Human Health and Disease- Pre Video Test

1.

Identify the correct statement regarding typhoid fever in human beings:
1. It is caused by a pathogenic protozoan Salmonella typhi
2. The pathogen remains confined to the small intestine
3. Widal test can confirm the infection very early in the disease
4. Intestinal perforation and death may occur in severe cases

2.

A common cause of pneumonia in humans is:

1. Streptococcus pyogenes
2. Haemophilus influenzae
3. Staphylococcus aureus
4. Rotavirus

3.

Aedesaegypti is not a vector for:

1.	Dengue
2.	Chickengunya
3.	Japanese encephalitis
4.	Yellow fever

4.

The cannabinoids receptors are principally located in the central nervous system. The other location where they are present is:

1.	Heart	2.	Spleen
3.	Kidney	4.	Thyroid

5.

Which of the following is not a documented effect of alcoholism?

1.	intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus if the pregnant female consumes alcohol.
2.	cirrhosis of the liver secondary to fatty deposition in the liver.
3.	an increase in the secretion of ADH by the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus.
4.	gastritis and pancreatitis.

6.

Philadelphia chromosome is associated with:
1. Retinoblastoma
2. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
3. Xerodermapigmentosum
4. Kaposi’s sarcoma

7.

Plants do not have cancers as:

1.	they do not have circulation
2.	they have highly developed immunity against them
3.	the plant cells have cell walls
4.	they already have meristems at their tips

8.

HIV selectively infects and destroys:

1.	CD4 T Lymphocytes
2.	CD8 T Lymphocytes
3.	T-Suppressor cells
4.	B-Lymphocytes

9.

The most common opportunistic infection associated with AIDS is:

1. Tuberculosis
2. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
3. Cryptococcal meningitis
4. Toxoplasma encephalitis

10.

The granulocytes that are actively phagocytic and the most numerous of the leukocytes circulating in the blood are the:

1.	neutrophils	2.	basophils
3.	eosinophils	4.	monocytes

11.

All of the following are true regarding inflammation except:

1.	The same sequence of events occurs in response to any injury, whether it be a burn, an infection, or trauma.
2.	The signs of inflammation are pain, redness, swelling, heat, and possibly loss of function.
3.	Cytokines, histamine, complement, and other chemical mediators are released.
4.	Monocytes are the first cells to arrive from the bloodstream at the site of inflammation.

12.

IgM:

1.	has five antigen-binding sites.
2.	has the ability to cross the placenta.
3.	attaches to mast cells and basophils.
4.	has five constant regions.

13.

Many physicians prefer mother's milk over cow's milk for infants. This is because mother's milk has the following property not found in cow's milk.

1.	Antibodies against human disease
2.	Proteins for growing human muscle
3.	More essential amino acids
4.	MHCs for maturing the infant's immune system

14.

A plasma cell is a _____ cell that produces ______.

1.	T, cytokines.
2.	cytotoxic T, cell-killing.
3.	macrophage, antigens.
4.	B, antibodies.

15.

Opsonization :

1.	is the killing of target cells by cytotoxic T cells.
2.	is the secretory component of IgA.
3.	helps increase phagocytosis.
4.	is the interaction that allows IgG to cross the placenta.

16.

The epitope is the part of the :

1.	antibody that binds to the antigen.
2.	antibody that binds to the T helper cell.
3.	antigen that is bound by the antibody.
4.	hypervariable region of the antibody.

17.

What type of immunity is induced by the hepatitis B vaccine?
1. naturally acquired active immunity.
2. naturally acquired passive immunity.
3. artificially acquired active immunity.
4. artificially acquired passive immunity.

18.

Besides helper T cells, what are two other types of cells that HIV infects?

1.	macrophages and brain cells
2.	B cells and liver cells
3.	plasma cells and neutrophils
4.	cytotoxic T cells and brain cells

19.

When searching for a donor for an organ transplant, doctors try to match the __________ of the donor and recipient as closely as possible.

1.	antibodies	2.	blood type
3.	MHC proteins	4.	Leukocytes

20.

In a series of immune system experiments, the thymus glands were removed from baby mice. Which of the following would you predict as a likely result?

1.	The mice suffered from numerous allergies.
2.	The mice never developed cancerous tumors.
3.	The mice suffered from autoimmune diseases.
4.	The mice readily accepted tissue transplants.

21.

The antigen-binding sites of an antibody molecule are formed from the molecule's variable regions. Why are these regions described as variable?

1.	They can change their shapes to fit different antigens.
2.	They change their shapes when they bind to an antigen.
3.	Their specific shapes are unimportant.
4.	The amino acid sequences of these regions vary widely among antibodies from different B cells.

22.

Chemicals produced by virus-infected cells that alert neighboring cells to prepare a defense are called:

(1) antibodies
(2) interferons
(3) cytokines
(4) antigens

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