| 1. | haemoglobin | 2. | Na+ |
| 3. | K+ | 4. | albumin |
| Layer in the wall of artery/vein | Made up of | |
| I: | Tunica intima | Squamous epithelium |
| II: | Tunica media | Skeletal muscle/elastic fibres |
| III: | Tunica externa | Fibrous connective tissue |
| Statement I: | ABO grouping is based on the presence or absence of three surface antigens on the RBCs namely A, B and O. |
| Statement II: | Rh grouping is based on the presence or absence of the type of antibody present in the plasma. |
| 1. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct |
| 2. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect |
| 3. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct |
| 4. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect |
| Assertion (A): | SA node is called the pacemaker of the human heart. |
| Reason (R): | SA node is auto-excitable. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True; (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
| Assertion (A): | Heart failure is sometimes called congestive heart failure. |
| Reason (R): | Heart failure means the state of heart when it is not pumping blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| Assertion (A): | Adrenal medullary hormones can increase the cardiac output. |
| Reason (R): | Adrenal medullary hormones are steroids with prominent effects on osmoregulation and glucose homeostasis in human body. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| I: | Fishes have a 2-chambered heart with an atrium and a ventricle. |
| II: | Amphibians and the reptiles (except crocodiles) have a 3-chambered heart with two atria and a single ventricle. |
| III: | Crocodiles, birds and mammals possess a 4-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles. |
| IV: | The only vertebrates where the heart pumps out deoxygenated blood are fishes. |
| 1. | 1 | 2. | 2 |
| 3. | 3 | 4. | 4 |
| A: | White blood cells are enucleated and are relatively lesser in number which averages 6000-8000 mm-3 of blood |
| B: | Human heart is protected by a three walled membranous bag, pericardium |