1. | less and less amount of new chemical energy is added at successive trophic levels |
2. | no new chemical energy is added at successive trophic levels |
3. | more and more amount of new chemical energy is added at successive trophic levels |
4. | less amount of new chemical energy is added at primary consumer level and then the amount of new chemical energy added to successive levels becomes more and more |
1. | Fragmentation → Leaching → Catabolism |
2. | Catabolism → Leaching → Fragmentation |
3. | Leaching → Fragmentation → Catabolism |
4. | There is no sequence as all steps occur simultaneously |
1. | About 2 to 10 % of incident solar radiation is PAR |
2. | An ecosystem is exempt from the Second Law of Thermodynamics |
3. | The amount of energy increases at successive trophic levels |
4. | The number of trophic levels in a grazing food chain is limited |
1. | 25 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere |
2. | 33 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere |
3. | 66 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere |
4. | 70 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere |
1. | It occurs only through the process of photosynthesis. |
2. | Almost all life on Earth relies directly or indirectly on primary production. |
3. | Net primary production is available for consumption by herbivores. |
4. | Gross primary productivity minus the respiratory loss is the net primary productivity. |
Which of the following is not correct regarding the decomposition of wastes?
(a) | Low temperature inhibits decomposition |
(b) | Warm and moist environment favors the process |
(c) | The process is anaerobic |
(d) | It is slower if detritus is rich in proteins and carbohydrates |
(e) | Detritus is degraded into simpler inorganic substance by fungal and bacterial enzymes |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | (b) and (c) only | 2. | (c), (a) and (d) only |
3. | (c) and (d) only | 4. | (c), (d) and (e) only |
Statement A: | Detritus is raw material for decomposition. |
Statement B: | Detritus food chain does not involve autotrophs. |
Assertion (A): | Most ecosystems would vanish if the sun were not, continuously, providing energy to the Earth. |
Reason (R): | Ecosystems and living organisms defy second law of thermodynamics. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A). |