\(\mathrm{C}\), \(\mathrm{Si}\), and \(\mathrm{Ge}\) have the same lattice structure. Why is the \(\mathrm{C}\) insulator?

1. because ionization energy for \(\mathrm{C}\) is the least in comparison to \(\mathrm{Si}\) and \(\mathrm{Ge}\).
2. because ionization energy for \(\mathrm{C}\) is highest in comparison to \(\mathrm{Si}\) and \(\mathrm{Ge}\).
3. the number of free electrons for conduction in \(\mathrm{Ge}\) and \(\mathrm{Si}\) is significant but negligibly small for \(\mathrm{C}\).
4. both (2) and (3).

Subtopic:  Energy Band theory |
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