A beam of unpolarised light of intensity \(I_0\) is passed through a polaroid \(A,\) through another polaroid \(B,\) oriented at \(60^\circ\) and finally through another polaroid \(C,\) oriented at \(45^\circ\) relative to \(B\) as shown in the figure. The intensity of the emergent light is:
1. \(\dfrac{{I}_0}{16}\) 2. \(\dfrac{{I}_0}4\)
3. \(\dfrac{{I}_0}2\) 4. \(\dfrac{{I}_0}{32}\)

Subtopic:  Polarization of Light |
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Two coherent sources produce waves of different intensities which interfere. After interference, the ratio of the maximum intensity to the minimum intensity is \(16.\) The intensity of the waves are in the ratio:
1. \(16:9\)
2. \(25:9\)
3. \(4:1\)
4. \(5:3\)
Subtopic:  Superposition Principle |
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An interference pattern can be observed due to the superposition of more than one of the following waves:
(A) \(y=a\sin(\omega t)\)
(B) \(y=a\sin(2\omega t)\)
(C) \(y=a\sin\left(\omega t-\phi\right)\)
(D) \(y=a\sin(3\omega t)\)
Identify the waves from the options given below:
1. (B) and (C) only 2. (B) and (D) only
3. (A) and (C) only 4. (A) and (B) only
Subtopic:  Superposition Principle |
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A light of wavelength \(6000 ~\mathring A\) in air enters a medium of refractive index \(1.5.\) If its frequency is \(\nu\) and wavelength is \(\lambda\) inside the medium, which of the following are correct?
(A) \(\nu= 5 \times 10 ^{14}~\text{Hz}\)
(B) \(\nu= 7.5 \times 10^{14}~\text{Hz}\)
(C) \(\lambda= 4000 ~\mathring A\)
(D) \(\lambda= 9000 ~\mathring A\)

Choose the correct option from the given ones:
1. (A), (B) and (C) only
2. (A) and (C) only
3. (B) and (D) only
4. (B), (C) and (D) only
Subtopic:  Huygens' Principle |
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In a single slit diffraction pattern with slit width \(a\) and wavelength of light \(\lambda,\) then the angular position of first minima if screen distance \(D~(D \gg a)\) is:
1. \({\lambda\over a}\)
2. \({2\lambda\over a}\)
3. \({3\lambda\over 2a}\)
4. \({3\lambda\over a}\)
Subtopic:  Diffraction |
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In Young's double slit experiment, if the wavelength of light used is increased (say from violet to red) then the:
1. fringe width decreases.
2. fringe width increases.
3. central bright fringe becomes dark.
4. fringe width remains unaltered.
Subtopic:  Young's Double Slit Experiment |
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Two polaroids are placed at an angle of \(45^\circ\) to each other. If an unpolarized light of intensity \(I_0\) falls as one polaroid, then the intensity of light leaves the second polaroid is:
1. \(\dfrac{I_0}{2}\) 2. \(\dfrac{I_0}{2 \sqrt{2}}\)
3. \(\dfrac{I_0}{4} \) 4. \( \dfrac{I_0}{8}\)
Subtopic:  Polarization of Light |
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In a wave having wavelength \(\lambda\), the path difference corresponding to the phase difference of \(\phi\) is:
1. \(\dfrac{2\lambda}{\pi}\phi\) 2. \(\dfrac{2\pi}{\lambda}\phi\)
3. \(\dfrac{\lambda}{\pi}\phi\) 4. \(\dfrac{\lambda}{2\pi}\phi\)
Subtopic:  Superposition Principle |
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Match the quantities associated with a standard Young's double-slit experiment on interference or single-slit diffraction setup as mentioned in Column-I with the proper values in Column-II.
Column-I Column-II
\(\mathrm{(A)}\) Position of \(2^{\text{nd}}\) minimum from central fringe \(\bigg(\)in units of \(\dfrac{\lambda D}{d}\bigg)\) for interference setup \(\mathrm{(I)}\) \(\dfrac12\)
\(\mathrm{(B)}\) Width of central maximum of the interference setup \(\bigg(\)in units of \(\dfrac{\lambda D}{d}\bigg)\) \(\mathrm{(II)}\) \(1\)
\(\mathrm{(C)}\) Position of \(2^{\text{nd}}\) minimum from central fringe \(\bigg(\)in units of \(\dfrac{\lambda D}{d}\bigg)\) for the diffraction setup (slit width \(=d\)) \(\mathrm{(III)}\) \(\dfrac32\)
\(\mathrm{(D)}\) Width of central maximum for the diffraction setup \(\bigg(\)in units of \(\dfrac{\lambda D}{d}\bigg)\) where slit width \(=d\) \(\mathrm{(IV)}\) \(2\)
Note: \(\lambda\) is the wavelength of light, \(D\) is the slit-screen distance; \(d\) is the slit separation (interference) or slit width (diffraction)
1. \(\mathrm{A\text- I,B\text- II,C\text- IV,D\text- III}\)
2. \(\mathrm{A\text- III,B\text- II,C\text- IV,D\text- IV}\)
3. \(\mathrm{A\text-III,B\text- I,C\text- III,D\text- II}\)
4. \(\mathrm{A\text-I ,B\text- III,C\text- II,D\text- IV}\)
Subtopic:  Young's Double Slit Experiment |
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Young's double-slit experiment is setup, with identical slits \(S_1,S_2\) separated by a distance \(d=0.2~\text{mm},\) and the screen placed parallel to \(S_1S_2\) at a distance, \(D=50~\text{cm}.\) The source \((S)\) of light is placed equidistant from \(S_1\) & \(S_2\) and it emits light of wavelength, \(\lambda=500~\text{nm}.\) Interference fringes are formed on the screen and the intensity at the central maximum is \(0.4~\text{W/m}^2.\) The apparatus is in air, and the source \(S\) is also placed \(50~\text{cm}\) from the double-slit.
                                   
The fringe width of the interference fringes equals
1. \(2.5~\text{mm}\)
2. \(1.25~\text{mm}\)
3. \(0.625~\text{mm}\)
4. \(1~\text{mm}\)
Subtopic:  Young's Double Slit Experiment |
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