| 1. | GM crops that produce biofuels and starches for industrial applications. |
| 2. | GM crops that are resistant to all types of bacterial and viral infections. |
| 3. | GM crops that naturally produce higher amounts of nitrogen for fertilization. |
| 4. | GM crops that produce a sweetener used in soft drinks. |
| Assertion (A): | To diagnose presence of a specific DNA segment in a mixture, complementary pairing between nucleotides is exploited. |
| Reason (R): | DNA probes having radioactive isotopes help to detect DNA by autoradiography. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
| (a) | Transgenic animals can be used to produce biologically active human proteins like α-1-antitrypsin for therapeutic purposes. |
| (b) | Transgenic animals are mainly used to test the safety of recombinant insulin for humans. |
| 1. | Only (a) is correct | 2. | Only (b) is correct |
| 3. | Both (a) and (b) are correct | 4. | Both (a) and (b) are incorrect |
| I: | RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. |
| II: | RNAi involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsDNA molecule. |
| Statement I: | RNA interference takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as method of cellular defense. |
| Statement II: | RNAi involves the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary single stranded RNA molecule that binds and prevents translation of mRNA |
| Assertion (A): | Some ethical standards are required to evaluate the morality of scientific human activities that might help or harm living organisms. |
| Reason (R): | Genetic Engineering Approval Committee make decisions regarding the validity of Genetically Modified (GM) research and the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| Assertion (A): | RNAi is an RNA-dependent gene silencing process. |
| Reason (R): | The RNAi pathway is a naturally occurring process found in many eukaryote cells. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True; (R) is False |
| 4. | (A) is False; (R) is True |
| I: | Gene therapy involves the introduction of a functional gene into the cells of an individual to treat genetic disorders. |
| II: | RNA interference (RNAi) is a technique used to silence specific genes by degrading their structural genes located on template DNA. |
| III: | Transgenic organisms are those that have been genetically modified to express desirable traits. |
| 1. | Has a higher risk of causing allergies compared to pig insulin. |
| 2. | Is exactly the same as insulin produced in the human pancreas. |
| 3. | Is produced by inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria. |
| 4. | Requires human cells for production. |