Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

1. Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration.
2. Low levels of antidiuretic hormone.
3. Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys.
4. Secretion of erythropoietin by Juxtaglomerular complex.

Subtopic:  Concentration of Urine: I | Concentration of Urine: II | Concentration of Urine |
 75%
From NCERT
NEET - 2019
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The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised:
1. in kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
2. in kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
3. in liver and also eliminated by the same through bile
4. in the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys

Subtopic:  Nitrogenous Excretory Products |
 83%
From NCERT
AIPMT - 2010
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Which one of the following statement with regards to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

1. Descending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to water
2. Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO3
3. Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed
by the renal tubules
4. Ascending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes

Subtopic:  Formation of Urine |
 83%
From NCERT
AIPMT - 2010
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Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation?
 
1. Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release
2. An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates the formation of angiotensin II
3. During summer when the body loses a lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed
4. When someone drinks a lot of water, ADH release is suppressed.
Subtopic:  Autoregulation of GFR |
 66%
From NCERT
AIPMT - 2011
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Uricotelic mode of passing out nitrogenous wastes is found in:

1.  birds and annelids

2.  amphibians and reptiles

3.  insects and amphibians

4.  reptiles and birds

Subtopic:  Nitrogenous Excretory Products |
 84%
From NCERT
AIPMT - 2011
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Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?
1. Henle’s loop – most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate
2. Distal convoluted tubule – reabsorption of ions into the surrounding blood capillaries
3. Afferent arteriole – carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein
4. Podocytes - create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman’s capsule
Subtopic:  Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
 89%
From NCERT
AIPMT - 2011
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The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70-80%) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?
1. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
2. Distal convoluted tubule
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Descending limb of the loop of Henle

Subtopic:  Function of the tubules |
 91%
From NCERT
AIPMT - 2012
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Figure shows a human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and/or functions. 
    

1. B-pelvis - broad funnel-shaped space inner to the hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle.
2. C- Medulla- inner zone of kidney and contains complex nephrons.
3. D- Cortex- outer part of the kidney and does not contain any part of nephrons.
4. A- Adrenal gland- located at the anterior part of the kidney; secretes catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown.

Subtopic:  Human Kidney: Functions | Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
 70%
From NCERT
AIPMT - 2013
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Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?

1. Increase in aldosterone levels

2. Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels

3. Decrease in aldosterone levels

4. Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels

Subtopic:  Autoregulation of GFR |
 69%
From NCERT
AIPMT - 2014
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Which of the following does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?

1. Alcohol
2. Caffeine
3. Renin
4. Atrial-natriuretic factor
Subtopic:  Autoregulation of GFR |
 58%
From NCERT
NEET - 2015
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