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Q. No.What is the correct definition of genetic equilibrium?
1.
The state in which new alleles constantly appear due to mutation and are balanced by natural selection.
2.
A condition where genetic variation is completely eliminated in a population, leading to a single phenotype.
3.
The condition where the rate of mutations equals the rate of migration in a population.
4.
A state in which allele frequencies in a population remain constant over generations, provided that evolutionary forces like mutation, selection, and gene flow are absent.
Subtopic: Hardy Weinberg Law |
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What change in the environment led to the phenomenon of industrial melanism in peppered moths (Biston betularia)?
| 1. | The widespread use of pesticides in agricultural fields. |
| 2. | The deposition of soot on trees during the Industrial Revolution. |
| 3. | The migration of moths to urban areas. |
| 4. | The introduction of new predators in polluted regions. |
Subtopic: Natural Selection |
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Identify the incorrect statement:
| 1. | Seaweeds and a few plants existed probably around 1320 million years ago. |
| 2. | Jawless fish probably evolved around 350 million years ago. |
| 3. | The fish Coelacanth, caught in South Africa in 1938, was believed to be extinct and is an example of a lobe-finned fish. |
| 4. | The largest dinosaur, Tyrannosaurus rex, was about 20 feet tall and had huge, fearsome dagger-like teeth. |
Subtopic: A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF EVOLUTION |
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How does homology provide evidence for divergent evolution?
| 1. | Homologous structures indicate that different species evolved from a common ancestor but adapted to different environments over time. |
| 2. | Homologous organs perform the same function in different organisms, showing that all life forms evolved in a similar manner. |
| 3. | Homology refers to similar structures in unrelated species, proving that all organisms evolved independently. |
| 4. | Homologous structures arise due to similar environmental pressures, leading to organisms acquiring identical adaptations. |
Subtopic: Embryological Evidence of Evolution |
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What does fitness mean in Darwinian evolution?
| 1. | Fitness is determined by an organism's physical strength and size. |
| 2. | Only the fastest and strongest individuals are considered fit in Darwinian evolution. |
| 3. | Fitness refers to an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce successfully in a given environment. |
| 4. | Fitness is unrelated to genetic inheritance and is purely a random occurrence |
Subtopic: Darwin's Theory |
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Which gas was absent in free form in any significant amounts in the primeval Earth's atmosphere at the time of the origin of life?
| 1. | Methane | 2. | Ammonia |
| 3. | Oxygen | 4. | Hydrogen |
Subtopic: Origin of Life |
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Which of the following is a correct example of analogous structures that evolved due to convergent evolution?
| 1. | Wings of bats and wings of birds, as both evolved from a common ancestor. |
| 2. | Flippers of whales and fins of sharks, as both are adaptations for swimming but have different evolutionary origins. |
| 3. | Forelimbs of humans and forelimbs of lizards, as both have the same skeletal structure. |
| 4. | Legs of frogs and hindlimbs of rabbits, as both belong to vertebrates. |
Subtopic: Embryological Evidence of Evolution |
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Louis Pasteur’s experiment played a key role in disproving the theory of spontaneous generation. What was the key observation in his experiment?
| 1. | Life originated in sterilized flasks containing dead yeast. |
| 2. | No new life appeared in pre-sterilized flasks, while new organisms appeared in flasks open to air. |
| 3. | New living organisms arose from killed yeast even in pre-sterilized, sealed flasks. |
| 4. | Life was seen in both open and closed flasks, proving spontaneous generation. |
Subtopic: Origin of Life |
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Alfred Wallace, working in the Malay Archipelago, arrived at conclusions similar to those of Charles Darwin regarding:
| 1. | The role of genetic mutations in evolution |
| 2. | The concept of acquired traits being inherited |
| 3. | The process of natural selection |
| 4. | The role of spontaneous generation in evolution |
Subtopic: Theory of Evolution & Lamarckism |
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The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that allele frequencies in a population remain constant unless acted upon by evolutionary forces. Which of the following does NOT affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
| 1. | Gene flow |
| 2. | Genetic drift |
| 3. | Natural selection |
| 4. | Law of independent assortment |
Subtopic: Hardy Weinberg Law |
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