| 1. | adaptive radiation |
| 2. | transduction |
| 3. | pre-existing variation in the population |
| 4. | mutations induced by antibiotics |
| Assertion (A): | Disturbance in genetic equilibrium, or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be interpreted as resulting in evolution. |
| Reason (R): | This principle says that allele frequencies in a population are stable and is constant from generation to generation. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
| 1. | life arose from living forms only |
| 2. | life on earth came from outer space |
| 3. | life can arise from non-living things only. |
| 4. | life arises spontaneously, neither from living nor from the non-living. |
| 1. | Random mating must occur. |
| 2. | The population must be infinitely large. |
| 3. | Migration must occur frequently with other populations. |
| 4. | There should be no selection for any of the genotypes. |
| 1. | Wings of birds and wings of insects |
| 2. | Flippers of dolphins and hands of humans |
| 3. | Eyes of octopus and eyes of humans |
| 4. | Thorns of roses and tendrils of peas |
| 1. | the measure of an organism's adaptability to various habitats. |
| 2. | the number of mates each individual of the population selects. |
| 3. | the relative health of each individual in the population. |
| 4. | a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation. |
| Assertion (A): | Evolution can occur if there is genetic variation within a population. |
| Reason (R): | The meaning of EVOLUTION is descent with modification from preexisting species. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but the (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| Assertion (A): | Variations on which natural selection acts, arise as a result of random mutations. |
| Reason (R): | A new variation may, or may not, be adaptive. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | (A) is False and (R) is also False. |
| 4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |