Q. No.Oparin of Russia and Haldane of England proposed that:
I:
The first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.)
II:
The formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e., the formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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| I: | All living organisms (species or types) that we see today were created as such. |
| II: | Diversity was always the same since creation and will be the same in the future also. |
| III: | Earth is about 4 billion years old. |
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
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| 1. | Existing living forms share similarities to varying degrees not only among themselves but also with life forms that existed millions of years ago. |
| 2. | There had been extinctions of different life forms in the years gone by just as new forms of life arose at different periods of the history of the earth. |
| 3. | There has been a sudden and dramatic evolution of life forms. |
| 4. | Those characteristics which enable some to survive better in natural conditions (climate, food, physical factors, etc.) would outbreed others that are less endowed to survive under such natural conditions. |
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| I: | Fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only to reproductive fitness. |
| II: | Those who are a better fit in an environment, leave more progeny than others. |
| 1. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
| 2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
| 3. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
| 4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
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| 1. | Georges Cuvier | 2. | Lyell |
| 3. | Hugo de Vries | 4. | Alfred Russell Wallace |
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| Statement I: | The embryos of all vertebrates including humans develop a row of vestigial gill slits just behind the head but it is a functional organ only in fish and not found in any other adult vertebrates. |
| Statement II: | Karl Ernst von Baer noted that embryos never pass through the adult stages of other animals. |
| 1. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
| 2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
| 3. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
| 4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
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| Statement I: | The hearts in different vertebrates are homologous organs. |
| Statement II: | They have developed in different groups as a result of convergent evolution between them. |
| 1. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
| 2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
| 3. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
| 4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
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| Assertion (A): | Evolution is not a directed process in the sense of determinism. |
| Reason (R): | It is a stochastic process based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in the organisms. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
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| 1. | The big bang led to the formation of galaxies |
| 2. | The Earth was formed around 4 billion years ago |
| 3. | Cellular forms of life with differences in metabolic capability originated on earth |
| 4. | Life moved to land from water. |
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| I: | Nature selects for fitness. |
| II: | Fitness is based on characteristics that are inherited. |
| III: | Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature. |
| 1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I and III |
| 3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II and III |
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