Which of the following is required for the breaking of cross-bridge during muscle contraction?
1. ATP and Ca++
2. ADP and Ca++
3. Only Ca++
4. ATP only
Sliding filament theory can be best explained as:
| 1. | when myofilaments slide past each other, actin filaments shorten while myosin filament does not shorten |
| 2. | actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide past each other |
| 3. | actin and myosin filaments do not shorten but rather slide pass each other |
| 4. | when myofilaments slide past each other, myosin filaments shorten while actin filaments do not shorten |
The H-zone in the skeletal muscle fibre is due to:
| 1. | The central gap between myosin filaments in the A-band. |
| 2. | The central gap between actin filaments extends through myosin filaments in the A-band. |
| 3. | Extension of myosin filaments in the central portion of the A-band |
| 4. | The absence of myofibrils in the central portion of the A-band. |
Sliding filament theory can be best explained as
| 1. | when myofilaments slide pass each other actin filaments shorten while myosin filament do not shorten |
| 2. | actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide pass each other |
| 3. | actin and myosin filaments do not shorten but rather slide pass each other |
| 4. | when myofilament slide pass each other myosin filament shorten while actin filaments do not shorten |
| 1. | 2 | 2. | 4 |
| 3. | 6 | 4. | 12 |
| (a) | Locomotion, changes of body postures and heat production are some of the functions of skeletal muscle tissue |
| (b) | Actin filaments are firmly attached to the Z-line |
| (c) | The portion of myofibril between non-consecutive 'Z' lines is called sacromere |
| (d) | Muscles constitute more than 50% of the body weight in an adult human |
| a | b | c | d | |
| 1. | T | T | T | T |
| 2. | T | F | F | T |
| 3. | T | T | F | F |
| 4. | F | T | T | T |
| 1. | IIeum, ischium pubis - Form coxal bones of pelvic girdle |
| 2. | Actin, myosin, troponin - Muscle proteins |
| 3. | Malleus, incus, stapes - Ear osicles |
| 4. | Hyoid, zygomatic, sphenoid - Skull bones |
| 1. | Failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis can prevent normal swallowing |
| 2. | Accumulation of urea and creatine in the joints causes their inflammation |
| 3. | An overdose of vitamin D causes osteoporosis |
| 4. | Rapid contractions of skeletal muscles causes muscle dystrophy |
| 1. | Neuro-muscular junction |
| 2. | Motor end plate |
| 3. | Sarcomere |
| 4. | Motor unit |
| A: | Muscle bundles are held together by collagenous connective tissue layer called fascicle. |
| B: | Sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibre is a store house of calcium ions. |
| C: | Striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibre is due to distribution pattern of actin and myosin proteins. |
| D: | M line is considered as functional unit of contraction called sarcomere. |
| 1. | C and D only | 2. | A, B and C only |
| 3. | B and C only | 4. | A, C and D only |