infected water and food

51.

Select the correct statement with respect to disease and immunisation:

1.	Injection of snake antivenom against snake bite is an example of active immunisation.
2.	If due to some reason, B-and T-lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen.
3.	Injection of dead/inactivated pathogens causes passive immunity.
4.	Certain protozoans have been used to mass produce hepatitis B vaccine.

52.

Damage to thymus in a child may lead to:
1. A reduction in haemoglobin content of blood
2. A reduction in stem cell production
3. Loss of antibody-mediated immunity
4. Loss of cell-mediated immunity

53.

Nucleic acid in HIV:
1. ss RNA
2. ds RNA
3. ss DNA
4. ds DNA

54.

Typhoid caused by:
1. Rickettsiae
2. Chlamydia
3. Salmonella typhi
4. Mycobacterium

55.

Histamine is secreted by:

1.	Mast cells	2.	Fibroblast
3.	Histiocytes	4.	Plasma cells

56.

HIV infects:
1. RBC
2. T – helper cells
3. B - cells
4. Basophils

57.

During injury, mast cells secrete:
1. Histamine
2. Heparin
3. Prothrombin
4. Antibodies

58.

What is a vaccine:
1. Treated bacteria, virus & protein
2. Treated algae
3. Treated fungi
4. Treated plasmodium

59.

During viral infection, the protein formed in host cells to resist is:
1. Interferons
2. Antitoxin
3. Antibody
4. Histone

60.

Short-lived immunity acquired from mother to foetus across the placenta or through mother's milk to the infant is categorised as:
1. Active immunity
2. Passive immunity
3. Cellular immunity
4. Innate non-specific immunity

61.

Which fish selectively feed on larvae of mosquitoes?

1.	Gambusia	2.	Rohu
3.	Clarias	4.	Exocoetus

62.

Salmonella is related with:
1. Typhoid
2. Polio
3. T.B.
4. Tetanus

63.

Interferons are synthesized in response to:
1. Mycoplasma
2. Bacteria
3. Viruses
4. Fungi

64.

Match List-I with List-II

	List-I		List-II
(a)	Filariasis	(i)	Haemophilus influenzae
(b)	Amoebiasis	(ii)	Trichophyton
(c)	Pneumonia	(iii)	Wuchereria bancrofti
(d)	Ringworm	(iv)	Entamoeba histolytica

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(i)	(ii)	(iv)	(iii)
2.	(ii)	(iii)	(i)	(iv)
3.	(iv)	(i)	(iii)	(ii)
4.	(iii)	(iv)	(i)	(ii)

65. Given below are two statements:

Statement I:	Autoimmune disorder is a condition where body defense mechanism recognized its own cells as foreign bodies
Statement II:	Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition where body does not attack self cells

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
3. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
4. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

66. Select the incorrect statement with respect to acquired immunity.

1.	Acquired immunity is non-specific type of defense present at the time of birth.
2.	Primary response is produced when our body encounters a pathogen for the first time.
3.	Anamnestic response is elicited on subsequent encounters with the same pathogen.
4.	Anamnestic response is due to memory of first encounter.

67.

Immuno-suppressants are administered to burn patients or during organ transplantation to suppress:
1. Innate immunity
2. Cytokine Storm
3. Humoral immunity
4. Cell-mediated immunity

68.

Give below are two statements :

Statement I:	When an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites, it releases gametocytes of plasmodium into the healthy person.
Statement II:	The female Anopheles mosquito takes up sporozoites of Plasmodium with blood meal from an infected person, suffering from malaria.

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
1. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
2. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
3. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

69. Which of the following reasons is mainly responsible for graft rejection in transplantation of organs?

1.	Inability of recipient to differentiate between 'self and 'non–self' tissues/cells
2.	Humoral immune response only
3.	Auto–immune response
4.	Cell–mediated response

70. Match List-I with List-II:

	List-I		List-II
(a)	Cellular barrier	(i)	Interferons
(b)	Cytokine barrier	(ii)	Mucus
(c)	Physical barrier	(iii)	Neutrophils
(d)	Physiological barrier	(iv)	HCI in gastric juice

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
1.	(ii)	(iii)	(iv)	(i)
2.	(ii)	(iii)	(i)	(iv)
3.	(iii)	(iv)	(ii)	(i)
4.	(iii)	(i)	(ii)	(iv)

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