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Q. No.Consider the given two statements:
Assertion:
The ascending limb of loop of Henle is also called the diluting segment of the nephron.
Reason:
In the ascending portion, the loop becomes impermeable to water and the cells of the loop actively reabsorb solutes from the luminal fluid.
1. Assertion is true but Reason is false
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason correctly explains the Assertion
3. Assertion is false but Reason is true
4. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion
Subtopic: Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 1 | Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 2 | Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration |
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Regarding the location of kidneys:
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
| I: | They are located at the level of T12 – L2 vertebrae |
| II: | Left kidney is slightly lower placed than the right kidney |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
From NCERT
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Identify the correct statements:
1. Only I and II
2. Only I and III
3. Only II and III
4. I, II and III
| I: | Cartilaginous fishes are ammonotelic. |
| II: | Mammals are ureotelic. |
| III: | Land snails are uricotelic. |
2. Only I and III
3. Only II and III
4. I, II and III
Subtopic: Nitrogenous Excretory Products |
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Consider the given two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) mechanism acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism. |
| Reason (R): | An increase in blood flow to the atria of the heart can cause the release of ANF. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True; (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
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Vasa recta:
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II and III are correct
3. Only III is correct
4. I, II and III are correct
| I: | is a fine capillary network around the renal tubule formed by efferent arteriole. |
| II: | runs parallel to the Henle’s loop in juxtamedullary nephrons. |
| III: | is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons. |
2. Only II and III are correct
3. Only III is correct
4. I, II and III are correct
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Functions |
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Given below are two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Na+ reabsorption from glomerular filtrate occurs in PCT, ascending limb of loop of Henle and collecting duct |
| Reason (R): | Na+ is always reabsorbed by passive process in PCT, ascending limb of loop of Henle and collecting duct |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Subtopic: Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration |
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Given below are two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Vasa recta and Henle's loop play a significant role in maintaining high osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid |
| Reason (R): | Osmolarity increases from 300 mOsmolL-1 to 1200 mOsmolL-1 as we move from cortex to medullary region |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine |
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Which parts of the nephron are involved in increasing medullary interstitial osmolarity in the human kidneys?
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II
| I: | Ascending limb of loop of Henle |
| II: | Distal convoluted tubule |
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine |
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From NCERT
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Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| Assertion (A): | Ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water and allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively. |
| Reason (R): | Dilution of filtrate takes place due to efflux of electrolytes in the medullary fluid |
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| 1. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
| 2. | (A) is False, (R) is True |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
Subtopic: Function of the tubules |
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Consider the two statements:
| Assertion (A): | An excess of aldosterone can cause a decrease in potassium ion concentration in body fluids. |
| Reason (R): | Aldosterone acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
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