| Assertion (A): | In frogs, blood from the lungs and body is mixed in the ventricle. |
| Reason (R): | Frogs have a three-chambered heart with one ventricle receiving both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| 1. | Osmotic balance, defence and clotting respectively |
| 2. | Gas exchange, buffering and clotting respectively |
| 3. | Immunity, lipid transport and enzyme activation respectively |
| 4. | Blood pressure regulation, oxygen transport and coagulation respectively |
| 1. | More fibrinogen and platelets |
| 2. | Less protein content and absence of RBCs |
| 3. | More proteins and absence of WBCs |
| 4. | Equal protein and higher calcium concentration |
| 1. | Vena cava → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta → Lungs → Right atrium → Right ventricle |
| 2. | Vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta |
| 3. | Vena cava → Right atrium → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Aorta |
| 4. | Pulmonary veins → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Aorta |
| 1. | Mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood occurs |
| 2. | Blood passes once through the heart in one cycle |
| 3. | Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are completely separated |
| 4. | Blood pressure remains the same in pulmonary and systemic circuits |
| 1. | SA node → Bundle of His → AV node |
| 2. | AV node → SA node → Purkinje fibres |
| 3. | Purkinje fibres → Bundle of His → SA node |
| 4. | SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibres |
| 1. | 8400 mL min⁻¹ | 2. | 144 mL min⁻¹ |
| 3. | 7200 mL min⁻¹ | 4. | 5040 mL min⁻¹ |
| 1. | Decreases heart rate but increases stroke volume |
| 2. | Increases both heart rate and stroke volume by enhancing excitability and contractility |
| 3. | Decreases end-diastolic volume and increases end-systolic volume |
| 4. | Reduces coronary blood flow leading to stronger contraction |
