One scientist cultured Cladophora in a suspension of Azotobacter and illuminated the culture by splitting light through a prism. He observed that bacteria accumulated mainly in the region of:

1. Violet and green light

2. Indigo and green light

3. Orange and yellow light

4. Blue and red light

Photosynthesis in C₄ plants is relatively less limited by atmospheric CO₂ levels because:

1. Of effective pumping of CO₂ in bundle sheath cells

2. Rubisco in C₄ plants has higher affinity for CO₂

3. Four carbon acids are primary initial CO₂ fixation products

4. The primary fixation of CO₂ is mediated via PEP carboxylase

According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, there is a basic difference between respiration and photosynthesis. This is _____

1. In chloroplast, H+ accumulation takes place in the lumen of thylakoid but in mitochondria, this takes place in perimitochondrial space.

2. Accumulation of H+ in chloroplast takes place in matrix i.e., stroma and in mitochondria, this takes place in cristae.

3. In both the mitochondria and chloroplast the accumulation of H+ takes place in inter-membranous space but with a high rate in mitochondria

4. Both 1 and 3 are correct.

In Hatch and Slack pathway, the primary CO₂ acceptor is -

1. Oxaloacetic acid

2. Phosphoglyceric acid

3. Phosphoenol pyruvate

4. Rubisco

Calvin cycle (C₃ cycle)

In photorespiration (C₂ cycle)
1. Glycolate is oxidised in mitochondria
2. CO₂ is released in peroxisome
3. Expenditure of ATP occurs
4. Light is utilised by all three organelles involved

C₄ and CAM plants have many similarities, like
1. Secondary CO₂ fixation by Rubisco
2. Scotoactive stomata
3. Primary CO₂ fixation by PEPCase in bundle sheath
4. Presence of Kranz anatomy

Proton gradient develops across the thylakoid membrane due to all, except
1. Splitting of water towards lumen side
2. NADP⁺ reduction towards stroma side
3. Movement of protons from lumen to stroma side by PQ
4. Release of H⁺ from stroma to lumen side by a H-carrier

Match the following columns and select the correct option.

1. a (ii), b (iv), c (iii), d (i)
2. a (iii), b (iv), c (ii), d (i)
3. a (ii), b (i), c (iii), d (iv)
4. a (iii), b (i), c (ii), d (iv)

Select the Incorrect statement from the following.

1. Nostoc performs oxygenic photosynthesis.

2. During photorespiration, O${}_2$ is first utilized in chloroplast, and CO${}_2$ is released in mitochondria.

3. In a chloroplast, lumen of thylakoids always have least number of protons during
photophosphorylation .

4. In the plants like sugarcane and Amaranthus, primary CO${}_2$ acceptor is phosphoenol pyruvate.