People living at sea level have around 5 million RBCs per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at an altitude to 5400 metres have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude
| 1. | People eat more nutritive food, therefore, more RBCs are formed. |
| 2. | People get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available |
| 3. | Atmospheric O2 level is less and hence more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of O2 to survive. |
| 4. | There is more UV radiation which enhance RBC production. |
| 1. | AV bundle → Bundle of His → SA node → Purkinje fibres |
| 2. | SA node→ Purkinje fibres → AV node → Bundle of his |
| 3. | Purkinje fibres → AV node → Bundle of His → SA node |
| 4. | SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibres |
Doctors use a stethoscope to hear the sounds produced during each cardiac cycle. The second sound is heard when
| 1. | AV valves open up |
| 2. | Ventricular walls vibrate due to gushing in of blood from atria |
| 3. | Semilunar valves close down after the blood flows into vessels from ventricles |
| 4. | AV node receives the signal from SA node |
| 1. | SA node → Bundle of His → AV node |
| 2. | AV node → SA node → Purkinje fibres |
| 3. | Purkinje fibres → Bundle of His → SA node |
| 4. | SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibres |
The second heart sound (dubb) is associated with the closure of
1. tricuspid valve
2. semilunar valve
3. bicuspid valve
4. tricuspid and bicuspid valve
| 1. | To reduce the pressure in venous blood. |
| 2. | To maintain the oxygen concentration in venous blood. |
| 3. | To regulate the blood entering capillaries. |
| 4. | To prevent backflow of blood due to low pressure. |
| 1. | 8400 mL min⁻¹ | 2. | 144 mL min⁻¹ |
| 3. | 7200 mL min⁻¹ | 4. | 5040 mL min⁻¹ |
| 1. | Duration of a complete cardiac cycle | - | 0.8 seconds |
| 2. | Cardiac output in normal condition | - | 5040 mL/min |
| 3. | Cardiac output in strenuous condition | - | about 25 L/min |
| 4. | Normal heart beat | - | about 50 times/min |