Bio Test - 20 April Youtube LiveContact Number: 8527521718Bio Test - 20 April Youtube LiveContact Number: 8527521718Organisms categorized as osmoconformers are most likely
1. found in fresh water lakes and streams.
2. marine.
3. amphibious.
4. found in terrestrial environments with adequate moisture.
The advantage of excreting wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that
1. urea can be exchanged for Na+
2. urea is less toxic than ammonia.
3. urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia.
4. urea does not affect the osmolar gradient.
Which of the following statements about the urinary system is INCORRECT?
1. It produces erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell formation.
2. It carries out the majority of gluconeogenesis in the body.
3. It metabolizes vitamin D to its active form.
4. It produces renin, which helps regulate blood pressure.
Which of the following are not found in the glomerular filtrate?
1. glucose
2. protein
3 . uric acid
4. creatinine
Net filtration pressure can be measured as:
1. the difference between the net hydrostatic pressure and the blood colloid osmotic pressure
2. the addition of the blood colloid osmotic pressure and the interstitial colloid osmotic pressure
3. the difference between the blood pressure and the glomerular filtration rate
4. None of the listed responses is correct.
Processing of filtrate in the proximal and distal tubules accomplishes what important function?
1. sorting plasma proteins according to size
2. converting toxic ammonia to less toxic urea
3. maintaining a constant pH in body fluids
4. reabsorbing urea to maintain osmotic e
The function of the countercurrent multiplier is to:
1. increase the concentration of NaCl
2. decrease the concentration of NaCl
3. change the blood levels of potassium
4. conserve potassium
How do ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis?
1. ADH monitors osmolarity of the blood and RAAS regulates blood volume.
2. ADH monitors appropriate osmolarity by reabsorption of water, and RAAS maintains osmolarity by stimulating Na+ reabsorption.
3. ADH an RAAS work antagonistically; ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration and RAAS removal of water when it is in excess in body fluids.
4. Both stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone which increases both blood volume and pressure.
Identify the incorrect statement regarding micturition in humans:
1. An adult human excretes 1-1.5 litres urine per day.
2. The pH of normal urine is slightly basic
3. On an average, 25-30gm of urea is excreted per day.
4. Glycosuria and ketonuria are indicative of Diabetes mellitus.
Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and choose your answer from the code given below
|
|
Column I |
|
Column II |
|
A. |
Liver |
a. |
Bile pigments, Cholesterol |
Codes:
A B C
1. a b c
2. a c b
3. b a c
4. c b a
The correct sequence of steps in hemodialysis will be:
I. Blood drained from a convenient artery
II. Blood is pumped into a dialyzing unit
III. Adding an anticoagulant like heparin
IV. Exchange between blood and dialysate
V. Adding of protamine sulfate
VI. Cleared blood collected from the dialyzing unit
VII. Blood returned to a suitable vein in the body
1. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
2. I, III, II, IV, VI, V, VII
3. I, III, IV, II, V, VI, VII
4. I, II, IV, III, VI, V, VII
Why can cardiac muscle fibers contract for longer periods than skeletal muscle fibers?
1. Cardiac muscle is self-excitatory.
2. Extracellular calcium partially controls the strength (and length) of contraction.
3. Cisternae of T-tubules is more developed in cardiac muscle.
4. Cardiac muscle is uninucleate rather than multinucleate
The part of the sarcomere that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments is the:
1. M line
2. Hzone
3. Z line
4. zone of overlap
A motor unit is made up of:
1. all the muscle fibers within a given muscle
2. a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
3. all the neurons going into an individual section of the body
4. a fascicle and a nerve
Which molecule directly supplies energy to myosin to allow the filaments to contract?
1. adenosine diphosphate
2. ATP
3. creatine phosphate
4. creatinine
The true ribs:
1. lack the sternal attachments
2. are the five pairs of ribs that either attach indirectly to the sternum, or are not attached to the sternum at all
3. attach directly to the manubrium
4. attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilages
The foramen magnum is present in the _______ bone.
1. parietal
2. frontal
3. sphenoid
4. occipital
The metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of which type of synovial joint, based on shape?
1. Hinge joint
2. Saddle joint
3. Condyloid joint
4. Plane joint
For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70mV, an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of that neuron's cytoplasm would result in:
1. depolarization of the neuron.
2. hyperpolarization of the neuron.
3. the replacement of potassium ions with sodium ions.
4. the replacement of potassium ions with calcium ions.
A common feature of action potentials is that they
1. cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize.
2. can undergo temporal and spatial summation.
3. are triggered by a depolarization that reaches the threshold.
4. move at the same speed along all axons.
Neural transmission across a mammalian synaptic gap is accomplished by
1. the movement of sodium and potassiun ions from the presynaptic into the postsynaptic neuron.
2. impulses traveling as electrical currents across the gap.
3. impulses causing the release of a chemical signal and its diffusion across the gap.
4. the movement of calcium ions from the presynaptic into the postsynaptic neuron.
The primary neurotransmitter from the parasympathetic system that influences its autonomictargets is:
1. acetylcholine.
2. norepinephrine.
3. adrenaline.
4. dopamine.
The major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the human brain is
1. acetylcholine.
2. epinephrine.
3. endorphin.
4. GABA.
The presence of what ion inside the axor terminal causes the synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane?
1. Calcium
2. Potassium
3. Sodium
4. Chloride
Which type of short neuron is found in the retina?
1. bipolar
2. unipolar
3. multipolar
4. sensory