Which of the following defences is used by plants to protect against herbivores?
1. Mimicry
2. High mobility to escape predators
3. Morphological defences like thorns
4. Rapid reproduction rates

Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
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In mutualistic relationships, "cheaters" are a concern because:
1. They reproduce too quickly, leading to overpopulation of the mutualistic partner.
2. Cheaters exploit the benefits of the relationship without providing the necessary services in return, potentially destabilizing the mutualism.
3. Cheaters eliminate their mutualistic partners over time, causing them to become parasitic instead.
4. Cheaters ensure the mutualistic relationship remains strictly balanced and sustainable.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Commensalism, Protocooperation & Mutualism |
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Consider the given two statements:
Assertion (A): Plants like Calotropis produce cardiac glycosides as a defence mechanism against herbivores.
Reason (R): Cardiac glycosides are toxic compounds that can deter herbivores by causing illness or even death if ingested.
 
1. Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A).
3. (A) is True but (R) is False.
4. (A) is False but (R) is True.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
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Which of the following represents an ectoparasite?
1. Tapeworm in human intestine
2. Tick on a dog
3. Liver fluke in a fish
4. Malarial parasite in blood cells
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Parasitism |
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If two species of birds rely on the same tree for food but occupy different branches, this is an example of:
1. Competitive exclusion
2. Interference competition
3. Resource partitioning
4. Intraspecific competition
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Competition |
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In which interaction would you expect one species to develop adaptations to neutralize a host's defences, while the host develops defences to resist the interaction?
1. Competition
2. Parasitism
3. Commensalism
4. Mutualism
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Parasitism |
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Which of the following statements about parasitism is correct?
1. Ectoparasites are adapted to survive inside the host’s body.
2. Some parasites require multiple hosts to complete their life cycle.
3. Parasites benefit from their hosts by reducing their reproductive output and overall fitness.
Choose the correct option:
1. Only Statement 1 is correct.
2. Only Statement 2 and Statement 3 are correct.
3. Only Statement 3 is correct.
4. All Statements 1, 2 andare correct.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Parasitism |
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Consider the given two statements:
Assertion (A): The introduction of exotic species often leads to rapid ecosystem changes.
Reason (R): Exotic species lack natural predators in the new habitat, allowing them to spread unchecked.
 
1. Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A).
3. (A) is True but (R) is False.
4. (A) is False but (R) is True.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
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The Abingdon tortoise, a species from the Galapagos Islands, went extinct primarily due to:
1. Increased predation from introduced carnivores.
2. Habitat destruction caused by human settlement.
3. Overgrazing of vegetation by introduced goats, which outcompeted the tortoise for food resources.
4. Climate changes that decreased its primary food sources.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Competition |
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Two closely related species competing for same resources cannot coexist indefinitely (the inferior will be eliminated). Which principle state this?
1. Rivet-Popper Hypothesis
2. Gause’s Competitive Exclusion Principle
3. Hardy Weinberg Principle
4. Verhulst-Pearl logistic equation
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Competition |
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