| 1. | "the more abundant species will exclude the less abundant species through competition" |
| 2. | "competition for the same resources excludes species having different life styles" |
| 3. | "no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely when resources are limited" |
| 4. | "larger organisms exclude smaller ones through competition as in the case of large trees controlling underbrush" |
| Scientist | Contribution | |
| I: | Connell | Competitive release |
| II: | Gauss | Competitive exclusion principle |
| III: | MacArthur | Resource partitioning |
| IV: | Tillman | Rivet popper hypothesis |