1. | Rhynia-type plants → Psilophyton → Seed ferns → Progymnosperms → Cycads |
2. | Chlorophyte ancestors → Rhynia-type plants → Tracheophyte ancestors → Psilophyton |
3. | Tracheophyte ancestors → Zosterophyllum → Lycopods |
4. | Chlorophyte ancestors → Tracheophyte ancestors → Bryophytes |
Assertion (A): | Forelimbs in mammals have varying functions but are all homologous. |
Reason (R): | The forelimbs of vertebrates are homologous. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Assertion (A): | Pest species evolve pesticide resistance via natural selection. |
Reason (R): | After exposure to pesticides, some pests develop mutations that enable them to survive and leave progeny. |
1. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
Assertion: | Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. |
Reason: | Natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution. |
1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
2. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
Assertion (A): | Evolution by natural selection, in a True sense would have started when cellular forms of life with differences in metabolic capability originated on earth. |
Reason (R): | Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. |
1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
Assertion (A): | Almost all fossils are preserved in sedimentary rock. |
Reason (R): | Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation. |
1. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
Assertion (A): | Giraffes, in an attempt to forage leaves on tall trees, had to adapt by elongation of their necks. |
Reason (R): | This elongated neck, an acquired trait, was inherited by their progeny. |
1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
2. | (A) is False and (R) is False |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
Assertion (A): | Variations on which natural selection acts, arise as a result of random mutations. |
Reason (R): | A new variation may, or may not, be adaptive. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
3. | (A) is False and (R) is also False. |
4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
Assertion (A): | Evolution can occur if there is genetic variation within a population. |
Reason (R): | The meaning of EVOLUTION is descent with modification from preexisting species. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but the (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) correctly explains (A). |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |