In the citric acid cycle:
1. | oxygen is used to oxidise the acetyl group carbons of acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle. |
2. | three molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH2 are produced in one turn. |
3. | oxygen is not used, so the cycle can occur in anaerobic conditions. |
4. | water is formed during the complete oxidation of glucose. |
A ‘temperate’ bacteriophage:
1. undergoes lysogeny
2. remains dormant after integration into host genome
3. does not have the capability to infect a bacterium
4. is unusual as its genetic material is always single stranded RNA
Identify the zwitter ion configuration of alanine:
1. | 2. | ||
3. | 4. |
Parthenocarpy in tomato plants can be induced by:
1. | Auxins | 2. | Gibberellins |
3. | ABA | 4. | Cytokinins |
In woody plants, what functions as a pore providing a pathway for the direct exchange of gases through the bark?
1. | Hydathodes | 2. | Lenticels |
3. | Bulliform cells | 4. | Tyloses |
Consider the two statements:
I: | Human chorionic gonadotropin is frequently used for the final maturation of the oocyte in IVF procedures. |
II: | It is basically a replacement for the luteinizing hormone surge. |
1. | Both I and II are correct and II explains I. |
2. | Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I. |
3. | I is correct but II is incorrect. |
4. | Both I and II are incorrect. |
In vegetative reproduction by grafting:
I. The vascular cambium tissues of the stock and scion plants must be placed in contact with each other
II. The scion contains the desired genes to be duplicated in future production by the stock/scion plant
III. Generally, grafting is performed when the scion is dormant
1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
Identify the incorrect description of an archaebacterial feature:
1. |
Cell membrane |
Ether-linked lipids |
2. |
Cell wall |
Peptidoglycan |
3. |
Cell structure |
Prokaryotic |
4. |
Unique metabolism |
Methanogenesis |
During DNA replication, a short RNA oligonucleotide is synthesized at initiation sites by:
1. | Primase | 2. | DNA Ligase |
3. | DNA Gyrase | 4. | DNA polymerase |
Though all four features shown in the diagram of a generalized chordate appear at some point during development, they are actually named for:
1. | A | 2. | B |
3. | C | 4. | D |
The cross-section shown in the given diagram shows the structure of a:
1. | Monocot stem | 2. | Monocot root |
3. | Dicot root | 4. | Dicot stem |
The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase catalyses:
1. the oxidation of pyruvate to lactate to regenerate NAD+.
2. the reduction of pyruvate to lactate to regenerate NAD+.
3. the reduction of pyruvate to lactate to regenerate NADH.
4. the oxidation of pyruvate to lactate to regenerate NADH.
The micturition reflex is coordinated at the level of:
1. Trygone in bladder wall
2. Sacral spinal cord
3. Pontine micturition center
4. Cerebral cortex
During sexual reproduction, a dikaryophase is most likely seen in the members of:
1. Phycomycetes and Ascomycetes
2. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
3. Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes
4. Phycomycetes and Basidiomycetes
A young child shows stunted growth and mental retardation. You would like to check the levels of:
1. Thyroxin | 2. Somatotropin |
3. Insulin | 4. Melatonin |
Consider the two statements:
I: | Colostrum adds to the immunity of, especially, pre-term infants. |
II: | Colostrum delivers its nutrients in a very concentrated low-volume form. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct but II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Identify the wrongly paired floral character for the plants belonging to Family Liliaceae:
1. |
Flower |
Zygomorphic |
2. |
Perianth |
Tepal six [3 + 3] |
3. |
Androecium |
Epitepalous |
4. |
Placentation |
Axile |
Which of the following is not an example of dehydration synthesis in the structure of a biomolecule?
1. linking of individual monosaccharides in a polysaccharide
2. nitrogenous base pairing in a double stranded DNA helix
3. synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and glycerol
4. formation of the primary structure of a polypeptide
Most carbon dioxide in human blood is transported as:
1. Bicarbonate ions
2. Carbaminohemoglobin
3. Carboxyhemoglobin
4. Dissolved in plasma
In meiosis, DNA replication occurs:
1. Only once before Meiosis I
2. Only once before Meiosis II
3. Twice, once before meiosis I and once during interkinesis
4. Twice, once before meiosis I and once during anaphase I of meiosis I
Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
1. |
Most abundant plasma protein |
Albumin |
2. |
Most abundant agranulocyte in blood |
Neutrophil |
3. |
Most abundant circulating antibody |
IgG |
4. |
Second most abundant formed elements in blood |
Thrombocytes |
When a cell is preparing for mitosis, it is said to be in which phase of the cell cycle?
1. | G1 | 2. | G0 |
3. | S | 4. | G2 |
Identify the correct statement:
1. The left ventricle pumps more blood than the right ventricle in normal physiological conditions
2. The AV valves close during ventricular systole due to attempted backflow of blood into atria
3. Passive filling accounts for about 30% of ventricular filling
4. The second heart sound is associated with closure of mitral and aortic semilunar valves
Consider the two statements:
I: | When the vasectomy is complete the testes stop sperm production. |
II: | Post vasectomy there is a significant drop in testosterone levels. |
1. | Both I and II are correct and II explains I. |
2. | Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I. |
3. | I is correct but II is incorrect. |
4. | Both I and II are incorrect. |
After analysis of results drawn from his experiments with pea plants, Mendel concluded:
1. | There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas. |
2. | Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of "blending." |
3. | Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 than do dominant ones. |
4. | Genes are composed of DNA. |
In the given diagram of structure of a monocotyledonous seed,
1. A represents the fused testa and tegmen
2. B secretes enzymes for hydrolysis of stored nutrients
3. C is the single cotyledon seen in the seed
4. D is the covering of the embryonic root
Consider the two statements:
I. A shorter style is evolutionarily better than long style.
II. All pollen tubes must be able to reach the embryo sac easily to enhance reproductive success.
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct but II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect
A cell secreting large quantities of glycoproteins is expected to be rich in:
I. RER
II. Golgi apparatus
III. SER
1. | Only I | 2. | Both I and II |
3. | Only III | 4. | Both II and III |
Cell-cell junctions are unlikely to be found in:
1. Epithelium
2. Smooth muscle
3. Cardiac muscle
4. Skeletal muscle
Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and select the correct answer from the codes given:
A. |
Pollen exine |
P. |
Cellulose and pectin |
B. |
Pollen intine |
Q. |
Sporopollenin |
C. |
Antipodals |
R. |
Nutrition to the embryo sac |
D. |
Synergids |
S. |
Pollen tube guidance |
A. |
B. |
C. |
D. |
|
1. |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
2. |
Q |
P |
S |
R |
3. |
Q |
P |
R |
S |
4. |
P |
Q |
S |
R |
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis in humans differ in all the following except:
1. The timing of the beginning of the process
2. The number of gametes produced per meiocyte
3. The ploidy of the resultant gametes
4. The amount of cytoplasm in the resultant gametes
A dihybrid test cross leads to a frequency of recombinants of 50% in progeny. The most obvious conclusion will be:
1. | The two genes likely are located on different chromosomes. |
2. | All of the offspring have combinations of traits that match one of the two parents. |
3. | Abnormal meiosis has occurred. |
4. | Independent assortment is hindered. |
The correct statements regarding the type of inflorescence shown in the diagram will include:
I. It is racemose
II. Flowers show acropetal succession
III. The main axis does not show limited growth
1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I and III |
3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II and III |
Identify the pair where a bone is not correctly matched with a structure associated with it:
1. |
Scapula |
Glenoid cavity |
2. |
Coxa |
Acetabulum |
3. |
Occipital bone |
Obturator foramen |
4. |
Breast bone |
Xiphoid process |
Enzymes are biochemical catalysts that:
1. can change the equilibrium position of the reaction it catalyses by lowering the energy of activation of that reaction.
2. can lower the energy of activation of the reaction it catalyses by increasing the molecular collisions between the molecules.
3. lower the free energy difference between substrate(s) and product(s) but it cannot change the equilibrium position of the reaction it catalyses.
4. cannot change the equilibrium position of the reaction it catalyses but it lowers the energy of activation of that reaction.
The morphological feature not found in China rose is:
1. | Alternate phyllotaxy | 2. | Hypogynous flower |
3. | Valvate aestivation of corolla | 4. | Axile placentation |
Consider the two statements:
I. Annual rings in trees show that the xylem elements formed in the autumn are larger than those formed in the spring.
II. The cambium is more active in winter.
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct but II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Brown algae vary in color from olive green to various shades of brown depending upon:
1. the depth at which they are found in the water body
2. the amount of gelatinous coatings on their cell walls
3. the ratio of the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll c present
4. the amount of xanthophyll pigment present in them
In Periplaneta americana, the tegmina arise from the:
1. Head capsule
2. Prothorax
3. Mesothorax
4. Metathorax
Cyclosporin A is used as a/an:
1. | immuno-suppressive agent in organ transplant patients |
2. | clot buster to remove clots from the vessels in heart attack patients |
3. | treatment option in advance for HIV infections |
4. | agent that lowers blood cholesterol levels |
To facilitate absorption of end products of fat digestion, bile salts combine with fatty acids to form complexes called:
1. chylomicrons
2. micelles
3. globules
4. lipoproteins
Potential competitors can co-exist through:
1. | niche differentiation | 2. | contest competition |
3. | interference competition | 4. | scramble competition |
The most likely consequence of deficiency of potassium ions in the guard cells will be:
1. A decrease in photosynthesis
2. Wilting of the leaves
3. An increase in transpiration rate
4. A decrease in food translocation
Consider the two statements:
I: | It is beneficial to have a multiple cloning site (MCS) within the lac Z gene of the plasmid of E.coli. |
II: | This allows the researcher to distinguish between recombinant and non-recombinant vectors if X-gal is added to the medium. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct but II is incorrect.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.
Consuming water contaminated with toxic levels of cadmium can cause:
1. | Methemoglobinemia | Black foot disease | |
3. | Itai – itai | Minamata disease |
Karyotype of somatic interphase cell of a female does not show Barr body. The female may be having:
1. Down’s syndrome
2. Turner’s syndrome
3. Adrenal virilism
4. Some malignancy
Consider the two statements:
I. Biological control by an introduced control can affect biodiversity.
II. An introduced control does not always target only the intended pest species; it can also target native species.
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct but II is incorrect.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.
A highly effective recombinant vaccine is available for the prevention of:
1. | Poliomyelitis | 2. | Covid-19 |
3. | HIV infection | 4. | Hepatitis B |
Near accommodation in the human eye involves:
1. Contraction of ciliary muscles and flattening of the lens
2. Relaxation of ciliary muscles and flattening of the lens
3. Relaxation of ciliary muscles and lens becoming more spherical
4. Contraction of ciliary muscles and lens becoming more spherical
What is common to the list of animals given in the box?
Sycon, Fasciola, Ancylostoma, Pheretima, Periplaneta, Carcharodon, Macropus |
1. | Monoecy | 2. | Internal fertilization |
3. | Oviparity | 4. | Triploblastic organization |
Excess secretion of which of the following hormones in human body can lead to hypertension and a decrease in potassium concentration in plasma?
1. Cortisol | 2. Thyroxin |
3. Aldosterone | 4. ADH |
Unlike amphibians, reptiles:
1. use lungs for breathing
2. are mostly oviparous
3. do not have an aquatic larval stage
4. have tympanum that represents the ear
The olfactory bulb in the human brain:
1. is an extension of the limbic system
2. is a part of the olfactory membrane
3. forms an important part of the mesencephalon
4. is located near the Wernicke’s area in the temporal cortex
In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew was introduced by:
1. | Agrobacterium mediation | 2. | Somatic hybridization |
3. | Micropropagation | 4. | Mutation breeding |
Which of the following terms is not correctly defined?
1. |
Protonema |
Juvenile sporophyte of the life cycle of mosses |
2. |
Prothallus |
Gametophyte stage in the life of a fern or other pteridophyte |
3. |
Archegonium |
The female sex organ in mosses, liverworts, ferns, and most conifers |
4. |
Strobilus |
Sporangia-bearing structure densely aggregated along a stem |
All the following can be seen in a typical plant cell except:
1. | Lysosomes | 2. | Glyoxysomes |
3. | Centrosomes | 4. | Chromosomes |
The tensile strength of fluid column within a tracheary element is:
1. directly proportional to its diameter
2. inversely proportional to its diameter
3. directly proportional to its length
4. has no relation to the diameter and the length of the tracheary element
The correct chronological order of the steps of translation of a prokaryotic mRNA will be:
I: | attachment of the initiator tRNA onto the start codon |
II: | binding of the mRNA to small ribosome subunit of a ribosome |
III: | attachment of the large ribosome subunit to the mRNA |
IV: | translocation of the ribosome to move a new codon to be in the A site |
V: | entry of a charged tRNA into the A site |
1. | I | II | V | III | IV |
2. | II | I | III | V | IV |
3. | I | II | III | V | IV |
4. | II | I | IV | III | V |
High species richness in the tropics can be explained by the following except:
1. | High productivity allows for high structural complexity and more niches |
2. | Greater vertical stratification allows for more niches |
3. | Abundant soil nutrients promote long food chains |
4. | A period without significant change reduces the extinction rate |
Convergent evolution creates:
1. analogous structures
2. homologous structures
3. vestigial structures
4. new structures
Bacteria can protect themselves from getting infected by bacteriophages as they synthesize:
1. Methylase
2. Ligases
3. Plasmids
4. Endonucleases
If there was no green house effect:
1. | Earth would have been too cold for many organisms to survive |
2. | The diversity on Earth would have been much higher |
3. | The primary productivity would have been much higher |
4. | Earth would not have any atmosphere |
Sterility is likely if the semen analysis shows:
I: | A sperm count of 50 million/ml |
II: | Morphological abnormalities in 50% of the sperms |
III: | Lack of vigorous motility in 70% of the sperms |
1. | Only III | 2. | Only II and III |
3. | Only II | 4. | Only I |
Consider the two statements:
I. Elevated atmospheric CO2 increases the instantaneous rate of photosynthesis in C3 plants.
II. Current availability of atmospheric CO2 level is limiting to the C3 plants.
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I
3. I is correct but II is incorrect
4. Both I and II are incorrect
The direct source of energy for muscle contraction is:
1. ATP
2. Creatine phosphokinase
3. Oxidative phosphorylation of glucose
4. Reduction of pyruvate to lactate
To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must:
1. | cover a major portion of the land area in the region |
2. | have a high number of endemic species with a high threat of extinction |
3. | be located in a biodiversity-rich but biotechnology-poor developing nations |
4. | have a high level of industrialization that threatens the ecosystem |
You want to study the effects of a virus on a certain plant. The plant part you should not use is:
1. | pith | 2. | shoot apex |
3. | phloem | 4. | cortex |
The growth rate of a natural population exhibiting sigmoid curve is zero when:
1. when N/K is exactly one
2. when N nears the carrying capacity of the habitat
3. when N/K equals zero
4. when mortality is greater than natality
In a family, father and son express a sex-linked recessive trait. The mother is phenotypically normal. What is the probability that she might be a carrier for the trait?
1. | 0 | 2. | 0.25 |
3. | 0.5 | 4. | 1.0 |
The fluidity of the cell membrane:
1. increases when there is a high proportion of trans unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid molecules that make up the bilayer.
2. decreases when there is a high proportion of cis unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid molecules that make up the bilayer.
3. increases when there is a high proportion of cis unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid molecules that make up the bilayer.
4. increases when there is a high proportion of saturated fatty acids in the phospholipid molecules that make up the bilayer.
Populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions. This is:
1. | Allen’s rule | 2. | Hesse’s rule |
3. | Allee effect | 4. | Bergman’s rule |
The presence of which of the following in urine is considered as ‘normal’?
1. Sodium ions | 2. Protein |
3. Glucose | 4. RBC |
Agrobacterium tumefaciens can be an effective vector for delivering genes of interest into the cells of:
1. | wheat | 2. | soybean |
3. | rice | 4. | barley |
The first recombinant therapeutic product approved for human use is:
1. | streptokinase | 2. | tPA |
3. | insulin | 4. | penicillin |
The mRNA codon for which there will be no cognate-charged tRNA molecule is:
1. | UAA | 2. | UGG |
3. | AUG | 4. | UAC |
What is common to the diseases given in the box?
Type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, Multiple sclerosis, Psoriasis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Myasthenia gravis, and Systemic lupus erythematosus |
1. | They are congenital diseases |
2. | They are caused by multiple mutational events |
3. | They result from the loss of capability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self |
4. | They are completely curable |
Which of the following is not a correctly matched organism with its trophic level in an ecosystem?
1. | fungus | – | detritivore |
2. | grasshopper | – | primary consumer |
3. | zooplankton | – | primary producer |
4. | eagle | – | tertiary consumer |
Widal test is a clinical test used in the diagnosis of:
1. | Syphilis | 2. | Acariasis |
3. | Diphtheria | 4. | Typhoid |
Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
|
Nutrient element |
Function in plants |
1. |
Magnesium |
Maintenance of ribosome structure |
2. |
Sulfur |
Constituent of ferrodoxin |
3. |
Zinc |
Synthesis of gibberellins |
4. |
Boron |
Pollen germination |
The growth of pollen tubes in angiosperms is an example of:
1. | Tactic movement | 2. | Nastic movement |
3. | Autonomous movement | 4. | Tropic movement |
What would be true for cyclic photophosphorylation in photosynthetic plants?
1. It utilizes excess ATP.
2. It reduces NADP+ to NADPH.
3. It occurs in the cytochrome of the complex and utilizes electrons from photosystem I.
4. It utilizes electrons from photosystem II.
Which of the following drugs exerts its effects due to inhibition of selective re-uptake of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin?
1. | Cocaine | 2. | Cannabinoids |
3. | Opioids | 4. | Nicotine |
The first organism whose genome was sequenced was:
1. | Haemophilus influenzae. | 2. | Escherichia coli. |
3. | Arabidopsis thaliana. | 4. | Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
A proteolytic enzyme not secreted by the human exocrine pancreas is:
1. Trypsin
2. Carboxypeptidase
3. Aminopeptidase
4. Chymotrypsin
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is itself least likely to be influenced by:
1. | nonrandom mating. | 2. | migration. |
3. | mutation | 4. | genetic drift |
ATP [adenosine tri phosphate]:
I. resembles an RNA nucleotide in structure
II. has two high energy bonds
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
Biochemical evidence for evolution assumes that the more recently two species shared a common ancestor, the more alike their:
I: | stained chromosome bands. |
II: | DNA sequences. |
III: | protein sequences. |
1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I and III |
3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II, and III |
Unlike terrestrial ecosystems, the majority of primary production in the ocean is:
1. | not dependent on the Sun as the source of energy |
2. | performed by phytoplankton |
3. | not limited by the availability of nitrogen |
4. | not important from a global perspective |
Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
|
Mendelian disorder |
Gene present on chromosome |
1. |
Sickle cell anemia |
11 |
2. |
Phenylketonuria |
12 |
3. |
Cystic fibrosis |
6 |
4. |
Huntington’s disease |
4 |
Before the placenta takes over, what structure secretes large amounts of progesterone to support pregnancy?
1. | Corpus Albicans | 2. | Graafian follicle |
3. | Chorion | 4. | Corpus luteum |