Carbon dioxide tagged with heavy isotope of oxygen was fed to a green algae in the presence of sunlight. Which of the following compounds would not be tagged with this isotope?
1. | Phosphoglycerate | 2. | Phosphoglyceraldehyde |
3. | Glucose | 4. | Oxygen |
The correct chronological sequence of protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane involved in light reactions is:
1. Photosystem II (PS II), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PS I), and ATP synthase.
2. Photosystem I (PS I), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem II (PS II), and ATP synthase.
3. Photosystem II (PS II), Photosystem I (PS I), Cytochrome b6f complex, and ATP synthase.
4. Photosystem I (PS I), Photosystem II (PS II), Cytochrome b6f complex, and ATP synthase.
The primary role in abscission in majority of the plants is played by:
1. | ABA and ethylene | 2. | Auxin and ethylene |
3. | Auxin and ABA | 4. | Cytokinin and auxin |
Electrons carried by NADH enter the electron transport system when they are transferred to:
1. | FMN | 2. | Ubiquinone |
3. | Fe-S | 4. | FAD |
1. | 2 | 2. | 4 |
3. | 6 | 4. | 10 |
-plants are photosynthetically more efficient than -plants because
1. compensation point is more.
2. generated during photorespiration is trapped and recycled through PEP carboxylase.
3. efflux is not prevented.
4. they have more chloroplasts.
1. | α ketoglutaric acid | 2. | Oxaloacetic acid |
3. | Succinic acid | 4. | Malic acid |
After vernalization:
1. | flowering is always immediately induced in the plants |
2. | may require additional seasonal cues or weeks of growth before they will actually flower |
3. | seeds cannot germinate in spite of favorable environmental conditions |
4. | flowering is suppressed in the plants |
All the following statements regarding root hair in plants are true except:
1. They are lateral extensions of a single cell.
2. They are found only in the region of maturation of the root.
3. They are very frequently branched.
4. They are where most water absorption happens.
1. | Straight line relationship | 2. | Hyperbola relationship |
3. | Parabola relationship | 4. | Ellipse relationship |
Each plant has a different length critical photoperiod, which basically means:
1. critical night length
2. critical day length
3. critical temperature range during the day
4. critical night length in northern hemisphere and critical day length in southern hemisphere
1. | Abscisic acid | 2. | Gibberellic acid |
3. | Para-ascorbic acid | 4. | Phenolic acid |
Which pigment acts directly to convert light energy to chemical energy ?
1. | Chlorophyll a | 2. | Chlorophyll b |
3. | Xanthophylls | 4. | Carotenoid |
Who coined the term 'Kinetin'?
1. | Skoog and Miller | 2. | Darwin |
3. | Went | 4. | Kurosawa |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | Mutants that overproduce cytokinins or plants treated with cytokinins tend to be bushier than normal. |
Reason (R): | Cytokinins help overcome the apical dominance. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Identify the incorrect statement regarding gibberellins:
1. All are acidic
2. Cause bolting in plants with rosette habit
3. Delay the maturity period of juvenile conifers
4. Speed up malting process in brewing industry
In most seeds, the ratio of which of the following pair of PGRs determines whether the embryo remains dormant or germinates?
1. | ABA and GA | 2. | Auxin and Cytokinin |
3. | Auxin and GA | 4. | ABA and Cytokinin |
The number of oxygen molecules required each time a molecule of glucose is completely oxidized via aerobic respiration is:
1. | 1 | 2. | 2 |
3. | 6 | 4. | 12 |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | The reaction center of PS I is known as P700 and the reaction center of PS II is known as P680. |
Reason (R): | PS I functions first in the light reactions. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Coconut milk factor is : -
1. | An auxin | 2. | A gibberellin |
3. | Abscisic acid | 4. | Cytokinin |
1. | glucose is completely oxidized under aerobic conditions |
2. | carbon dioxide is produced |
3. | about 70 percent of energy trapped in glucose is released |
4. | NADH + H+ is reoxidized to NAD+ |
When pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl CoA, the former is:
1. | Oxidized | 2. | Reduced |
3. | Isomerized | 4. | Caboxylated |
1. | 6 and 6 | 2. | 6 and 9 |
3. | 12 and 15 | 4. | 18 and 12 |
During seed germination, its stored food is mobilised by:
1. | ethylene | 2. | cytokinin |
3. | ABA | 4. | gibberellin |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | When the roots begin to sense a water shortage in the soil, abscisic acid (ABA) is released. |
Reason (R): | ABA plays a primary role in closing stomata in response to drought. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
In the mitochondrial electron transport system, if complex IV were non-functional, could chemiosmosis still produce any ATP?
1. No
2. Yes, at the same rate as before
3. Yes, in larger amounts than before
4. Yes, only some and that too for only a small duration
The first acceptor of electrons from an excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II is :
1. | cytochrome | 2. | iron-sulphur protein |
3. | ferredoxin | 4. | quinone |
Blue light photoreceptors in plants are not involved in mediating:
1. | Phototropism |
2. | Light-induced opening of stomata |
3. | Light-induced slowing of hypocotyls elongation that occurs when a seedling breaks ground |
4. | Seed germination |
If you consider the overall flow of electrons in the light reactions, it can best be described as from:
1. Glucose to oxygen
2. PS I to PS II
3. Antenna complex to the reaction centre
4. Water to NADPH
The number of molecules of oxygen gas used during the glycolysis of one glucose molecule is:
1. | 0 | 2. | 1 |
3. | 6 | 4. | 36 |
The metabolic pathway common to aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation is:
1. chemiosmosis
2. the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
3. the citric acid cycle
4. glycolysis
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | If oxygen is available, it is invariably used as the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration. |
Reason (R): | It acts as the terminal electron as well as proton acceptor. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
What is the direct source of energy for the production of ATP by ATP synthase?
1. | the electron transport chain |
2. | the proton gradient |
3. | substrate-level phosphorylation |
4. | the oxidation reactions occurring during respiration |
1. | occurs in mesophyll cells in C3 plants and in bundle sheath cells in C4 plants |
2. | occurs in bundle sheath cells in C3 plants and in mesophyll cells in C4 plants |
3. | occurs in mesophyll cells in both C3 plants and in C4 plants |
4. | occurs in bundle sheath cells in both C3 plants and in C4 plants |
1. | (a), (b) and (e) | 2. | (a), (b) and (d) |
3. | (b), (c) and (d) | 4. | (b), (c) and (e) |
Water vapour comes out from the plant leaf through the stomatal opening. Through the same stomatal opening, carbon dioxide diffuses into the plant during photosynthesis. Reason out the above statements using one of the following options.
1. Both process can happen together because the diffusion coefficients of water and CO2 are different.
2. The above processes happen only during night time
3. One process occurs during the day time and the other occurs at night
4. Both processes cannot happen simultaneously
Name the plant growth regulator which upon spraying on sugarcane crop, increases the length of stem, thus increasing the yield of sugarcane crop.
1. | Gibberellin | 2. | Ethylene |
3. | Abscisic acid | 4. | Cytokinin |
Assertion (A): | A sigmoid curve is a characteristic of living organisms growing in a natural environment. |
Reason (R): | It is exemplified by a root elongating at a constant rate. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
To generate a proton gradient, in mitochondria, the protons are pumped:
1. into the cytosol from the mitochondria
2. from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria
3. from the cytosol into the matrix of the mitochondria
4. out of the nucleus and into the mitochondria
Who, amongst the following, was the first scientist to discover that plants give off oxygen as a result of splitting water molecules during photosynthesis, not carbon dioxide molecules as thought before?
1. | C. B. Van Niel | 2. | T. W. Engelmann |
3. | Robert Hill | 4. | Jan Ingenhousz |
The correct sequence of cell organelles during photorespiration is
1. chloroplast-golgi bodies-mitochondria
2. chloroplast-rough endoplasmic reticulum-dictyosomes
3. chloroplast-peroxisome-mitochondria
4. chloroplast-vacuole-peroxisome
In drought-prone areas, sprays of which of the following can be used as anti-transpirant?
1. | ABA | 2. | GA3 |
3. | IAA | 4. | Benzyl amino purine |
The formation and stability of plant cell walls mainly requires:
1. | iron | 2. | magnesium |
3. | calcium | 4. | molybdenum |
In chloroplasts the part of the ATP synthase is located:
1. on the side facing the thylakoid space.
2. on the ATP molecules themselves.
3. on the pigment molecules of PS I and PS II.
4. on the stroma side of the membrane.
In the given reaction:
1. is oxidized and is reduced.
2. is reduced and is oxidized.
3. is reduced and is oxidized.
4. is reduced and is oxidized.
The number of substrate-level phosphorylations in one turn of a citric acid cycle is
1. | One | 2. | Two |
3. | Three | 4. | Four |
There can be a net gain of 38 ATP molecules during aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose. The corresponding number for when one molecule of glucose undergoes fermentation will be:
1. | 0 | 2. | 2 |
3. | 4 | 4. | 30 |
The practical uses of auxins include:
I. Use of IBA in vegetative propagation of plants by cutting
II. As a herbicide for eliminating eudicot broad-leaf weeds
III. Making greenhouse cultivated tomatoes more viable commercially
1. | I and II only | 2. | I and III only |
3. | II and III only | 4. | I, II and III |
Which one of the following mammalian cells are not capable of metabolising glucose to carbon dioxide aerobically?
1. | White blood cells | 2. | Unstriated muscle cells |
3. | Liver cells | 4. | Red blood cells |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | Carbon fixation by RuBisCO can be enhanced by increasing the carbon dioxide level in the compartment containing RuBisCO. |
Reason (R): | Carbon dioxide and oxygen compete at the active site of RuBisCO. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Electrical synapses differ from the chemical synapse in that they:
1. occur when two cells are joined by integrin proteins
2. are characterized by a synaptic cleft
3. occur between two cells of unequal size
4. require the presence of gap junctions
The basal metabolic rate is most significantly influenced by:
1. thyroxine | 2. cortisone |
3. adrenaline | 4. melatonin |
The bone that provides attachment to the tongue but does not directly articulate with another bone is:
1. | ethmoid | 2. | palatine |
3. | hyoid | 4. | larynx |
The figure given below shows a small part of the human lung where exchange of gases takes place. In which one of the options given below, the one part A, B, C or D is correctly identified along with its function?
1. | A – Alveolar cavity – main site of exchange of respiratory gases |
2. | D – Capillary wall – exchange of O2 and CO2 takes place here |
3. | B – Red blood cell – transport of CO2 mainly. |
4. | C – Arterial capillary – passes oxygen to tissues |
Which of the following joints is not expected to allow any movement?
1. Sutures in the skull
2. Joint between adjacent vertebra
3. Gliding joint
4. Joint between carpal and metacarpal of the thumb
When secreted due to a fatty meal, the hormone cholecystokinin promotes all of the following except:
1. contraction of gall bladder
2. increased production of hepatic bile
3. contraction of sphincter of Oddi
4. stimulation of pancreas
The hormone angiotensinogen is produced by:
1. Liver | 2. Kidney |
3. Heart | 4. Pituitary |
What separates the right and the left atria in the human heart?
1. | A thin muscular wall | 2. | A thick muscular wall |
3. | A thin fibrous membrane | 4. | A thick fibrous membrane |
The outer covering of gray matter over the hemispheres is called as the cerebral:
1. | cortex | 2. | medulla |
3. | gyri | 4. | sulci |
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is present:
1. in RBCs but not in plasma
2. in high concentration in RBCs and in minute quantity in plasma
3. in minute quantities, both in RBCs and in plasma
4. in high concentration, both in RBCs and in plasma
1. | respiration | 2. | cardiovascular reflexes |
3. | gastric secretions | 4. | body temperature |
The cartilage present in the pubic symphysis is:
1. Elastic | 2. Hyaline |
3. Fibrous | 4. Calcified |
An increased production of dilute urine will be the result of:
1. decreased ADH secretion
2. increased renin secretion
3. increased insulin production
4. increased aldosterone secretion
Each nephron does have not its own unique:
1. | Bowman’s capsule | 2. | PCT |
3. | DCT | 4. | Collecting duct |
Autoimmune inflammation of the joint is:
1. | gout | 2. | osteoarthritis |
3. | rheumatism | 4. | rheumatoid arthritis |
A large proportion of oxygen is left unused in the human blood even after its uptake by body tissues. This O2
1. raises the Pco2 blood to 75 mm of Hg
2. is enough to keep oxyhaemoglobin
3. helps in releasing more O2 to the epithelial tissues
4. acts as a reserve during muscular exercise
1. | 200 ml | 2. | 12 L |
3. | 122 L | 4. | 288 L |
1. | 2 | 2. | 4 |
3. | 6 | 4. | 12 |
A disease of the lungs, due to chronic inhalation of dust particles, would be characterized by:
1. | pneumonia | 2. | tuberculosis |
3. | pulmonary fibrosis | 4. | lung cancer |
Identify the incorrect statement regarding anatomy of human kidney:
1. Adrenal gland is located at the inferior pole of each kidney
2. Columns of Bertini are extensions of cortex into medulla
3. Right kidney is slightly lower in location than the left kidney
4. The renal pelvis continues into the ureter
Which hormone is antagonistic to insulin regarding its effects on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism?
1. Glucagon | 2. Growth hormone |
3. Melatonin | 4. Cortisol |
What would be the number of intercostal spaces in the human thoracic cage?
1. | 11 | 2. | 12 |
3. | 6 | 4. | 3 |
The fluid in the nephron will have maximum osmolarity at:
1. Bowman's capsule | 2. proximal tubule |
3. bottom of the loop of Henle | 4. distal tubule |
Arrange the given structures in relation to a skeletal muscle in descending order of their size:
a. whole muscle
b. muscle fiber (cell)
c. myofilament
d. myofibril
e. muscle fasciculus
1. a, b, e, c, d | 2. a, b, e, d, c |
3. a, e, b, c, d | 4. a, e, b, d, c |
The head of the humerus forms a ball and socket joint with a scapular:
1. | acromion process. | 2. | glenoid cavity. |
3. | coracoid process. | 4. | acetabulum. |
Match the plasma proteins in Column I with their function in Column II and select the correct answer from the codes given:
Column I | Column II | ||
A. | Albumins | a. | Hemostasis |
B. | Globulins | b. | Transport carriers and immunity |
C. | Fibrinogen | c. | Colloid osmotic pressure |
Codes
A | B | C | |
1. | a | b | c |
2. | a | c | b |
3. | b | a | c |
4. | c | b | a |
When the heart muscle is suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood supply, the condition is called as:
1. | Heart failure | 2. | Heart block |
3. | Heart attack | 4. | Cardiac arrest |
The part of the limbic system that plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory is the:
1. | Cingulate gyrus | 2. | Hippocampus |
3. | Amygdala | 4. | Septum |
Trachea is invested with incomplete cartilaginous rings. They:
1. serve as a point of attachment for some muscles of expiration.
2. support muscular attachments to the thyroid cartilage and epiglottis.
3. prevent the trachea from collapsing.
4. attach the trachea to the esophagus posteriorly.
1. | Cortisol | 2. | Insulin |
3. | Glucagon | 4. | Somatotropin |
The atmospheric air pressure at sea level is 760 mm Hg and 20% of it is composed of oxygen. What would be the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air?
1. 152 mm Hg | 2. 40 mm Hg |
3. 104 mm Hg | 4. 159.6 mm Hg |
Hypothalamus:
1. | is a basal part of the telencephalon, forebrain. |
2. | contains several groups of neurosecretory cells called nuclei which produce hormones |
3. | is connected to the neurohypophysis by a portal circulation |
4. | is the location of the respiratory rhythm center |
Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and select the correct answer from the codes given:
COLUMN I | COLUMN II | ||
A. | Closure of AV valves | a. | Second heart sound |
B. | Closure of semilunar valves | b. | First heart sound |
C. | Opening of AV valves | c. | Ventricular ejection |
D. | Opening of semilunar valves | d. | Passive ventricular filling |
Codes
A | B | C | D | |
1. | a | b | c | d |
2. | b | a | c | d |
3. | b | a | d | c |
4. | a | b | d | c |
The stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate gives the cardiac output. If the stroke volume is doubled, the cardiac output will remain the same if the heart rate:
1. remains the same
2. is halved
3. is doubled
4. is reduced to ¼ of the original rate
What is the term and value for the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation?
1. vital capacity, 4600
2. total lung capacity, 5800
3. inspiratory reserve volume, 3000
4. inspiratory capacity, 3500
The autonomic neural system relays impulse from the CNS to:
I. skeletal muscles
II. smooth muscles
III. involuntary organs
1. I and II only | 2. I and III only |
3. II and III only | 4. I, II and III |
The glomerular ultrafiltrate will normally not contain:
1. | hemoglobin | 2. | sodium ions |
3. | bicarbonate ions | 4. | glucose |
The functions of the respiratory rhythm center can be moderated by a center located in:
1. Medulla oblongata | 2. Pons varoli |
3. Hypothalamus | 4. Cerebrum |
With respect to the countercurrent multiplier system when the human kidneys are producing a concentrated urine:
1. the descending limb of the loop of Henle produces a hypotonic filtrate
2. interaction between ascending and descending limb of loop of Henle is an example of negative feedback
3. salt becomes recirculated and trapped in the medullary tissue fluid, increasing "saltiness" as it accumulates toward the lower tip of the pyramids
4. water is retained in the medulla by the higher colloid osmotic pressure than that of the blood in the vasa recta capillaries
A normal blood pressure reading in a healthy adult human being would be:
I. 116/76 mm Hg
II. 150/80 mm Hg
III. 120/94 mm Hg
1. Only I | 2. Both I and II |
3. Both I and III | 4. I, II and III |
The definition of hormone describes them as having all the following features except:
1. non-nutrient chemicals
2. intra-cellular messengers
3. produced in trace amounts
4. act on distant target organ
1. | I-band | 2. | Z-line |
3. | M-line | 4. | Myofibril |
How does steroid hormone influence the cellular activities?
1. Using aquaporin channels as second messenger
2. Changing the permeability of the cell membrane
3. Binding the DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex
4. Activating cyclic AMP located on the cell membrane
Hydrophilic hormones:
1. activate intracellular receptors
2. pass through the plasma membrane
3. bind to membrane receptors to initiate signal transduction pathways
4. are usually fat-soluble
1. | Influx of sodium ions | 2. | Efflux of sodium ions |
3. | Influx of potassium ions | 4. | Efflux of potassium ions |
Which of the following will bring about inhalation?
1. Contraction of diaphragm and contraction of external intercostals
2. Relaxation of diaphragm and relaxation of external intercostals
3. Contraction of diaphragm and contraction of internal intercostals
4. Relaxation of diaphragm and relaxation of internal intercostals