Consider the following statements regarding the human alimentary canal:
I. Human dentition is thecodont, homodont, and diphyodont
II. The tongue is s freely movable muscular organ attached to the roof of the oral cavity by the frenulum
III. The opening of the stomach into the duodenum is guarded by the cardiac sphincter
The incorrect statements include:
1. None
2. Only I
3. I and III only
4. I, II and III
The structural and functional units of the liver are:
1. The four hepatic lobes containing the hepatic sinusoids lined by kupffer cells
2. The hepatic lobules containing hepatic cells arranged in the form of cords
3. The porta hepatis which carries the common bile duct and common hepatic artery, and the opening for the portal vein.
4. The right and the left lobes separated by the falciform ligament
Bile pigments help in:
1. Emulsification of fats
2. Absorption of the end products of fat digestion
3. Hydrolysis of fats
4. They do not play any role in fat metabolism or digestion
Visceral mesothelium is:
1. a membrane composed of simple cuboidal epithelium
2. the layer that covers the body walls
3. the epithelium component of serosa
4. the innermost lining of the blood vessels derived from embryonic mesoderm
When secreted due to a fatty meal, the hormone cholecystokinin promotes all the following except:
1. contraction of gall bladder
2. increased production of hepatic bile
3. contraction of the sphincter of Oddi
4. stimulation of pancreas
The region of the stomach into which the esophagus opens is called as:
1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Corpus
4. Pylorus
Brunner’s glands are located in the duodenal:
1. Mucosa
2. Sub mucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa
The oral cavity initiates all the following except:
1. Chemical process of digestion
2. Mechanical process of digestion
3. Deglutition
4. Peristalsis
Pancreatic lipase can be activated by:
1. Bile
2. Enterokinase
3. Secretin
4. Enterogastrone
Which of the following is not a function of adult liver
1. Glycogen storage
2. Detoxification
3. Erythropoiesis
4. Synthesis of clotting proteins
The only exopeptidase amongst the following is:
1. Carboxypeptidase
2. Chymotrypsin
3. Trypsin
4. Elastase
Hormonal control of the secretion of digestive juices is carried out by the:
1. Secretion of the hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory factors into a portal vein
2. Synthesis of tropins by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
3. Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system via the vagus nerve
4. Local hormones produced by the gastric and intestinal mucosa
Bile salts combine with fatty acids to form complexes called _____ that facilitate absorption.
1. chylomicrons
2. micelles
3. globules
4. lipoproteins
Defaecation is a/an:
1. voluntary process and is carried out by a mass peristaltic movement
2. involuntary process and is carried out by a mass peristaltic movement
3. voluntary process and is carried out by a haustration movement
4. involuntary process and is carried out by a haustration movement
Marasmus is characterized by all the following except:
1. Inadequate energy intake in all forms including protein
2. Earlier age of onset than kwashiorkor
3. Edema and ascites
4. Muscular wasting and loss of subcutaneous fat
Which part of the human GIT has an innermost oblique muscle layer in its wall?
1. Stomach
2. Duodenum
3. Ileum
4. Rectum
The layer in the wall of the alimentary canal responsible for peristalsis, the basic propulsive movement in the gut, would be:
1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa
The common bile duct is formed by the joining of:
1. Right and left hepatic ducts
2. Common hepatic duct and cystic duct
3. Common hepatic duct and the pancreatic duct
4. Stenson’s duct and Wharton’s duct
Gastric secretions do not include:
1. Pepsinogen
2. HCl
3. Lipase
4. Nuclease
Fructose is absorbed in the small intestine by:
1. Simple diffusion
2. Facilitated diffusion
3. Active transport
4. Active co-transport with sodium
Which digestive organ mechanically and chemically transforms a food bolus into chyme?
1. esophagus
2. stomach
3. small intestine
4. large intestine
From deep to superficial, what are the tunics of the intraperitoneal portions of the GI tract?
1. serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa
2. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa
3. adventitia, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa
4. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia
Which selection includes only accessory digestive organs?
1. salivary glands, thyroid gland, pancreas, liver
2. stomach, duodenum, pancreas, gallbladder
3. gallbladder, liver, pancreas, salivary glands
4. liver, thyroid gland, gallbladder, spleen
Secretin and cholecystokinin are digestive hormones. They are secreted in -
1. Oesophagus
2. Ileum
3. Duodenum
4. Pyloric stomach
Epithelial cells of the intestine involved in food absorption have on their surface -
1. Zymogen granules
2. Pinocytic vesicles
3. Phagocytic vesicles
4. Microvilli
The number of incorrect statements amongst the given statements is:
I. The tongue is attached to the roof of the oral cavity by the frenulum.
II. The structural and functional units of the human liver are the hepatic lobules.
III. Lysozyme present in saliva acts as an antibacterial agent that prevents infection.
IV. Brunner’s glands are located in the submucosa of the duodenum.
V. No significant digestive activity occurs in the large intestine.
1. 1
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and choose your answer from the codes given below:
GI secretion | Secreted by | ||
(a) | Lysozyme | (i) | Upper small intestinal mucosa |
(b) | Rennin | (ii) | Stomach |
(c) | Enterokinase | (iii) | Saliva |
(d) | Nucleases | (iv) | Pancreas |
(a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
1. | (iii) | (i) | (ii) | (iv) |
2. | (iii) | (ii) | (i) | (iv) |
3. | (ii) | (i) | (iii) | (iv) |
4. | (iv) | (ii) | (i) | (iii) |
Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and choose your answer from the codes given below:
Location Partial pressure of oxygen
A. Atmospheric air a. 159 mm Hg
B. Alveoli b. 95 mm Hg
C. Deoxygenated blood c. 104 mm Hg
D. Oxygenated blood d. 40 mmHg
A. B. C. D.
1. a c b d
2. b c a d
3. a b c d
4. a c d b
Common bile duct open into
1. Gall bladder.
2. Duodenum.
3. Hepato-pancreatic duct.
4. Jejunum.
Mucus neck cell is a part of
1. Gastric gland.
2. Intestinal gland.
3. Salivary gland.
4. Both 1 and 2.