The ‘niche’ of a species is meant for
1. Habitat and specific functions of a species
2. Specific place where an organism lives
3. Specific species function and its competitive
power
4. Both (1) and (3)
Two opposite forces operate in the growth and
development of every population. One of them is
related to the ability to reproduce at a given rate.
The force opposite to it is called
1. Fecundity
2. Environmental resistance
3. Biotic control
4. Mortality
The formula for exponential population growth is
1. dN/dt = rN
2. dt/dN = rN
3. dN/rN = dt
4. rN/dN = dt
Certain characteristic demographic features of
developing countries are
1. High fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate,
rapid population growth and a very young age
distribution
2. High fertility, high density, rapidly rising mortality
rate and a very young age distribution
3. High infant mortality, low fertility, uneven
population growth a very young age distribution
4. High mortality, high density, uneven population
growth and a very old age distribution
Geometric representation of age structure is a
characteristic of
1. Population
2. Landscape
3. Ecosystem
4. Biotic community
The population of an insect species shows an
explosive increase in numbers during rainy season
followed by an eruptive fall at the end of the season.
What does this show?
1. The food plants mature and die at the end of the
rainly season
2. Its population growth curve is of J-type
3. The population of its predators increases
enormously
4. S-shaped or sigmoid growth of this insect
Which type of association is found in between
entomophilous flower and pollinating agent?
1. Amensalism
2. Commensalism
3. Cooperation
4. Co-evolution
Unrestricted reproductive capacity in a population is
called as
1. Biotic potential
2. Fertility
3. Carrying capacity
4. Birth rate
In bacteria, fungi and lower plants, various kind of
thick walled spores, are formed which help them to
survive under unfavourable conditions, and these can
be categorized as
1. Migrate
2. Suspend
3. Regulate
4. Conform
Niche overlap indicates
1. Mutualism between two species
2. Active cooperation between two species
3. Two different parasites on the same host
4. Sharing of one of more resources between the
two species
Which one of the following is one of the
characteristics of a biological community?
1. Sex-ratio
2. Stratification
3. Natality
4. Mortality
Study the four statement (1-4) given below and
select the two correct ones out of them
(1) A lion eating a deer and sparrow feeding on grain
are ecologically similar in being consumers
(2) Predator star fish Pisaster helps in maintaining
species diversity of some invertebrates
(3) Predators ultimately lead to the extinction of
prey species
(4) Production of chemicals such as nicotine,
strychnine by the plants are metabolic disorders
The two correct statements are
1. (1) and (2)
2. (2) and (3)
3. (3) and (4)
4. (1) and (4)
Which one of the following is most appropriately
defined?
1. Host is an organism which provides food to
another organism
2. Amensalism is a relationship in which one
species is benefited whereas the otheris
unaffected
3. Predator is an organism that cataches and kills
other organism for food
4. Parasite is an organism that catches and kills
other organism for food
Change in population size equation with prolonged
exponential phase can be converted into logistic
growth equation by multiplying it with
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ecological relationship in which one individual is
benefited and another one neither benefited nor
harmed is called is
1. Ammensalism
2. Commensalism
3. Protoco-operation
4. Mutualism
Ecophenes of habitat forms are also called as
1. Ecads
2. Ecotypes
3. Ecospecies
4. Ecotones
Theoretical birth rate under ideal conditions of
environment is called as
1. Ecological natality
2. Realised natality
3. Burst size
4. Reproductive potentia
Organisms occupying similar ecological niche but
different geographical areas of distribution are called
as
1. Edge species
2. Ecological equivalents
3. Ecoclines
4. Inquilines
Population evolve to maximize their reproductive
fitness also called Darwinian fitness with
1. High r value
2. Low r value
3. High K value
4. High value
Altitude sickness is managed by the body by
1. Decreasing RBC production
2. Increasing fat oxidation
3. Decreasing binding capacity of hemoglobin
4. Decreasing breathing rate
Desert lizards deal with the high and low temperature
of their habitat by
1. Physiological means
2. Behavioural means
3. Suspending their activities
4. Migrating
Select incorrect statement
1. Organisms living in oceans, lakes and rivers do
not face any water related problems
2. Productivity and distribution of plants is
dependent on water
3. The levels of thermal tolerance of different
species determine to a large extent their
geographical distribution
4. Foraging, reproductive and migratory activities of
some animals are dependent on seasonal
variation in light
Select incorrect statement regarding different
population attributes
1. Natural selection operates at population level
2. Size of the population tells a lot about its status
in the habitat
3. In age pyramids age distribution of male and
(15)
females are shown in separates diagrams
4. Population is a group of individuals multiplying by
sexual and asexual reproduction
Predation, parasitism and commensalisms share a
common characteristic i.e.,
1. Both the interacting species are benefited
2. Interacting species live closely together
3. One of the species is benefited while other is
harmed
4. Both the species belong to same taxonomic
group
Salt concentration for inland water measured as
parts per thousand is
1. 5%
2. 30-35%
3. 100%
4. > 100%
Which of the following is incorrect with respect to competition?
1. Resources need not be limiting for competition
to occur
2. Competitive species may evolve mechanism that
promote their co-existance
3. connel’s field experiment is an example of
competitive release
4. Only closely related species can show
compeitition
How many key environmental elements lead to so
much variation in the physical and chemical
conditions of different habitats. Amongst these which
is the most ecologically relevant factor?
1. Three, water
2. Four, Temperature
3. Four, Water
4. Three, Temperature
The salt concentration (measured as salinity in parts
per thousand) in sea water as
1. 30–35%
2. < 5%
3. 5 – 10%
4. > 100%
Desert Lizard show ______ means to maintain body
_______.
1. Physiological, temperature
2. Behavioural, osmolarity
3. Behavioural, temperature
4. Physiological, osmolarity
Which of the following factor will contribute more
significantly to population growth in a new habitat
being colonized?
1. Natality
2. Mortality
3. Immigration
4. Emigration
A given habitat has enough resources to support a
maximum possible number, beyond which no further
growth is possible, this limit is _______ and
represented as ________.
1. Intrinsic rate of natural increase, r
2. Biotic potential, r
3. Carrying capacity, K
4. Environmental resistance,
A field experiment performed at American Pacific
Coast involving removal of starfish explains the
significance of
1. Mutualism
2. Competition
3. Predation
4. Parasitism
The feeding efficiency of one species might be
reduced due to the inhibitory presence of the other
species even if resources are abundant. This
explains
1. Competitive exclusion
2. Interference competition
3. Competitive release
4. Resource partitioning
Immigration is different from emigration in
1. Having outward movement of individuals
2. Decreasing the size of population
3. Increasing the size of population
4. Survival with better food and shelter conditions
Predators are different from parasites as
1. They feeds on living host
2. They have poor means of dispersal
3. They have high biotic potential
4. They help to maintain species diversity
Choose odd one with respect to population interactions
1. Cattle egret and Cattle
2. Orchid and Mango
3. Sea anemone and Clown fish
4. Sea anemone and Hermit crab
Parasites evolvd special adaptations in accordance
with their life styles choose odd one out with respect to these
adaptations
1. High reproductive capacity
2. Simple life cycle and complex morphological,
anatomical features
3. Loss of unnecessary sense organs
4. Loss of digestive system
Which of the following is very important parameter
chosen for assessing impacts of any biotic or abiotic
factor on population growth?
1. Carrying capacity
2. Environmental resistance
3. Intrinsic rate of natural increase
4. More than one option is correct
Dormant stage in the development of an organism
which can occur both in summer and winter season
is ______ and shown by _______.
1. Hibernation, animals only
2. Diapause, Zooplanktons
3. Aestivation, Ectotherms
4. Diapause, plants only
How many basic processes control the population
density in a given habitat during a given time and
amongst these mention the two important factors
controlling population density under normal
conditions respectively.
1. Four I, B
2. Three, B, D
3. Four, B, D
4. Three, I B
Ecology is basically concerned with ________ levels
of biological organizations
1. two
2. three
3. four
4. one
Warm, blooded animals living in colder areas have
shorter extremities than the animals of warmer areas
is explained by
1. Allen’s rule
2. Bergman’s rule
3. Gloger’s rule
4. Rensche’s rule
Negative growth is represented by which of the
following age pyramid graph?
1. Urn shape
2. Bell shape
3. Triangular shape
4. Both (1) and (2)
The relationship between oxpecker and rhinoceros is
1. +, –
2. +, +
3. 0, –
4. 0, +
Verhulst – Pearl logistic population growth is
represented by
1.
2.
3.
4.