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Consider the following two statements:
1. In single-celled organisms, we are not very clear about the usage of the two terms -
   growth and reproduction.
II. When it comes to unicellular organisms like bacteria, unicellular algae or Amoeba,
     reproduction is synonymous with growth,
       i.e., increase in number of cells.
(1) Both I and II are true and II explains I
(2) Both I and II are true but II does not explain I
(3) I is true but II is false
(4) Both I and II are false

The most obvious  complicated feature of all living organisms is:
(1) The ability to sense their surroundings oenvironment and respond to these                   environmental stimuli.
(2) Reproduction - sexual or asexual - for production of progeny of own kind.
(3) The ability to growth in size due to cell division.
(4) Presence of complex organs systems such as digestive and nervous system.

Identify the incorrect statement:
(1) Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. They are Latinised or
   derived from Latin irrespective of their origin.
(2) The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second                    component denotes the specific epithet.
(3) Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are separately underlined,        or printed in italics to indicate their vernacular origin.
(4) The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific              epithet starts with a small letter.

What is meant by the "species problem"?
(1) The exact definition of species is still controversial.
(2) The exact mechanism of speciation is not known.
(3) The number of species present is much more than identified species.
(4) The extinction of species is taking place at an alarming rate.

Which of the following taxonomic categories are correctly matched to their standard termination of names with respect to biological classification of plants?
I. Phylum:             - phyta 
II. Class:               -opsida
III, Order:             -ales
IV. Family:             -idea
1. I, II, IV
2. I, II, III
3. II, III, IV
4. I, II, III, IV

The Indian Botanical Garden and the National Botanical Research Institute are located
respectively at:
(1) Pune and Howrah
(2) Howrah and Lucknow
(3) Darjeeling and Lucknow
(4) Shimla and Dehradun

Consider the following regarding the reasons for the fact that now Cyanobacteria are   kept in Monera and not in Plantae
1. They are prokaryotes.
II. The cell wall of cyanobacteria has peptidoglycan.
III. They can fix atmospheric nitrogen
The correct explanations would be:
(1) I and II only.
(2) I and III only
(3) II and III only
(4) I, II and III

Which of the following are valid pointers to the demerits of the two kingdom classification proposed by Linnaeus?
1. Euglena has features both of plants and animals.
II. Chlamydomanas is autotrophic but has flagella.
III. Slime molds resemble animals in one phase of their life cycle and plants in the
     other phase.
(1) I and II only
(2) I and II  and III only
(3) II and III only
(4) I, II AND III

Match Column I with Column II and choose your answer from the codes given:

                  I               II            III
1.               1               2             3
2.               3               2             1
3.               3               2             1
4.               1               3             2

Identify the incorrect statement regarding bacteria:
1. Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms.
2. Bacteria also live in extreme habitats where very few other life forms can survive.
3. Bacteria as a group show the most extensive metabolic diversity.
4. They are obligate intracellular parasites.

Consider the following statements regarding characters of Archaebacteria that they share with eukaryotes:
I. The cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan.
II. DNA associated with histones.
III. Translation initiated with formylated methionine.
I. RNA polymerase similar to eukaryotic RNA polymerase
II. ATPase similarity
III. Similar DNA replication and repair
How many of the above characters do Archaebacteria share with eukaryotes?
1. 3
2. 4
3. 5 
4. 6

Identify the incorrect statement regarding true bacteria?
1. As a group, they exhibit maximum metabolic diversity
2. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria play a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, iron and sulphur.
3. Heterotrophic bacteria are the most abundant in nature.
4. Bacteria reproduce mainly by fission but sometimes under favorable conditions, they produce spores.

Consider the following statements regarding Mycoplasma: 
I. They are a genus of bacteria that have a unique cell wall of their own.
II. In their genetic code UGA codes for tryptophan.
III. None of them is pathogenic to humans. IV. They have a large genome.
V. They can be killed by penicillin.
VI. They can survive without oxygen
The number of correct statements is:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Diatoms have left behind a large amount of cell wall deposits in their habitat because
1. They are most abundant in that habitat
2. Their life span is long
3. Their wall is indestructible
4. The statement is not true. 

Dinoflagellates:
I. Are mostly marine and photosynthetic.
II. Have a cell wall that has stiff cellulose plates on the outer surface.
III. Have two flagella
IV. Have chloroplasts bound by three membranes
The correct statements are:
1. I, II, and III
2. I, III, and IV
3. II, III, and IV
4. I, II, III, and IV 

Saprophytic protists are:
(1) Slime moulds
(2) Dinoflagellates
(3) Chrysophytes
(4) Protozoans

Consider the following characters:
I. Heterotroph organisms
II. A dikaryon stage
III. Cell wall made of chitin
IV. Undergo nuclear mitosis
Which of the above relates to fungi?
1. I, II and III
2. I, III and IV
3. II, III and IV
4. I, II, III and IV 

Which of the following is not an edible mushroom?
1. Agaricus bispora
2. Pleurotus ostreatus
3. Lentinula edodes
4. Amantia phalloides 

What is not true for Mycorrhizae?
I. Nearly 30 % of vascular plants have this symbiotic relationship with fungi.
II. The fungus primarily makes nitrogen available to plants.
III. Fungi get organic carbon from plants.
1. I alone
2. I and II only
3. Il and III only
4. I, II, and III 

 Identify the group of fungi that are not correctly matched with all the characters given:
1. Phycomycetes: Mycelium - aseptate and coenocytic / Asexual reproduction by motile zoospores or by nonmotile aplanospores / spores endogenously produced in the sporangium
2. Ascomycetes: Mycelium - unbranched and septate / Asexual spores are conidia / Conidia produced endogenously on conidiophores.
3. Basidiomycetes: Mycelium-branched and septate / Asexual spores are generally not found.
4. Deuteromycetes: Only the asexual or vegetative phases of these fungi are known.

Match the names of the scientists with contributions and choose your answer from the codes given below:
Scientist Contribution
I. Beijerinck             1. Gave the name 'virus
II. Luc Montagnier   2. Gave the term 'contagion vivum fluidum'
III. Pasteur               3. Discovered bacteriophages
IV. Twort                 4. Crystallized TMV
V. Stanley               5. Isolated HIV
Codes 
    I II III IV V
(1) 2 5 1 3 4
(2) 2 3 1 5 4
(3) 4 5 1 3 2
(4) 4 3 1 5 2

Match each term with its definition and choose your answer from the codes given:
I. Isogamy          1. The union of two gametes
II. Syngamy        2. Two gametes, one larger than the other
III. Heterogamy  3. Two kinds of gametes, one motite and other non-motile
IV. Anisogamy     4. Two kinds of morphologically distinct gametes Oogamy
                          5. Both gametes are morphologically indistinguishable.
Codes: 
     I II III IV V
1.  1 2  3  4  5
2.  4 1 2  3  5
3.  5 1 2  4  3
4.  3 1 2  4  5

What is not true for red algae?
1. Lack of centriole and flagella
2. Accessory pigments include phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, and allophycocyanin They reproduce using the alternation of
3. generation
4. The stored food is floridean starch very similar to cellulose

Identify the incorrect statement regarding green algae?
1. They contain chl a, chl b as well as carotenoids.
2. The chloroplasts may be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral, or ribbon-shaped in different species.
3. Most members have one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids located outside the chloroplasts.
4. They usually have a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose. 

Consider the following statements regarding brown algae:
I. The pigments are chla, cand xanthophylls, fucoxanthin
II. Storage food is laminarin and mannitol
III. The cellulosic cell wall is covered with algin
IV. They have a centrally located vacuole
V. Their photosynthetic organs are called fronds -leaf-like structures VI. They have pear-shaped biflagellate zoospores
VII. They have two unequal laterally attached flagella.
The number of correct statements is:
1. 5
2. 6
3. 7
4. 4

Consider the following adaptations seen in plants:
I. Lack of cuticle
II. Presence of stomata for exchange of gases
III. Evolution of leaf
IV. Dominance of sporophyte
V. Structural support of vascular tissue Which of the above adaptations would be required in a plant if it has to be successfully adapted to life on land?
1. All but I
2. All but I and III
3. I, II, III, and IV
4. All 

Identify the incorrect statement regarding mosses:
1. Leaves are one cell thick except at the midrib and lack stomata
2. The first gametophyte stage is protonema that is creeping and green
3. The second stage is the leafy stage, which develops from the secondary protonema as a lateral bud.
4. Rhizoids are elongated and unicellular.

Consider the following statements regarding bryophytes:
I. Bryophytes are also called amphibians of the plant kingdom because they are dependent on water for sexual reproduction. They play an important role in plant
II. succession aquatic ecosystems.
III. They lack true roots, stems, or leaves.
IV. The sex organs in bryophytes are multicellular.
V. They produce biflagellate zoospores.
VI. Archegonium is flask-shaped and produces a single egg.
The number of correct statements is:
1. 3
2. 4
3. 5
4. 6 

Evolutionarily, the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues are:
1. Bryophytes
2. Pteridophytes
3. Cycads
4. Gnetales

Which of the following statements regarding gymnosperms is correct?
I. Ovules are naked - not enclosed by any ovary wall before fertilization but seeds that develop after fertilization are covered.
II. In all living Gymnosperms, the sporophyte is dominant over the gametophyte.
III. They are heterosporous.
IV. The male and female gametophytes do not have an independent existence.
1. I, II, and III
2. I, III, and IV 
3. II, III, and IV
4. I, II, III and IV

The type aestivation of calyx in members of Fabaceae is:
1. Imbricate
2. Vexillary
3. Twisted
4. Valvate 

In marginal placentation, the placenta forms a ridge along the
1. ventral suture of the ovary
2. Dorsal suture of the ovary
3. Anterior suture of the ovary
4. Posterior suture of the ovary 

The given floral diagram cannot be of: 

1. Asparagus
2. Aloe
3. Sesbania
4. Gloriosa

A lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots are found in:
1. Chrysanthemum
2. Pistia
3. Jasmine
4. Pineapple 

Pneumatophores are seen in:
1. Rhizophora
2. Banyan tree
3. Carrot
4. Turnip 

Stem tendrils are not seen in:
(1) Grapevine
(2) Watermelon
(3) Citrus
(4) Cucumber 

When a shoot tip transforms into a flower,
1. It is always solitary
2. The flower is always short lived
3. It is never solitary
4. The flower is always long-lived

Identify the correct statement regarding collenchymas in plants:
(1) They occur in layers below the epidermis of monocotyledonous plants.
(2) Cells are much thickened at the corners due to the deposition of lignin.
(3) Collenchymatous cells do not contain chloroplasts.
(4) They provide mechanical strength to the growing parts of the plant.

What is the number of correct statements amongst the following regarding phloem tissue of plants?
I. Gymnosperms lack albuminous cells and sieve cells.
II. The companion cells are specialized parenchymatous cells.
III. Phloem parenchyma is absent in most of the monocotyledons.
IV. Phloem fibers are generally absent in the primary phloem.
(1) 0
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4

In dicot roots, the initiation of the lateral roots and the vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in:
1. Pericycle
2. Endodermis
3. Conjunctive tissue
4. Epidermis 

In the dicot stem, the vascular bundle is:
1. Conjoint, open, and with exarch protoxylem.
2. Conjoint, open, and with each protoxylem.
3. Conjoint and closed.
4. Scattered, each surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath.

Bulliform cells:
1. Are found in dorsiventral leaves and help in photosynthesis.
2. Are found in dorsiventral leaves and help in minimizing water loss.
3. Are found in isobilateral leaves and help in minimizing water loss.
4. Are found in isobilateral leaves and help in photosynthesis.

During secondary growth in the stem:
1. The amount of secondary xylem produced is more than the secondary phloem as the cambium is generally more active on the inner side than the outer.
2. the amount of secondary phloem produced is more than the secondary xylem as the cambium is generally more active on the inner side than the outer.
3. the amount of secondary xylem produced is more than the secondary phloem as the cambium is generally more active on the outer side than the inner.
4. the amount of secondary phloem produced is more than the secondary xylem as the cambium is generally more active on the outer side than the inner.

Periderm consists of:
1. Only cork cambium and cork.
2. Only cork cambium and secondary cortex.
3. Only cork and secondary cortex.
4. Cork cambium, cork, and secondary cortex.